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The Grandmaster (film)

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2013 Hong Kong-Chinese film by Wong Kar-wai

The Grandmaster
Theatrical release poster
Traditional Chinese一代宗師
Simplified Chinese一代宗师
Literal meaningAncestral teacher of a generation
Hanyu PinyinYīdài Zōngshī
JyutpingJat1 Doi6 Zung1 Si1
Directed byWong Kar-wai
Screenplay byWong Kar-wai
Zou Jingzhi
Xu Haofeng
Story byWong Kar-wai
Produced byNg See-yuen
Megan Ellison
Wong Kar-wai
StarringTony Leung
Zhang Ziyi
Chang Chen
Zhao Benshan
Song Hye-kyo
Wang Qingxiang
CinematographyPhilippe Le Sourd
Edited byWilliam Chang
Music byShigeru Umebayashi
Stefano Lentini
Nathaniel Méchaly
Production
companies
Distributed byLark Films Distribution (Hong Kong)[1]
China Film Group Corporation (China)[1]
Release dates
  • 8 January 2013 (2013-01-08) (China)
  • 10 January 2013 (2013-01-10) (Hong Kong)
Running time
130 minutes
CountriesHong Kong[2]
China[2]
LanguagesMandarin[2]
Cantonese
Japanese
Budget¥240 million (US$38.6 million)[3]
Box officeUS$64.1 million[1]

The Grandmaster (Chinese:一代宗师,Yi dai zong shi) is a 2013martial artsdrama film based on the life story of theWing ChungrandmasterIp Man.[2][4] The film was directed and written byWong Kar-wai. A Hong Kong-Chinese co-production, it was released on 8 January 2013 in China, and screened as the opening film at the63rd Berlin International Film Festival in February 2013.[5] It was selected as part of the 2013Hong Kong International Film Festival.[6]The Weinstein Company acquired the international distribution rights for the film.[7] The film was selected as the Hong Kong entry for theBest Foreign Language Film at the86th Academy Awards,[8] making the January shortlist, but ultimately did not receive the nomination.[9] Despite this, the film was nominated forBest Cinematography andBest Costume Design.[10][11]

AlthoughThe Grandmaster was not as popular as others of Wong Kar-Wai's works in the western world, this film was highly-praised and applauded in the Chinese-speaking world for its profound philosophical depth, historical perspective, and break-through of the Kung-Fu film genre, further cementing Wong's "Grandmaster" Status in Chinese cinema. The film received a record-breaking 12 awards in the33rd Hong Kong Film Awards, most wins for a single film in history.[12] Zhang Ziyi also received an unprecedented 12 differentBest Actress awards for her performance.[13]

Plot

[edit]
The film uses narration from Ip Man and Gong Er throughout the plot, as well as numerous flashbacks and flashforwards.

Wing Chun grandmaster Ip Man (Tony Leung) reflects on the nature of martial arts as he battles a dozen combatants during a rainstorm inFoshan. Ip wins and experiences flashbacks of his life, from his early training at the age of seven, to his induction into Wing Chun by his master,Chan Wah-shun (Yuen Woo-Ping), and his marriage toCheung Wing-sing (Song Hye-Kyo).

Ip Man's peaceful existence is threatened by the arrival of Gong Yutian (Wang Qing Xiang), theWudangquan martial arts grandmaster from northern China, who announces that he has already retired and appointed Ma San (Zhang Jin) as his heir in the North. He then concedes that the South should have its own heir. A fight erupts as various masters attempt to challenge Gong, but they are deterred by Ma San. As the Southern masters deliberate on a representative, Gong Yutian's daughter Gong Er (Zhang Ziyi) arrives and tries to convince her father not to continue the fight, as she feels the Southern masters are unworthy. Meanwhile, the Southern masters decide on Ip Man to represent them. Three Southern masters test Ip's skills before the confrontation with Gong Yutian.

