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Creedence Clearwater Revival

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromThe Golliwogs)
American rock band (1959-1972)
This article is about the band. For their debut album, seeCreedence Clearwater Revival (album).
"Creedence" redirects here; not to be confused withCredence.

Creedence Clearwater Revival
Creedence Clearwater Revival in 1968. From left to right: Tom Fogerty, Doug Clifford, Stu Cook and John Fogerty
Creedence Clearwater Revival in 1968. From left to right:Tom Fogerty,Doug Clifford,Stu Cook andJohn Fogerty
Background information
Also known as
  • The Blue Velvets
  • Tommy Fogerty and the Blue Velvets (1959–1964)
  • Vision
  • The Golliwogs (1964–1967)
OriginEl Cerrito, California, U.S.
Genres
DiscographyCreedence Clearwater Revival discography
Years active1959–1972[nb 1]
LabelsFantasy
SpinoffsCreedence Clearwater Revisited
Past members

Creedence Clearwater Revival, commonly abbreviated asCCR or simplyCreedence, was an Americanrock band formed inEl Cerrito, California. The band consisted of lead vocalist, lead guitarist, and primary songwriterJohn Fogerty, his brother, rhythm guitaristTom Fogerty, bassistStu Cook, and drummerDoug Clifford. These members had played together since 1959, first as theBlue Velvets and later as theGolliwogs, before settling on Creedence Clearwater Revival in 1967.[1] The band's most prolific and successful period between 1969 and 1971 produced fourteen consecutive Top 10 singles (many of which weredouble A-sides) and five consecutive Top 10 albums in the United States, two of which—Green River (1969) andCosmo's Factory (1970)—topped theBillboard 200 chart. The band performed at the 1969Woodstock festival inUpstate New York, and was the first major act signed to appear there.[2]

CCR disbanded acrimoniously in late 1972 after four years of chart-topping success. Tom had quit the band the previous year, and John was at odds with the remaining members over matters of business and artistic control, all of which resulted in lawsuits among the former bandmates. John's disagreements withFantasy Records ownerSaul Zaentz led to more court cases and John refused to perform with the two other surviving members of the band—Tom had died in 1990—at Creedence's 1993 induction into theRock and Roll Hall of Fame.[3][4] Though the band has never publicly reunited, John continues to perform CCR songs as part of his solo act, while Cook and Clifford performed asCreedence Clearwater Revisited from 1995 to 2020.

CCR's music remains popular and is a staple of U.S.classic rock radio airplay;[5] 45 million CCR records have been sold in the U.S. alone.[6] The compilation albumChronicle: The 20 Greatest Hits, originally released in 1976, is still on theBillboard 200 and reached the 600-week mark in August 2022. It has been certified12x Platinum by theRecording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for at least 12 million copies sold in the U.S.[7]

History

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Early career: The Blue Velvets (1959–1964)

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John Fogerty,Doug Clifford, andStu Cook met at Portola Junior High School inEl Cerrito, California. Calling themselves the Blue Velvets, the trio playedinstrumentals and "jukebox standards",[8] and backed John's older brotherTom at recordings and performances before he joined the band. The band had also released three singles, the second of which was picked up byCasey Kasem, who worked at KEWB,Oakland. In 1964 they signed withFantasy Records, an independent jazz label in San Francisco.[9] The band was attracted to the label after hearingVince Guaraldi's instrumental "Cast Your Fate to the Wind", which the label had released to national success.[10]

Vision and the Golliwogs (1964–1967)

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For the band's first release, Fantasy co-owner Max Weiss renamed the group The Golliwogs (after the children's literary characterGolliwog). Prior to the Golliwog name, Weiss had renamed them Vision. Bandmembers' roles changed during this period: Cook switched from piano to bass guitar and Tom Fogerty from lead vocals to rhythm guitar; John became the band's lead vocalist and primary songwriter. In Tom's words: "I could sing, but John had a sound!"[11] For their work with this band, Tom took on the name "Rann Wild", and John became "Toby Green". Both sides of each of the group's first six singles (issued between 1964 and 1966) were credited to the writing team of Wild/Green.

In 1966, John Fogerty and Doug Clifford weredrafted into the U.S. armed forces; Fogerty joined theU.S. Army Reserve while Clifford joined theU.S. Coast Guard Reserve. Speaking of his experience in theUS Army Fogerty has said: "I would become delirious and go into a trance. And I started narrating this story to myself, which was the song 'Porterville'."[12] John Fogerty eventually took control of the group by singing lead vocals and blossoming into a multi-instrumentalist who played keyboards, harmonica, and saxophone in addition to lead guitar. By 1967, he wasproducing the group's recordings, although without credit. The group's final single, "Porterville", failed to chart (like every other Golliwogs recording) but the exact same recording was very shortly thereafter issued as a track by Creedence Clearwater Revival on that group's first album.

Name change to Creedence Clearwater Revival (1968–1969)

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In 1967,Saul Zaentz bought Fantasy Records and offered the band a chance to record an album. Having hated the name "The Golliwogs" from day one, the band decided on their own name, Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR), which they took in January 1968.[13] According to interviews with the band members 20 years later, the name's elements came from three sources: Tom Fogerty's friend Credence Newball, whose name they changed to form the wordCreedence (as increed); a television commercial forOlympia Brewing Company ("clear water"); and the four members' renewed commitment to their band.[14] Rejected contenders for the band's name included "Muddy Rabbit", "Gossamer Wump", and "Creedence Nuball and the Ruby"; however, the last was the starting point from which the band derived their final name. Cook described the name as "weirder thanBuffalo Springfield orJefferson Airplane".[15] In early 1968, the band began appearing regularly at localSan Francisco area clubs and venues includingDeno and Carlo's, theAvalon Ballroom, and theFillmore West. Later that year, the band began touring nationally across the US and made their first appearances inNew York City at theFillmore East.

