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| Emperor Thành Thái 成泰帝 | |||||||||||||||||
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.jpg) Emperor Thanh Thai in military costume | |||||||||||||||||
| Emperor of Đại Nam under French protectorate ofAnnam andTonkin | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 2 February 1889 – 3 September 1907 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Đồng Khánh | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Duy Tân | ||||||||||||||||
| Emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 2 February 1889 – 3 September 1907 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Đồng Khánh | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Duy Tân | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | (1879-03-14)March 14, 1879 Imperial City, Huế,Đại Nam | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | March 20, 1954(1954-03-20) (aged 75) Saigon,State of Vietnam | ||||||||||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | 12 concubines | ||||||||||||||||
| Issue | 50 including 22 princes and 28 princesses princeNguyễn Phúc Vĩnh San | ||||||||||||||||
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| House | Nguyễn Phúc | ||||||||||||||||
| Father | Dục Đức | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Empress DowagerTừ Minh | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Ruism | ||||||||||||||||
Thành Thái (Hanoi:[tʰajŋ̟˨˩tʰaːj˧˦],chữ Hán:成泰; 14 March 1879 – 20 March 1954) born Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Lân (阮福寶嶙), was the son of Vietnamese EmperorDục Đức and Empress DowagerTừ Minh.[1][2] He reigned as emperor for 18 years, from 1889 to 1907. Thành Thái was one of the three "patriotic emperors" in Vietnamese history, along withHàm Nghi andDuy Tân (his son), for their actions and views against French colonial rule in Vietnam.[3]
While the emperorTự Đức was alive, Prince Quang Thái was placed under house arrest with his family for having connections with those who opposed him. When the emperorĐồng Khánh died, however, the French colonial authorities and the high-rankingmandarins decided that Quang Thái was the ideal successor and enthroned him as the new Vietnamese emperor, Emperor Thành Thái.
At the age of 10, Thành Thái was recognized as being very intelligent and was already realizing that the French were keeping watch over him through palace spies. Whereas Đồng Khánh had tried to be friendly with the French, Emperor Thành Thái took a course of passive-resistance. Although he refrained from outright rebellion (which would have been political suicide), he made his feelings clear in other ways, symbolic gestures and biting remarks. He was also a man of the people, and a monarch who cared deeply for his country. The emperor would often slip out of theForbidden City dressed in the clothes of a commoner to talk with his people directly and see how they were being affected by government policies.
To show that he was friendly with Western civilization, Thành Thái was the first Vietnamese monarch to cut his hair in the French style and learn to drive a car. He encouraged French-style education, but maintained bitter feelings over their control of his country.[4] He also supported numerous building projects and took an interest in the everyday lives of his subjects. When traveling among his people, he would hold impromptu "town hall meetings" where the Emperor sat on a mat with his subjects in a circle around him, discussing the issues of the day and hearing their point of view.
Slowly, as the emperor began to realize how thoroughly his palace had been infiltrated with French spies, he had to feign insanity to escape their constant scrutiny. With his enemies believing he was a harmless lunatic, Thành Thái was able to push more forcefully for Vietnameseautonomy while waiting for the right time to overthrow the French colonial rule. He was on his way to join a resistance movement in China when he was arrested by French forces who declared him insane and forced the Emperor toabdicate.
In 1907, his son was installed as EmperorDuy Tân. Thành Thái was exiled first toVũng Tàu inSouth Vietnam and when Duy Tân rebelled against the French they were both exiled toRéunion Island in 1916.
UnlikeHàm Nghi, the lives of Thành Thái and Duy Tân were tough. They did not even have money to pay rent. In 1925, EmperorKhải Định knew his situation and sent 1,000piastres to him. Khải Định later occasionally gave him money.
He never gave up hope for the liberation of his country. In May 1947, he was allowed to return home, but was kept underhouse arrest in Vũng Tàu. He died inSaigon on 24 March 1954 and was buried on the grounds of An Lang (Tomb of Duc Duc) in an old commune,Hương Thủy district,Thừa Thiên Huế Province, at the age of 75.
There are now roads inVietnam named in his honour.
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Media related toEmperor Thành Thái at Wikimedia Commons
Thành Thái Born: 14 March 1869 Died: 24 March 1969 | ||
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| Preceded by | Emperor of Vietnam 1889–1907 | Succeeded by |
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