The "fight" between Ip Man and Gong Yutian turns out to be an exchange of philosophical ideas using a flat-cake as a metaphor for Chinese unity. Gong holds out the cake and dares Ip to break it. Although Gong evades many attacks, Ip eventually breaks the cake, but not before explaining that Gong should think beyond thenorth-south rivalry. Impressed by Ip's martial arts skill and philosophy, Gong declares Ip the winner. As Gong returns to the North, Gong Er sets out to regain her family's honor by challenging Ip Man. Ip offers that because "Kung Fu is about precision," whoever breaks a piece of furniture during the fight will be the loser. An intense fight breaks out between Ip Man and Gong Er, which concludes with victory for her after Ip breaks a stairstep while saving her from falling. Ip and Gong Er part on friendly terms, with Ip saying he wants a rematch in the future. They keep in contact by exchanging letters, and Ip intends to bring his family with him to northern China. His plans are soon disrupted by the outbreak of theSecond Sino-Japanese War in 1937.

During the war, Ip Man and his family descend into poverty and he loses his two daughters to starvation. Meanwhile, in northern China, Ma San betrays China in favor of the puppet government inManchuria and kills Gong Yutian as ahanjian. When Gong Er returns, Mr. Jiang (Shang Tie Long), the family servant, tells her Gong Yutian's final wish was for her to be happy and not to seek vengeance. Gong Er refuses to accept this, and instead makes a vow toBuddha to never teach, marry, or have children, devoting her life to vengeance against Ma San.

Ip Man moves toHong Kong in 1950 in the hope of starting a career as a martial arts teacher. He spars with and soundly defeats other martial artists, earning a reputation. The Chinese governmentcloses the border with Hong Kong in 1951 and Ip never sees his wife again. He meets Gong Er in Hong Kong onChinese New Year's Eve 1950 and asks her for one more contest while implying that she should rebuild her family's martial arts school. Gong Er refuses, stating that many martial arts have disappeared throughout the course of history, and that her family's would not be the only one. A flashback 10 years earlier shows a confrontation between Gong Er and Ma San at a train station on Chinese New Year's Eve 1940, in which Gong Er defeats Ma San using one of her father's special moves that Ma San had failed to learn. Considering herself still bound to her vow, Gong Er moves to Hong Kong with Mr. Jiang to open a medical practice.

In 1952, Ip Man and Gong Er meet each other for the last time. Gong confesses to Ip that she has harbored romantic feelings for him since their first fight. She dies in 1953, taking her father's secrets of theBaguazhang to the grave. A voice-over from Ip reveals that the fight with Ma San left Gong badly injured, and she turned to opium to help with the pain. Ip Man's Wing Chun school flourishes, and he is able to popularize the once secretive and elitist martial art on a worldwide scale. Ip trains a young boy who grows up to be his most famous student:Bruce Lee.

Cast

[edit]

Main Characters

  • Tony Leung Chiu-Wai asIp Man (Ye Wen), disciple of Chan Wah-shun and a grandmaster of the FoshanWing Chun martial art style from Southern China. Husband to Cheung Wing-sing and love interest of Gong Er. Becomes a Wing-Chun teacher in Hong Kong.
  • Zhang Ziyi as Gong Ruo Mei (aka Gong Er), daughter of Gong Yutian and a master of theBaguazhang martial art style. Becomes a trained doctor and opens a clinic after exacting revenge on Ma San. Dies from her internal injuries and opium addiction.
    • Wu Yixuan as young Gong Er
  • Zhang Jin as Ma San, first disciple of Gong Yutian and heir to Gong's Xing Yi Quan martial art style. Main antagonist of the movie who becomes a Japanese conspirator, kills his master, and becomes an enemy to Gong Er. Killed by Gong Er.

People around Ip Man

People around Gong Er

  • Wang Qingxiang as Gong Yutian (aka Gong Baoshen), Gong Er's father and grandmaster of the Baguazhang martial art style. Head of the Chinese Martial Arts Federation in Northern China. Killed by Ma San.
  • Zhao Benshan as Ding Lianshan, disciple of Gong Yutian and senior to Gong Er.
  • Shang Tielong as Jiang, loyal follower of the Gong family.
  • Chin Shih-chieh as Wu Ye, a Gong clan elder and godbrother of Gong Yutian.
  • Wang Jue as San Ye, a Gong clan elder and godbrother of Gong Yutian.