By 1968,AM radio programmers around the U.S. took note when CCR'scover of the 1956rockabilly song[13] "Susie Q" received substantial airplay in theSan Francisco Bay Area and onChicago'sWLS-AM.[16] It was the band's second single, its first to reach theTop 40 (No. 11), and its only Top 40 hit not written by John Fogerty. Two other singles were released from their May 1968 debut self titled album: a cover ofScreamin' Jay Hawkins's "I Put a Spell on You" (No. 58) and "Porterville" (released on the Scorpio label with writing credited to "T. Spicebush Swallowtail"), written during Fogerty's time in the Army Reserve.

Peak success: 1969–1970

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CCR in concert inInglewood, California, December 1969

After their breakthrough, CCR began touring and started work on their second album,Bayou Country (released January 1969), atRCA Studios in Los Angeles. A No. 7 platinum hit, the record was their first in a string of hit albums and singles that continued uninterrupted for two years. The single "Proud Mary", backed with "Born on the Bayou", reached No. 2 on the nationalBillboard chart. The former would eventually become the group's most-covered song, with some 100 versions by other artists to date, including the No. 4 1971 hit byIke & Tina Turner, two years to the week after the original peaked. John cites this song as being the result of high spirits on gaining his discharge from the Army Reserve.[13] The album also featured a cover of the rock & roll classic "Good Golly, Miss Molly"[13] and the band's nine-minute live-show closer, "Keep On Chooglin'".

Months later, during April 1969, "Bad Moon Rising" backed with "Lodi", was released and peaked at No. 2 in the US. In the United Kingdom, "Bad Moon Rising" spent three weeks at number one on theUK Singles Chart during September and October 1969, becoming the band's only number one single in the UK.[17] The band's third album,Green River, followed in August 1969, was their first album to top theBillboard 200, and went gold along with the single "Green River", which again reached No. 2 on the Billboard charts. The B-side of "Green River", "Commotion", peaked at No. 30 and the band's emphasis on covers of their old favorites continued with "Night Time Is the Right Time".

CCR continued to tour constantly with performances in July 1969 at theAtlanta Pop Festival and in August 1969 at theWoodstock Festival. At Woodstock, the band took the stage in the early morning, hours after their scheduled start time. They followed theGrateful Dead, whom John said had put the audience to sleep; as he scanned the audience he saw a "Dante scene, just bodies from hell, all intertwined and asleep, covered with mud".[15] In addition to the low energy crowd, the band also experienced issues with their equipment and lighting, resulting in John vetoing their inclusion in theWoodstock film or soundtrack.[18] Cook, however, praised their set, saying, "The performances are classic CCR and I'm still amazed by the number of people who don't even know we were one of the headliners at Woodstock '69."[19]

Creedence Clearwater Revival ... were progressive and anachronistic at the same time. An unapologetic throwback to the golden era of rock and roll, they broke ranks with their peers on the progressive, psychedelic San Francisco scene. Their approach was basic and uncompromising, holding true to the band members' working-class origins. The term "roots rock" had not yet been invented when Creedence came along, but in essence, they defined it, drawing inspiration from the likes ofLittle Richard,Hank Williams,Elvis Presley,Chuck Berry, and the artisans of soul atMotown andStax. In so doing, Creedence Clearwater Revival became the standard bearers and foremost celebrants of homegrown American music.

— Rock and Roll Hall of Fame[3]

After Woodstock, CCR were busy honing material for a fourth album,Willy and the Poor Boys, their second top 3 LP, released in November 1969. "Down on the Corner" and "Fortunate Son", both of which they performed onThe Ed Sullivan Show on November 16, 1969,[20] climbed to No. 3 and No. 14, respectively, by year's end. The album was CCR in standard mode, featuring Fogerty originals and two reworkedLead Belly covers, "Cotton Fields" and "Midnight Special". The year 1969 had been a remarkable chart year for the band: three Top Ten albums, four hit singles (three charting at No. 2 and one at No. 3) with three additional chartingB-sides.

CCR released another double A-side hit, "Travelin' Band"/"Who'll Stop the Rain", in January 1970. The speedy "Travelin' Band", with a strong Little Richard sound, however, bore enough similarities to "Good Golly, Miss Molly" to warrant a lawsuit by the song's publisher; it was eventuallysettled out of court.[21] The song ultimately topped out at No. 2. The band also recorded its January 31, 1970, live performance at theOakland Coliseum Arena, which would later be marketed as a live album and television special. In February, CCR were featured on the cover ofRolling Stone, although only John was interviewed in the accompanying article.[22]

In April 1970, CCR were set to begin their first European tour. To support the upcoming live dates, John wrote "Up Around the Bend" and "Run Through the Jungle"; the single reached No. 4 that spring. The band returned toWally Heider Studios in San Francisco in June to recordCosmo's Factory. The album contained the earlier Top 10 hits "Travelin' Band" and "Up Around the Bend" plus popular album tracks such as the opener "Ramble Tamble".

