 | |
| Editor | Christopher Tolkien |
|---|---|
| Author | J. R. R. Tolkien |
| Language | English |
| Series | The History of Middle-earth |
Release number | 5 |
| Subject | Tolkien's legendarium conlanging |
| Genre | High fantasy Literary analysis |
| Publisher | Unwin Hyman (UK) |
Publication date | 1987 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (hardback and paperback) |
| Pages | 464 (paperback) |
| ISBN | 978-0261102255 |
| Preceded by | The Shaping of Middle-earth |
| Followed by | The History ofThe Lord of the Rings (4 vols) |
The Lost Road and Other Writings – Language and Legend before'The Lord of the Rings' is the fifth volume, published in 1987, ofThe History of Middle-earth, a series of compilations of drafts and essays written byJ. R. R. Tolkien in around 1936–1937. It was edited and published posthumously by his sonChristopher.[1]
The Lost Road and Other Writings contains the following pieces:
The title page of each volume ofThe History of Middle-earth has an inscription inTengwar, written byChristopher Tolkien and describing the contents of the book. The inscription in Volume V reads "Herein are collected the oldest Tale of the Downfall of Númenor, the story of the Lost Road into the West, the Annals of Valinor and the Annals of Beleriand in a later form, theAinulindalë, or Music of the Ainur, the Lhammas, or Account of Tongues, theQuenta Silmarillion or History of the Silmarils, and the history of many words and names."
The Lost Road itself was the result of a joint decision by Tolkien andC. S. Lewis to make attempts at writing science fiction.[2] Lewis ended up writing a story about space travel, which eventually becameThe Space Trilogy, and Tolkien tried to write something abouttime travel, but never completed it.[3]The Lost Road is a fragmentary beginning of a tale, with a rough outline and several pieces of narrative, including four chapters dealing with modern England and Númenor, from which the entire story may be glimpsed. The scheme was for time travel by means of "vision" or being mentally inserted into what had been so as to experience that which had happened. In this way the tale links the 20th century first to theSaxon England ofAlfred the Great, then to theLombard kingAlboin ofSt Benedict's time, theBaltic Sea during theViking Age, Ireland at the time of theTuatha Dé Danann's coming (600 years afterNoah's Flood), the prehistoric North in theIce Age, a "Galdor story" of Middle-earth in theThird Age, and finally the Fall ofGil-galad, before recounting the prime legend of the Downfall of Númenor and the Bending of the World.
The story starts with Alboin, a child in 20th centuryBritain who has strange visions referencing theFirst andSecond Ages ofMiddle-earth after talking to his father Oswin about his 6th century namesake, where he sees the clouds coming westwards over theAtlantic as resembling the great eagles ofManwë traveling toNúmenor. Many years later as an adult, the dreams return to him as he starts to realize that they are actual memories from his ancestors, which he wishes he could see for himself. Fulfilling this wish,Elendil appears to him in another one of his dreams, offering to take him and his son Audoin to some time from the 3260s to the 3310s of the Second Age, which he accepts. The view of the distant past begins a conversation on the shores of Númenor about the state of the kingdom. Elendil tells his son Herendil that he is a member of the faithful who still support theValar, trying to convince him ofSauron's corruption and negative influence over the king Tarkalion (Ar-Pharazôn). Herendil argues that Sauron has enlightened the Númenorians after his imprisonment and ascension to being the king's advisor, portraying the Valar as villains for keeping immortality from the species of men.
Elendil tells him the true history ofArda up until that point where mortality was a gift rather than a curse, and discusses how militaristic Númenor is becoming, despite not having any enemies, to foreshadow the attempted invasion ofAman. Herendil agrees to join the rebellion against Sauron in the safety of their house. The story breaks off at the end of the fourth chapter.[4] The novel explores the theme of the "Straight Road" into the West, now open only in memory because the world has become round.
Tolkien reworked and expanded some of the time travel ideas fromThe Lost Road inThe Notion Club Papers, which was also left unfinished.[5]
The Tolkien scholarWayne G. Hammond, writing inMallorn in 1995, comments that reactions to Christopher Tolkien's works are split "between those who find the series a tribute to his father's imagination, and those who merely askWhy?"[6] He quotes Valerie Housden's 1988 review ofThe Lost Road and Other Writings fromVector as "typical": "A must for Tolkien freaks and those preparing doctorates, my cat and I agreed this book was a good excuse for a snooze on a rainy afternoon."[6] Hammond replies that the "fan response" toThe History of the Lord of the Rings implies a wider market than that.[6]
Taum Santoski, inMythlore, writes that the volume, with such items asThe Etymologies, demonstrates Tolkien's "deep interest ... in revising his languages". He notes Christopher Tolkien's comment that his father "was perhaps more interested in the processes of [linguistic] change than he was in displaying the structure and use of the languages at any given time."[7] Noting that people who wanted definitive forms of Quenya and Sindarin "will be disappointed", Santoski observes that the alternative forms of words, such asnume andnumen ("West") are both "real". He comments that it is precisely "this incompleteness that makes all of the work of Tolkien so attractive".[7] Santoski remarks, too, that in 1937, whenThe Hobbit had been published, "the currents of Tolkien's imagination" were evidently moving towards "a fusion": theQuenta Silmarillion was approaching completion; the languages had progressed; and his readers wanted a "newHobbit". Santoski remarks that "Fortunately Mr. Baggins ... hada nephew."[7]