Other Characters

  • Chang Chen as "The Razor" Yixiantian. Master of theBajiquan martial art style. Saved by and befriends Gong Er while escaping from the Japanese to Hong Kong. Owner of the white rose hairdresser and becomes a Bajiquan teacher in Hong Kong.
  • Xiaoshenyang as Sanjiangshui, a gangster in Hong Kong who became Yixiantian's disciple.
  • Lau Ga-yung (Lau Kar Yung) as Master Hong,Hung Gar martial arts practitioner in Foshan.
  • Cung Le as Tiexieqi, challenges Ip Man in the opening of the film.
  • Lo Hoi-pang as Uncle Deng, a well-known authority figure in the Foshan martial arts scene. Owner of the Foshan Gong He Association.
  • Julian Cheung as Yi Ge, a renowned Cantonese tune performer in Foshan. Works at the association owned by Uncle Deng.
  • Lau Shun as Rui
  • Zhou Xiaofei as Gu
  • Bruce Leung
  • Lo Mang as Hei Mian Shen, a martial arts practitioner who challenges Ip Man by bringing his men to "learn" from the latter.
  • Berg Ng

Production

[edit]

The film is well known for its long development time, having been announced in 2008.[14] It was caught indevelopment hell, partly because Tony Leung broke his arm while training in Wing Chun.[15] The film is Wong's most expensive production to date. Wong intended the film to be a major collaboration with mainland China's film industry,[16] noting that the enormous expansion and growth in China's film industry and market over the past decade has provided filmmakers with resources to make features that weren't possible before.[16] Wong stated, "Films don't just belong to the mainland or Hong Kong. They belong to all Chinese and not just to a certain place at a certain time. It's a legacy that belongs to all of us."[17]

Music

[edit]

The music is composed byShigeru Umebayashi and Nathaniel Méchaly, with two works byEnnio Morricone and the originalStabat Mater composed byStefano Lentini. The Stabat Mater is not included in the soundtrack CD and it was published separately by Milan Records as "'Stabat Mater' As Seen in Wong Kar Wai's 'The Grandmaster'". It reached Number 1 in Hong Kong's iTunes Original Score.

Reception

[edit]

Thereview aggregator websiteRotten Tomatoes reported that 78% of 138 critics have given the film a positive review, with an average rating of 6.70/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Though its storytelling is a tad muddled, Wong Kar Wai'sThe Grandmaster still exhibits the auteur's stylistic flourishes in gorgeous cinematography and explosive action set pieces."[18] AtMetacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[19]

Variety gave the film a positive review, stating Wong "exceeds expectations withThe Grandmaster, fashioning a 1930s action saga into a refined piece of commercial filmmaking". The review also said: "Boasting one of the most propulsive yet ethereal realizations of authentic martial arts onscreen, as well as a merging of physicality and philosophy not attained in Chinese cinema sinceKing Hu's masterpieces, the hotly anticipated pic is sure to win new converts from the genre camp."[2]

While praising Tony Leung's Ip Man and Zhang Ziyi's Gong Er, calling the latter "more or less complete and coherent",The Hollywood Reporter lamented some of the more underdeveloped characters, stating that "the same can't be said of some of the other characters, such as Chang Chen’s Razor, an expert of the Bajiquan school who is supposed to be another of the grandmasters. Song Hye-kyo’s Madam Ip has only a cursory presence and is basically rendered invisible in the film’s second half."[20]

Zhang Ziyi's performance as Gong Er has been praised by critics such as Scott Bowles ofUSA Today as the film's "discovery",[21] and her character has been mentioned by critics such as Kenji Fujishima ofSlant as the film's "real central figure" in spite of the film's title.[22]

Owen Gleiberman ofEntertainment Weekly wrote: "the film, despite a few splendid fights, is a bio-historical muddle that never finds its center."[23]

The Grandmaster earned HK$21,156,949 (US$2.7 million) at the Hong Kong box office,[24] and grossed over 312 million yuan (US$50 million) at the mainland Chinese box office, US$6,594,959 in North America, and US$64,076,736 in worldwide, thus becoming Wong's highest-grossing film to date.[25][26]

Versions

[edit]

Three versions of the film have been released.