Cosmo's Factory was released in July 1970, and it was number one in the US for nine weeks. It was released along with the band's fifth and final No. 2 national hit, "Lookin' Out My Back Door"/"Long as I Can See the Light". Although they topped some international charts and local radio countdowns, CCR have the distinction of having had five No. 2 singles without ever having had a No. 1 on theHot 100, the most of any group.[23] Their five No. 2 singleswere exceeded only byMadonna (six),Taylor Swift (seven), andDrake (nine), and tied withElvis Presley andthe Carpenters. Conversely, on station WLS-AM the band had three No. 1's, four No. 3's, and two No. 4's, but no No. 2 singles, with "Down on the Corner" the only top ten CCR single registering the same peak position (No. 3) on the Hot 100 and on WLS.[24]

Other cuts on theCosmo's Factory album included an 11-minute jam ofMarvin Gaye’s 1968 cover of "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" (a minor hit when an edited version was released as a single in 1976), and a nearly note-for-note homage toRoy Orbison's "Ooby Dooby". The album was their biggest seller, going to No. 1 on the Billboard 200 album charts and No. 11 onBillboard's Soul Albums chart.

Pendulum, released in December 1970, was another top seller, spawning a Top 10 hit with "Have You Ever Seen The Rain?" John played theHammond B3 organ on many of thePendulum tracks, notably in "Have You Ever Seen The Rain?", in recognition of the deep respect and influence ofBooker T. & the M.G.'s, with whom the members of the band had jammed. The single's flip side, "Hey Tonight", was also a hit.

Tom Fogerty's departure, discord and breakup: 1971–1972

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Trade advertisement for the release of CCR's single "Sweet Hitch-Hiker" in July 1971
CCR in 1972 after Tom Fogerty's departure; John Fogerty, Stu Cook, Doug Clifford

Around this time, an overwhelming perception among the other band members that John was being overly controlling and domineering was approaching a boiling point.[25][page needed] Tom Fogerty decided he had enough and resigned from CCR in early 1971 after the recording ofPendulum, with his departure being made public in February of that year. The remaining members initially considered replacing him but ultimately continued as a trio.

In the spring of 1971, John Fogerty, frustrated with his remaining bandmates' constant complaining that they were not allowed to write and produce their own songs,[25][page needed] relented and informed Cook and Clifford that CCR would continue only by adopting a "democratic" approach: each member would now write and perform his own material with each band member contributing three songs apiece to the next album. Fogerty would only contribute guitar parts to his bandmates' songs.[25][page needed]

There are conflicting views regarding Cook and Clifford's reaction to this proposed new arrangement, although everyone seemed to acknowledge that Cook and Clifford had wanted more input in CCR's artistic and business decisions. For his part, Fogerty recounts that Cook and Clifford were initially excited about this new opportunity to write and perform their own songs free of his meddling, since they had been the ones who asked for it in the first place and they only soured on the concept after the record's lack of success (Fogerty also mentions a time while recording the album when he refused Cook's request to "fix" one of his (Cook's) songs to make it sound more like other Creedence material, which may have also played a role in the band members' attitudes toward the project).[25][page needed] However, other sources imply that Cook and Clifford were resistant to this approach from the start.[26] Allegedly, Fogerty at one point insisted they accept the arrangement or he would quit the band.[27] Despite the conflict, the trio put its new work ethic to the test in the studio, releasing the Top 10 single "Sweet Hitch-Hiker" in July 1971, backed with Cook's "Door To Door". The band toured both the U.S. and Europe that summer and fall with Cook's song a part of the live set. In spite of their continuing commercial success, relations among the three had become increasingly strained.

The band's final album,Mardi Gras, was released in April 1972, featuring songs written by John Fogerty, Cook and Clifford, as well as a cover of "Hello Mary Lou" (a songGene Pitney had originally written forRicky Nelson). Each member sang lead vocal on the songs written by that member. The album was a critical failure, considered by critics to be of inconsistent quality and lacking in cohesion.Rolling Stone reviewerJon Landau deemed it "relative to a group's established level of performance, the worst album I have ever heard from a major rock band".[28] The sales ofMardi Gras were weaker than previous albums, ultimately peaking at No. 12, though it still became the band's seventh consecutive studio album to be certified Gold. Fogerty's "Someday Never Comes", backed with Clifford's "Tearin' Up the Country", also cracked the U.S. Top 40.

By this point, Fogerty was not only at direct odds with his bandmates but he had also come to see the group's relationship with Fantasy Records as onerous, feeling that Zaentz had reneged on his promise to give the band a better contract. Cook—who held a degree in business—claimed that because of poor judgment on Fogerty's part, CCR had to abide by the worst record deal of any major U.S. recording artist. Despite the relatively poor reception ofMardi Gras and deteriorated relationships among the remaining band members, CCR embarked upon a two-month, 20-date U.S. tour. However, on October 16, 1972—less than six months after the tour ended—Fantasy Records and the band officially announced its disbanding.[29] CCR never formally reunited after the breakup, although Cook and Clifford eventually started the bandCreedence Clearwater Revisited. John Fogerty later commented on the demise of CCR in a 1997 edition of theSwedish magazinePop:

I was alone when I made that [CCR] music. I was alone when I made the arrangements, I was alone when I added background vocals, guitars and some other stuff. I was alone when I produced and mixed the albums. The other guys showed up only for rehearsals and the days we made the actual recordings. For me Creedence was like sitting on a time bomb. We'd had decent successes with our cover of "Susie Q" and withthe first album, when we went into the studio to cut "Proud Mary." It was the first time we were in a real Hollywood studio, RCA's Los Angeles studio, and the problems started immediately. The other guys in the band insisted on writing songs for the new album, they had opinions on the arrangements, they wanted to sing. They went as far as adding background vocals to "Proud Mary," and it sounded awful. They usedtambourines, and it sounded no better.That's when I understood I had a choice to make. At that point in time we were just a one hit wonder, and "Susie Q" hadn't really been that big a hit. Either this [the new album] would be a success, something really big, or we might as well start working at the car wash again. There was a big row. We went to an Italian restaurant and I remember that I very clearly told the others that I for one didn't want to go back to the car wash again. Now we had to make the best possible album and it wasn't important who did what, as long as the result was the very best we could achieve. And of course I was the one who should do it. I don't think the others really understood what I meant, but at least I could manage the situation the way I wanted. The result was eight million-selling double-sided singles in a row and six albums, who all went platinum. AndMelody Maker had us as the best band in the world. That was afterthe Beatles split, but still. ... And I was the one who had created all this. Despite that, I don't think they understood what I was talking about. ... They were obsessed with the idea of more control and more influence. So finally the bomb exploded and we never worked together again.[30]

Post-breakup

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Netflix Documentary

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Main article:Travelin' Band: Creedence Clearwater Revival at the Royal Albert Hall

In 2022, Netflix published the documentary "Travelin' Band: Creedence Clearwater Revival Live at the Royal Albert Hall". Directed by Bob Smeaton and narrated by Jeff Bridges, the film chronicles the band's history, leading up to the 1970 concert and ending with a recording of the performance.[31]

John Fogerty

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John Fogerty performing in 2011

In 1973, John Fogerty began his solo career withThe Blue Ridge Rangers, his one-man band collection of country and gospel songs. Under his old CCR contract, however, Fogerty owed Fantasy eight more records. In the end, he refused to work for the label. The impasse was resolved only whenAsylum Records'David Geffen bought Fogerty's contract for $1 million. In 1975 he released his only Asylum album, the self-titledJohn Fogerty. His next major hit wasCenterfield, a chart-topping success in 1985. On tour in 1986, however, Fogerty suffered complaints over his steadfast refusal to perform CCR songs and suffered with recurring vocal problems which he blamed on having to testify in court. Fogerty's explanation for not playing CCR material was that he would have had to pay performance royalties to copyright holder Zaentz, and that it was "too painful" to revisit the music of his past.

With theCenterfield album, Fogerty also found himself entangled in new, tit-for-tat lawsuits with Zaentz over the song "The Old Man Down The Road" which was, according to Zaentz, a blatant re-write of Fogerty's own 1970 CCR hit "Run Through the Jungle". Since Fogerty had traded his rights to CCR's songs in 1980 to cancel his remaining contractual obligations, Fantasy now owned the rights to "Run Through the Jungle" and sued Fogerty essentially forplagiarizing himself. While a jury ruled in Fogerty's favor, he did settle adefamation suit filed by Zaentz over the songs "Mr. Greed" and "Zanz Kant Danz". Fogerty was forced to edit the recording, changing the "Zanz" reference to "Vanz".

On February 19, 1987, at thePalomino Club (North Hollywood) in Los Angeles, Fogerty broke his self-imposed ban on performing CCR hits.Bob Dylan andGeorge Harrison (along withTaj Mahal andJesse Ed Davis) had joined him onstage, admonishing, "If you don't, the whole world's gonna think 'Proud Mary' isTina Turner's song." At a 1987Independence Day benefit concert for Vietnam veterans, Fogerty finally ran through the list of CCR hits, beginning with "Born on the Bayou" and ending with "Proud Mary". In 1986 he also released his second Warner Bros. album,Eye of the Zombie. Fogerty retreated from music again in the late 1980s but returned in 1997 with theGrammy-winningBlue Moon Swamp. Fogerty still tours frequently and now performs CCR classics alongside his solo material.

Tom Fogerty

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Tom Fogerty released several solo albums, though none reached the success of CCR. His 1974 solo albumZephyr National was the last to feature the four original CCR band members on the track "Mystic Isle of Avalon", although John recorded his parts separately. Several tracks sound very much like the CCR style, particularly the aptly titled "Joyful Resurrection". His albumExcalibur featured all four members of The Jerry Garcia Band (who recorded live albums for Fantasy)... Garcia played lead guitar to Tom's rhythm guitar, and has since become a popular cult album.

Tom Fogerty died at his home inScottsdale, Arizona, in September 1990 of anAIDS complication, which he contracted via a tainted blood transfusion he received while undergoing back surgery. Tom and John barely reconciled before Tom's death, and in theeulogy that he delivered at Tom's funeral, John said, "We wanted to grow up and be musicians. I guess we achieved half of that, becoming rock 'n roll stars. We didn't necessarily grow up".[32]

Stu Cook and Doug Clifford

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CCR's rhythm section formedCreedence Clearwater Revisited in 1995

Junior high school friends Doug Clifford and Stu Cook continued to work together following the demise of CCR both as session players and members of theDon Harrison Band. They also founded Factory Productions, a mobile recording service in the Bay Area. Clifford released a solo record,Cosmo, in 1972. Cook produced artistRoky Erickson'sThe Evil One and was a bassist with the popular country actSouthern Pacific in the 1980s.

Clifford also producedGroovers Paradise for formerSir Douglas Quintet and Texas Tornados frontmanDoug Sahm. Both Clifford and Cook played on the album which was released on Warner Bros. in 1974. Clifford continued to perform and record with Sahm through the 1980s.

Following a relatively long period of musical inactivity, Cook and Clifford formedCreedence Clearwater Revisited in 1995 with several well-known musicians. Revisited continues to tour globally performing the original band's classics. John's 1997 injunction forced Creedence Clearwater Revisited to temporarily change its name to "Cosmo's Factory", but the courts later ruled in Cook's and Clifford's favor.