1. The "Chinese Cut" of the film runs 130 minutes.[4][27]

2. The version of the film that debuted at the2013 Berlin International Film Festival at 123 minutes.[4]

3. The version released byThe Weinstein Company is a more linear 108 minute cut that includes explanatory text for the benefit of Americans unfamiliar with the story,[28][29]

Wong wrote inThe Huffington Post that he was "never interested in telling a watered down version," but one that was tighter and provided greater historical context:

As a filmmaker, let me say that the luxury of creating a new cut for U.S. audiences was the opportunity to reshape it into something different than what I began with -- a chance one doesn't always get as a director and an undertaking much more meaningful than simply making something shorter or longer. The original version of THE GRANDMASTER is about 2 hours, 10 minutes. Why not 2 hours, 9 minutes or 2 hours, 11 minutes? To me, the structure of a movie is like a clock or a prized watch -- it's about precision and perfect balance.[30]

Some critics believe the 130-minute version is superior.The Wrap called the film "sweeping, gorgeous, exciting – and butchered."[31] Manohla Dargis atThe New York Times wrote: "Too bad that the American distributor didn’t have enough faith in the audience to release the original."[32]

Awards and nominations

[edit]
OrganizationAward categoryRecipients and nomineesResult
86th Academy AwardsBest Foreign Language FilmShortlisted
Best CinematographyPhilippe Le SourdNominated
Best Costume DesignWilliam Chang Suk PingNominated
20thHong Kong Film Critics Society AwardBest FilmWon
Best ActressZhang ZiyiWon
50thGolden Horse AwardsBest FilmNominated
Best DirectorWong Kar-waiNominated
Best ActorTony LeungNominated
Best ActressZhang ZiyiWon
Best CinematographyPhillipe Le SourdWon
Best Visual EffectPierre BuffinWon
Best Art DirectionWilliam ChangWon
Best Makeup and Costume DesignWilliam ChangWon
Best Action ChoreographyYuen Woo-pingNominated
Best EditingWilliam ChangNominated
Best Sound EffectRobert Mackenzie and Trithep WangpaiboonNominated
Audience Choice AwardWon
Boston Society of Film Critics Awards 2013Best CinematographyPhillipe Le Sourd2nd Place
Denver Film Critics Society 2013Best Non-English Language FeatureWon
Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Awards[33][34]Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue & ADR in a Foreign Feature FilmRobert Mackenzie, Traithep WongpaiboonWon
National Board of Review Awards 2013Top Foreign FilmsWon
Online Film Critics Society Awards 2013Best CinematographyPhillipe Le SourdNominated
Phoenix Film Critics Society Award 2013Best Foreign Language FilmNominated
St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards 2013Best Art DirectionNominated
Best CinematographyPhillipe Le SourdNominated
33rd Hong Kong Film AwardsBest FilmWon
Best DirectorWong Kar-waiWon
Best ScreenplayZou Jingzhi, Xu Haofeng, Wong Kar-waiWon
Best ActorTony Leung Chiu-waiNominated
Best ActressZhang ZiyiWon
Best Supporting ActorZhang JinWon
Best CinematographyPhillipe Le SourdWon
Best Film EditingWilliam Chang, Benjamin Courtines, Poon Hung-yiuWon
Best Art DirectionWilliam Chang, Alfred Yau Wai-mingWon
Best Costume & Make-Up DesignWilliam ChangWon
Best Action ChoreographyYuen Woo-pingWon
Best Original Film ScoreShigeru Umebayashi,Nathaniel MéchalyWon
Best Sound DesignRobert Mackenzie, Traithep WongpaiboonWon
Best Visual EffectsPierre BuffinNominated
Asia Pacific Screen AwardsBest Performance by an ActressZhang ZiyiWon
29th Golden Rooster AwardsBest ActressZhang ZiyiNominated