Fantasy Records

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After CCR, Fantasy Records released several greatest-hits packages such as 1972'sCreedence Gold, 1973'sMore Creedence Gold and 1975'sPre-Creedence, a compilation album of the Golliwogs' early recordings. Fantasy also released the highly successful double albumChronicle, a collection of Creedence's twenty hit singles, in 1976. Several years later, the label released a live recording entitledThe Royal Albert Hall Concert. Contrary to its title, the 1970 performance was recorded inOakland, California, not at theRoyal Albert Hall inLondon. Subsequent issues of the original 1981 album have been retitled simplyThe Concert. Another double album of their best material was issued in 1986 asChronicle: Volume Two.

The success of CCR made Fantasy and Zaentz a great deal of money, and Fantasy built a new headquarters building in 1971 at 2600 Tenth Street inBerkeley, California.[33] Zaentz also used his wealth to produce a number of successful films, includingBest Picture Oscar winnersOne Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,Amadeus, andThe English Patient.

In 2004, Zaentz sold Fantasy toConcord Records. John Fogerty then purchased from Concord a majority stake in the global rights to the Creedence Clearwater Revival songs he had written.[34] In 2005, the label releasedThe Long Road Home, a collection of CCR and Fogerty solo classics. AfterRevival came out on the Fantasy label in October 2007 but before his following albumBlue Ridge Rangers Rides Again (a sequel to his 1973 album) was issued in 2009, Fogerty switched from Fantasy to his own label, Fortunate Son Records, distributed byVerve Forecast Records.

Reunions

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The original CCR lineup reunited just once for a performance after their breakup, at Tom Fogerty's wedding on October 19, 1980. Six years prior, all four members were present on the song "Mystic Aisle Avalon" on Tom's 1974 albumZephyr National, but John recorded his parts separately from everyone else. John, Cook, and Clifford played at their 20thEl Cerrito High School reunion in 1983, but as their original incarnation, the Blue Velvets. In the 1980s and 1990s, new rounds of lawsuits between the band members, as well as against their former management, deepened their animosities. By the time CCR was inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993, John refused to perform with Cook and Clifford. The pair were barred from the stage, while John played with an all-star band that includedBruce Springsteen andRobbie Robertson. Tom's widow Tricia had expected a CCR reunion and even brought the urn containing her husband's ashes to the ceremony. Furious, Cook and Clifford, who were seated with their families at a table across the room from Fogerty's, walked out of the ballroom just as the performance began, and would later write separate letters to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's board of directors, saying it was "hurtful" and "insulting" to allow the performance to continue without them.[35]

In a July 2011 interview with theCalgary Herald, John admitted that he would at least be willing to consider reuniting with Cook and Clifford:

Years ago, I looked at people and I was so full of some sort of emotion and I'd say, 'Absolutely not!' ... But I have to admit, people have asked me more recently, and even though I have no idea how such a series of events would come to pass, I can tell that there isn't the bombast in my voice, in the denial, in the refusal. It's more like, 'Well, I dunno.' Never say never is I guess is what people tell you. In this life, all kinds of strange things come to pass. Realizing that it doesn't really kick up a big firestorm of emotion, it kind of suggests that at least if someone started talking I'd sit still long enough to listen.[36]

When asked again in October 2011 about the prospect of a reunion, he said: "I'm saying it's possible, yeah. I think the call [laughs] would maybe have to come from outside the realm. Somebody would have to get me to look at things in a fresh way."[37] However, Cook and Clifford both stated in the February 2012 edition ofUncut magazine that they are not interested in a CCR reunion. "Leopards don't change their spots. This is just an image-polishing exercise by John. My phone certainly hasn't rung", Cook said. Added Clifford: "It might have been a nice idea twenty years ago, but it's too late."[38]

In May 2013, Fogerty once again said he would be open to a reunion, but he does not see Cook and Clifford being willing to change their stance. He toldCharlie Rose onCBS This Morning: "From time to time, I'll say something and it'll get in print that maybe that will happen, and then immediately I'll hear back stuff that doesn't sound like it's possible... I think it's a possibility in the future, you know. It's not something I'm actively seeking, but I'm not totally against the idea either."[39] In September 2017 Clifford again ruled out any chance of Cook and himself reuniting with John, restating, "It would have been great twenty, twenty-five years ago. It's way too late now."[40]

Musical style

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This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(March 2023)

Despite hailing from California, CCR "mythologized the American South with an exotic mixture ofblues,New Orleans R&B androckabilly," according toNPR.[41] According toAllMusic, CCR "created a unique synthesis of punchyrock & roll,swamp pop, blues, andcountry."[42] CCR has been cited as pioneers ofswamp rock[43] andcountry rock.[44] The band also playedroots rock,[45]blues rock,[46]Southern rock,[47]Americana[48] andblue-eyed soul.[49] The band often utilized lyrics aboutbayous,catfish, theMississippi River and other elements ofSouthern United States iconography. The band's songs rarely dealt with romantic love, concentrating instead on political and socially conscious lyrics about topics such as theVietnam War.[50]

Legal rights

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CCR's catalog of songs has frequently been used or referenced in popular culture, partly because John Fogerty signed away legal control of his old recordings to the band's record label, Fantasy Records.[51][52] In anNPR interview, Fogerty objected to what he regarded as a misuse of his music:

Folks will rememberForrest Gump and that was a great movie, but they don't remember all the really poor movies that Fantasy Records stuck Creedence music into: car commercials, tire commercials. I'm remembering apaint thinner ad at one point, the song "Who'll Stop the Rain." Oh, boy. That's clever, isn't it?[53]

Of particular interest was the use of his protest song "Fortunate Son" in ablue jeans commercial.[51] In this case, the advertiser eventually stopped using the song, as Fogerty related in a later interview:

Yes, the people that owned Fantasy Records also owned all my early songs, and they would do all kinds of stuff I really hated in a commercial way with my songs. Then one day somebody from theL.A. Times actually bothered to call me up and ask me how I felt, and I finally had a chance to talk about it. And I said I'm very much against my song being used to sell pants. So my position got stated very well in the newspaper, and lo and behold,Wrangler to their credit said, "Wow, even though we made our agreement with the publisher, the owner of the song, we can see now that John Fogerty really hates the idea," so they stopped doing it.[54]

Legacy

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Rolling Stone ranked CCR 82nd on its100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[55]In 2003,Rolling Stone's500 Greatest Albums of All Time list includedGreen River at number 95,[56]Cosmo's Factory at number 265,[57] andWilly and the Poor Boys at number 392.[58] The following year, on their500 Greatest Songs of All Time list,Rolling Stone included "Fortunate Son" at number 99, "Proud Mary" at number 155, "Who'll Stop the Rain" at number 188, and "Bad Moon Rising" at number 355.

"Fortunate Son" was added to theLibrary of Congress'National Recording Registry list of sound recordings that "are culturally, historically, or aesthetically important" in 2013.[59]

"Fortunate Son", "Proud Mary", andCosmo's Factory have all been inducted into theGrammy Hall of Fame.[60] "Proud Mary" is ranked at number 39 onVH1's "100 Greatest Rock Songs" list.[61] "Bad Moon Rising" is ranked at number 363 onNME's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list.[62]

Members

[edit]
  • Doug Clifford – drums, percussion, backing and occasional lead vocals (1959–1972, 1974, 1980, 1983)
  • Stu Cook – bass guitar, backing and occasional lead vocals, keyboards, rhythm and lead guitar (1959–1972, 1974, 1980, 1983)
  • John Fogerty – lead vocals, lead guitar, keyboards, harmonica, saxophone (1959–1972, 1974, 1980, 1983)
  • Tom Fogerty – rhythm guitar, backing and lead vocals (1959–1971, 1974, 1980; died 1990)

Discography

[edit]

Creedence Clearwater Revival discography

[edit]
Main article:Creedence Clearwater Revival discography

The Blue Velvets discography

[edit]
Singles[63]
TitleWriter(s)Catalog #RecordedLocationReleasedVocalsProducer
"Come on Baby"Tom FogertyOA-6177Fall 1961Orchestra Studios, Oakland, CaliforniaOctober 1961Tom Fogerty
"Oh My Love"Tom FogertyOA-6177Fall 1961Orchestra Studios, Oakland, CaliforniaOctober 1961Tom Fogerty
"Have You Ever Been Lonely"John FogertyOA-611010Late 1961Orchestra Studios, Oakland, CaliforniaEarly 1962Tom Fogerty
"Bonita"John and Tom FogertyOA-611010Late 1961Orchestra Studios, Oakland, CaliforniaEarly 1962Tom Fogerty
"Yes You Did"Tom FogertyOA-6252 2011962Orchestra Studios, Oakland, CaliforniaJune 1962Tom Fogerty
"Now You're Not Mine"John FogertyOA-6252 2011962Orchestra Studios, Oakland, CaliforniaJune 1962Tom Fogerty

The Golliwogs discography

[edit]
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TitleWriter(s)Catalog #RecordedStudioReleasedVocalsNotes
"Don't Tell Me No Lies"John and Tom FogertyFantasy 590Mid 1964Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaNovember 1964John and Tom Fogerty
"Little Girl (Does Your Momma Know)"John and Tom FogertyFantasy 590Mid 1964Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaNovember 1964Tom Fogerty
"Where You Been"John and Tom FogertyFantasy 597January 1965Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaApril 1965Tom Fogerty
"You Came Walking"John and Tom FogertyFantasy 597January 1965Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaApril 1965John and Tom Fogerty
"You Can't Be True"John and Tom FogertyFantasy 599April 1965Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaJuly 1965John Fogerty
"You Got Nothin' on Me"John and Tom FogertyFantasy 599April 1965Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaJuly 1965John and Tom Fogerty
"I Only Met You Just an Hour Ago"John and Tom FogertyApril 1965Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California2001John and Tom Fogerty
"Brown-Eyed Girl"John and Tom FogertyScorpio 404August 1965Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaNovember 1965John Fogerty
"You Better Be Careful"John and Tom FogertyScorpio 404August 1965Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaNovember 1965John Fogerty with Tom Fogerty
"Gonna Hang Around"John and Tom FogertyNovember 1965Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California2001John Fogerty
"Fight Fire"John and Tom FogertyScorpio 405February 1966Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaMarch 1966John Fogerty
"Fragile Child"John and Tom FogertyScorpio 405February 1966Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaMarch 1966John Fogerty
"Try Try Try"John and Tom FogertyFebruary 1966Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California2001John and Tom Fogerty
"She Was Mine"John and Tom FogertyEarly 1966Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California2001John Fogerty
"Instrumental No. 1"John and Tom FogertyEarly 1966Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California2001
"Action USA"radio promotional spotJune 1966
"Little Tina"John and Tom FogertyMid 1966Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California2001John Fogerty
"Walking on the Water"John and Tom FogertyScorpio 408August 1966Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaSeptember 1966John Fogertyre-recorded as "Walk on the Water" forCreedence Clearwater Revival
"You Better Get It Before It Gets You"John and Tom FogertyScorpio 408August 1966Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CaliforniaSeptember 1966John Fogerty
"Tell Me"John and Tom FogertyScorpio 410, cancelledMay 1967Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California2001John Fogerty
"You Can't Be True"John and Tom FogertyScorpio 410, cancelledMay 1967Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California2001John Fogerty
"Porterville"John FogertyScorpio 412October 1967Coast Recorders, San Francisco, CaliforniaNovember 1967[nb 2]John Fogertyproduced by John Fogerty, later released onCreedence Clearwater Revival
"Call it Pretending"John FogertyScorpio 412October 1967Coast Recorders, San Francisco, CaliforniaNovember 1967[nb 3]John Fogertyproduced by John Fogerty

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^One-off reunions: 1974, 1980, 1983
  2. ^Following its release as the A-side of the last Golliwogs single, this track was re-released, in January 1968, as the A-side of the first single credited to Creedence Clearwater Revival. In July 1968, it was included on Creedence Clearwater Revival's first album.
  3. ^Following its release as the B-side of the last Golliwogs single, this track was re-released, in January 1968, as the B-side of the first single credited to Creedence Clearwater Revival.