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abc"The Grandmaster".Box Office Mojo. Retrieved10 January 2015.
  2. ^abcdeLee, Maggie (8 January 2013)."The Grandmaster".Variety. Retrieved9 January 2013.
  3. ^Stephen Cremin and Patrick Frater (15 January 2013)."Grandmaster has masterful BO debut".Film Business Asia. Archived fromthe original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved16 January 2013.
  4. ^abcElley, Derek (28 January 2013)."The Grandmaster".Film Business Asia. Archived fromthe original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved5 May 2013.
  5. ^"WONG Kar Wai's The Grandmaster to open 63rd Berlinale".Berlinale. Archived fromthe original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved19 December 2012.
  6. ^"HKIFF Review: The Grandmaster".HK Neo Reviews. Retrieved4 April 2013.
  7. ^"Berlin: So Much For Bad Blood Between Harvey And Megan Ellison; TWC Acquires Wong Kar Wai's 'The Grandmaster'".Deadline Hollywood. 7 February 2013. Retrieved17 May 2013.
  8. ^"Oscars: Hong Kong Nominates Wong Kar-wai's 'The Grandmaster' for Foreign Language Category".Hollywood Reporter. 23 September 2013. Retrieved23 September 2013.
  9. ^"9 Foreign Language Films Advance in Oscar Race".Oscars. Retrieved20 December 2013.
  10. ^Peter Knegt, 2014 Oscar Predictions: Best Cinematography,http://www.indiewire.com/article/2014-oscar-predictions-best-cinematography
  11. ^Oscars, William Chang Suk Ping, Best Costume Design,http://oscar.go.com/nominees/costume-design/the-grandmaster
  12. ^"Subscription".www.straitstimes.com.The Straits Times.Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved8 May 2023.
  13. ^"Zhang Ziyi won her 12th Best Actress award". 14 October 2014.
  14. ^Kevin Jagernauth (12 July 2012)."Yes, Wong Kar-Wai Is Still Shooting 'The Grandmaster'". [Indiewire].
  15. ^Mark Pollard (2009)."Tony Leung injured while training for 'Grand Master'". [KungFucinema.com]. Archived fromthe original on 27 October 2013.
  16. ^ab"Wong Kar Wai On China's Growth, Kung Fu, Oscar Contenders & Bruce Lee".Deadline Hollywood. 14 December 2013.One of the reasons I wanted to make this film at this point is because I think in the last 20 years you can see the growth in China...
  17. ^"Hong Kong Filmart: Does China Still Need the Island?".The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved27 July 2018.Hong Kong director Wong Kar-wai says the time has come to move beyond outdated definitions of Chinese and Hong Kong cinema. "Films don't just belong to the mainland or Hong Kong," he says. "They belong to all Chinese and not just to a certain place at a certain time. It's a legacy that belongs to all of us." Wong, who made his reputation with moody art house fare like 2000'sIn the Mood for Love, is living proof. He now is enjoying his biggest box-office hit in China withThe Grandmaster, his first genre film.
  18. ^"The Grandmaster (2013)".Rotten Tomatoes.Fandango. Retrieved22 September 2020.
  19. ^"The Grandmaster Reviews".Metacritic.CBS Interactive. Retrieved25 August 2019.
  20. ^Tsu, Clarence (9 January 2013)."The Grandmaster: Film Review".The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved3 February 2013.
  21. ^"'The Grandmaster' connects with solid action, acting".USA Today.
  22. ^"The 25 Best Films of 2013".Slant Magazine.The real central figure, in fact, is Gong Er (Zhang Ziyi), the daughter of a rival martial-arts master who, upon her father's murder, devotes her life to the single-minded pursuit of revenge...
  23. ^The Grandmaster (2013).Entertainment Weekly.
  24. ^"The Grandmaster Hong Kong Box Office".HK Neo Reviews. 22 February 2013. Retrieved22 February 2013.
  25. ^The Weinstein Company Nabs Wong Kar Wai's 'The Grandmaster' Out of Berlin
  26. ^Berlin 2013: The Weinstein Co. Nabs U.S. Rights to Wong Kar-wai’s 'The Grandmaster'
  27. ^David Ehrlich."Kung Foolish: How The American Cut of 'The Grandmaster' Ruins a Masterpiece". Film.com.
  28. ^Steve Pond (16 October 2013)."Will Oscar Voters See the Wrong Version of 'The Grandmaster?'".The Wrap.
  29. ^Kenneth Turan."Review: Wong Kar-wai's 'The Grandmaster' has great martial arts style".Los Angeles Times.
  30. ^Wong Kar Wai."The Journey Of The Grandmaster".The Huffington Post.
  31. ^Alonso Duralde."'The Grandmaster' Review: Sweeping, Gorgeous, Exciting – and Butchered – Taste of Kung Fu Legend Ip Man".The Wrap.
  32. ^Manohla Dargis (22 August 2013)."Style and Kinetics Triumph in a Turbulent China".The New York Times.
  33. ^Walsh, Jason (15 January 2014)."Sound Editors Announce 2013 Golden Reel Nominees".Variety. Retrieved15 January 2014.
  34. ^"'Gravity' and '12 Years a Slave' lead MPSE Golden Reel Awards nominations".HitFix. Retrieved15 January 2014.

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