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^Cavanagh, David (July 18, 2014)."Creedence Clearwater Revival – the full story, by John Fogerty, Stu Cook and Doug Clifford".Uncut. RetrievedMarch 27, 2018.
  2. ^"Woodstock".history.com. History.com Editors. RetrievedMarch 24, 2021.
  3. ^ab"Creedence Clearwater Revival". Rockhall.com. RetrievedMarch 2, 2010.
  4. ^"John Fogerty Explains CCR's Hall of Fame Meltdown".Rolling Stone. October 6, 2015.
  5. ^Arian Smedley (February 27, 2008)."'Oldies' radio bracket expands one decade".Chicago Tribune. Archived fromthe original on December 11, 2008.
  6. ^"Gold & Platinum". RIAA. RetrievedJanuary 7, 2019.
  7. ^"Gold & Platinum".riaa.com. RetrievedMarch 24, 2021.
  8. ^Fong-Torres, Ben (April 5, 1969)."Creedence C'water At the Hop".Rolling Stone. No. 30. p. 9.
  9. ^"Fantasy Studios: Alive and Well in Berkeley". Crawdaddy.wolfgangsvault.com. August 6, 2008. Archived fromthe original on October 9, 2009. RetrievedMarch 2, 2010.
  10. ^Moskowitz, David V. (2015).The 100 Greatest Bands of All Time: A Guide to the Legends Who Rocked the World p. 166.ABC-CLIO.ISBN 978-1-4408-0340-6.
  11. ^Sullivan, James (May 14, 2010)."John Fogerty Sued for Plagiarizing ... Himself: Twisted Tales". Archived fromthe original on June 29, 2013.
  12. ^Lynskey, Dorian (May 29, 2013)."John Fogerty: 'I had rules. I wasn't embarrassed that I was ambitious'".The Guardian. RetrievedJuly 18, 2019.
  13. ^abcdGilliland, John (1969)."Show 54 - Hail, Hail, Rock 'N' Roll: Getting back to rock's funky, essential essence. [Part 3]"(audio).Pop Chronicles.University of North Texas Libraries.
  14. ^"MUSIC MUSIC;The Rolling, Uh, Pebbles?".Timesmachine.nytimes.com. RetrievedJune 19, 2023.[permanent dead link]
  15. ^abHank Bordowitz (2007).Bad Moon Rising: The Unauthorized History of Creedence Clearwater Revival. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Review Press, Incorporated. p. 64.ISBN 978-1-55652-661-9. RetrievedAugust 27, 2011.
  16. ^"WLS890 Hit Parade".Mike Gallant. October 14, 1968. RetrievedMarch 7, 2020.
  17. ^"Creedence Clearwater Revival scored their only U.K. No 1 single with "Bad Moon Rising".Pop Expresso. September 18, 2023.
  18. ^Fogerty & McDonough 2015, p. 259–260.
  19. ^Hank Bordowitz (2007).The Unauthorized History of Creedence Clearwater Revival Page 65. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Review Press, Incorporated. p. 65.ISBN 978-1-55652-661-9. RetrievedAugust 16, 2014.
  20. ^"The Ed Sullivan Show: Creedence Clearwater Revival / Jerry Lee Lewis". TV.com. Archived fromthe original on June 4, 2011. RetrievedMay 8, 2009.
  21. ^"Rock History - 1971 – John Fogerty is sued by the owners of Specialty Records". Thisdayinrock.com. October 14, 1971. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013. RetrievedOctober 24, 2013.
  22. ^"Creedence Clearwater Revival Photo Gallery : Rolling Stone".Rolling Stone. February 21, 1970. Archived fromthe original on April 12, 2009. RetrievedMay 8, 2009.
  23. ^"Most No. 2 Hits Without Reaching No. 1 By Artist".Billboard Magazine. Archived fromthe original(PHP) on December 28, 2012.
  24. ^"WLS Year Index". Oldiesloon. 1969–1971. RetrievedDecember 26, 2011.
  25. ^abcdFogerty & McDonough 2015.
  26. ^"Interview: Doug Clifford on CCR and John Fogerty".azcentral. RetrievedFebruary 13, 2022.
  27. ^"Creedence Clearwater Revival – the full story, by John Fogerty, Stu Cook and Doug Clifford".UNCUT. July 18, 2014. RetrievedDecember 25, 2023.
  28. ^"Creedence Clearwater Revival:Mardi Gras: Music Reviews: Rolling Stone".Rolling Stone. May 25, 1972. RetrievedMay 8, 2009.
  29. ^Billboard –. Nielsen Business Media. October 28, 1972. p. 16. RetrievedAugust 30, 2010 – viaInternet Archive.creedence splits.
  30. ^"Blue Moon Swamp Interview".POP. 1997. RetrievedMay 23, 2012.
  31. ^"'Travelin' Band: Creedence Clearwater Revival at the Royal Albert Hall' Captures The Band's Peak, Just Before Their Fall | Decider". September 23, 2022. RetrievedMarch 10, 2025.
  32. ^"John Fogerty: 'I had rules. I wasn't embarrassed that I was ambitious'".theguardian.com. 2013. RetrievedJuly 31, 2013.
  33. ^"Wareham Development". Warehamproperties.com. February 13, 2007. Archived fromthe original on July 25, 2011. RetrievedMay 8, 2009.
  34. ^Millman, Ethan (January 12, 2023)."Five Decades Later, John Fogerty Finally Gains Ownership of CCR Catalog".Rolling Stone.
  35. ^"These Guys' Bad Moon Rose a Loooong Time Ago".Los Angeles Times. January 31, 1993. RetrievedJune 11, 2021.
  36. ^"Fortunate son".Calgary Herald. July 11, 2011. Archived fromthe original on July 15, 2011. RetrievedJuly 11, 2011.
  37. ^"John Fogerty: My Anger Towards Creedence Bandmates Has Faded".Rolling Stone. October 25, 2011. RetrievedNovember 11, 2011.
  38. ^"Creedence Clearwater Revival Reunion: No Chance, Drummer and Bassist Say". Spinner. January 3, 2012. Archived fromthe original on April 11, 2013. RetrievedJanuary 4, 2012.
  39. ^"Creedence Clearwater Revival reunion a possibility". John Fogerty: Creedence Clearwater Revival reunion a possibility. May 20, 2013. RetrievedDecember 29, 2023.
  40. ^Varias, Chris (September 19, 2017)."Creedence Clearwater drummer: Woodstock 'was a nightmare'".The Cincinnati Enquirer. RetrievedNovember 7, 2017.
  41. ^Moon, Tom (August 2, 2019)."Creedence Clearwater Revival's 'Green River' At 50: Our Essential Guide To Early CCR". NPR. RetrievedSeptember 5, 2022.
  42. ^Unterberger, Richie."Creedence Clearwater Revival | Biography & History".AllMusic.
  43. ^Johnson, Anne E. (August 30, 2021)."Creedence Clearwater Revival: Kings of Swamp Rock". Copper. RetrievedSeptember 5, 2022.
  44. ^McDaniel, Randy (May 31, 2014)."Creedence Clearwater Revival Was Country Rock Before We Knew What Country Rock Was". KXRB. RetrievedSeptember 5, 2022.
  45. ^Roberts, Randall (August 13, 2016)."Listen to Ozomatli's Spanish-language tribute to CCR, and two live albums to put on your playlist".Los Angeles Times. RetrievedJanuary 6, 2021.
  46. ^Stephen A. King (June 1, 2011).I'm Feeling the Blues Right Now: Blues Tourism in the Mississippi Delta. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 52.ISBN 978-1-61703-011-6.
  47. ^Indianapolis Monthly. August 2006. p. 255.
  48. ^Starkey, Arun (November 26, 2024)."What is Americana music?".Far Out Magazine. RetrievedJanuary 7, 2025.
  49. ^Patton, Alli (August 30, 2022)."The Top 10 Need-to-Know Creedence Clearwater Revival Songs (That Aren't "Fortunate Son" or "Have You Ever Seen The Rain?")". American Songwriter. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2025.
  50. ^"Fortunate Son". snopes.com. July 14, 2014. RetrievedMarch 8, 2015.
  51. ^abBaker, Bob (November 1, 2002)."Fogerty to Wrangler: Song in ad 'ain't me' – SFGate". Articles.sfgate.com. RetrievedMarch 26, 2010.
  52. ^Baker, Bob (October 23, 2002)."Their 'Son' was Fogerty's baby; The last thing the singer wants is a Creedence corporate revival, but he doesn't own the rights, so 'Fortunate Son' now sells jeans".Los Angeles Times. Archived fromthe original on February 9, 2013. RetrievedMarch 29, 2010.
  53. ^Fogerty, John (December 16, 2005)."John Fogerty Travels 'The Long Road Home'". NPR. RetrievedMarch 26, 2010.
  54. ^"John Fogerty Experiences a Musical and Personal 'Revival'". Spinner. October 5, 2007. Archived fromthe original on May 12, 2008. RetrievedMarch 26, 2010.
  55. ^"100 Greatest Artists: Creedence Clearwater Revival".Rolling Stone. Archived fromthe original on October 16, 2011. RetrievedNovember 4, 2011.
  56. ^"Green River ranked no. 95". Rolling Stone. Archived fromthe original on September 2, 2011. RetrievedOctober 25, 2021.
  57. ^"Cosmo's Factory ranked no. 265". Rolling Stone. Archived fromthe original on September 2, 2011. RetrievedOctober 25, 2021.
  58. ^"Willy and the Poor Boys ranked no. 392". Rolling Stone. May 31, 2009. Archived fromthe original on September 2, 2011. RetrievedOctober 25, 2021.
  59. ^"National Recording Registry". Library of Congress. RetrievedOctober 25, 2021.
  60. ^"Grammy Hall of Fame List".Grammys. October 18, 2010. RetrievedOctober 25, 2021.
  61. ^"VH1: 100 Greatest Rock Songs". VH1. RetrievedOctober 25, 2021.
  62. ^"NME 500 Greatest Songs List". NME. February 11, 2014. RetrievedOctober 25, 2021.
  63. ^"Tommy Fogerty And The Blue Velvets Discography - All Countries - 45cat".45cat.com. RetrievedJune 11, 2021.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Fogerty, John; McDonough, Jimmy (2015).Fortunate Son: My Life, My Music. New York: Little, Brown.ISBN 978-0-316-35189-8.

External links

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