Texas Medical Center | |
|---|---|
Neighborhood | |
 Aerial view of the Texas Medical Center's main campus looking south fromHermann Park.Brays Bayou is visible at the top of the image. | |
 Interactive map of Texas Medical Center | |
| Coordinates:29°42′22″N95°24′32″W / 29.7061789°N 95.408837°W /29.7061789; -95.408837 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Texas |
| County | Harris |
| City |  Houston |
| Institution created | 1945 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Non-profit corporation |
| • Body | Texas Medical Center Corporation |
| Area | |
• Total | 4.93 sq mi (12.8 km2) |
| • TMC campus | 2.10 sq mi (5.4 km2) |
| Population (2012) | |
• Total | 20,866 |
| • Density | 4,230/sq mi (1,630/km2) |
| Figures for the combined Medical Center / Astrodome super neighborhood. | |
| ZIP Code | 77030 |
| Area codes | 281, 346, 713, 832 |
| Website | tmc |
TheTexas Medical Center (TMC) is aneighborhood in south-centralHouston, Texas, United States. It is immediately south of theMuseum District and west ofTexas State Highway 288.
Over 60 medical institutions, largely concentrated in a triangular area betweenBrays Bayou,Rice University, andHermann Park, are members of the Texas Medical Center Corporation—anon-profit umbrella organization—which constitutes the largest medical center and life science destination in the world. As the world's largest medical center, it is also nicknamed as the"Medical Mini-City".[1] The TMC has the world's highest density of clinical facilities for patient care, basicbiomedical sciences, andtranslational research.[2][3][4] The neighborhood is 2.1-square-mile (5.4 km2).[2]
The Texas Medical Center employs over 106,000 people, hosts 10 million patient encounters annually, and has agross domestic product of US$25 billion.[2] Over the decades, the TMC has expanded south of Brays Bayou towardNRG Park and the organization has developed plans for a new "innovation campus" south of the river.[5] The 4.93-square-mile (12.8 km2) Medical Center /Astrodome area, highly populated with medical workers, is home to over 20,000 people.[6][7]
The TMC is served by theMETRORail Red Line, a north-southlight rail route which connects the district toDowntown Houston and NRG Park.
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| Formation | 1945 |
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| Type | Non-profit |
| Location | |
President and Chief Executive Officer | William F. McKeon |
| Volunteers | 12,000 |
| Website | www |
The Texas Medical Center contains 54 medicine-related institutions, with 21 hospitals and eight specialty institutions, eight academic and research institutions, fourmedical schools, sevennursing schools, three public health organizations, two pharmacy schools and a dental school.[8] All 54 institutions arenot-for-profit. Among the affiliated medical schools areMcGovern Medical School,Baylor College of Medicine,University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston andTexas A&M College of Medicine. Some member institutions are located outside the city ofHouston.
In 2016, more heart surgeries were performed at the Texas Medical Center than anywhere else in the world with 13,600 heart surgeries annually. 180,000 annual surgeries were performed. The TMC performed one surgery every three minutes. Over 25,000 babies were delivered each year, more than one baby every 20 minutes. The Texas Medical Center offered over 9,200 total patient beds.[9]
The Center receives an average of 3,300 patient visits a day, and over eight million annual patient visits, including over 18,000 international patients. The TMC has over 750,000 ER visitors each year. In 2011, the center employed over 106,000 people, including 20,000 physicians, scientists, researchers and other advanced degree professionals in thelife sciences.[10] The TMC has over 160,000 visitors each day.
The Texas Medical Center houses the world's largest children's hospital (Texas Children's Hospital), as well as the world's largest cancer hospital (MD Anderson Cancer Center).
Texas Medical Center was established in 1945, in part by funds endowed to the M.D. Anderson Foundation by businessmanMonroe Dunaway Anderson.[11] The fund's first gift was a check of $1,000 to theJunior League Eye Fund for eyeglasses. In 1941, theTexas State Legislature granted funds to theUniversity of Texas for the purpose of starting a cancer research hospital. The M.D. Anderson Foundation matched the state's gift to the university by supplying funds and land on the condition that the hospital be established in Houston and named after its founder.
PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt approved the purchase of 118 acres (0.48 km2) from the estate of local entrepreneur George Hermann (namesake ofHermann Park) in 1944 for the construction of a 1,000-bednaval hospital in Houston. The hospital, later renamed theMichael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, opened in 1946 and became a teaching facility forBaylor College of Medicine. In 1946, several projects were approved for inclusion in the Texas Medical Center including:
M.D. Anderson Hospital for Cancer Research of the University of Texas began construction in 1953.Texas Children's Hospital admitted its first patient in 1954.
During the late 1950s, the Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research opened. The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston added the Gimbel Research Wing. Texas Woman's University Nursing Program began instruction.
In 1962, theTexas Heart Institute was chartered and became affiliated withBaylor St. Luke's Medical Center (known then as St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital) and Texas Children's Hospital.Ben Taub General Hospital of the Harris Health System (known then as Harris County Hospital District) opened in 1963.
TheTMC Library provides access to thousands of current digital books and journals and its John P. McGovern Historical Collections and Research Center houses rare medical books dating back to the 1500s, historical manuscripts such as the McGovern Collection on the History of Medicine, the Menninger Collection of Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis, and theAtomic Bomb Casualty Commission which recorded the aftereffects of theatomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
In 1993, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center began a $248.6-million expansion project which constructed an inpatient pavilion with 512 beds, two research buildings, an outpatient clinic building, a faculty office building, and a patient-family hotel. From 2005 to present, the George and Cynthia Mitchell Basic Sciences Research Building, the Ambulatory Clinical Building, the Cancer Prevention Center and a new research building on the South Campus opened. The Proton Therapy Center, the largest facility in the United States whereproton therapy is used to treat cancer, opened in July 2006.[12]
In 2001, the Texas Medical Center was devastated byTropical Storm Allison, which flooded basements and the first floors with 18 inches of water.[13] This resulted in retrofitting of storm doors and barriers to prevent future flooding.
TheMemorial Hermann Healthcare System constructed the six-floor, 165,000-square-foot (15,300 m2) Memorial Hermann Heart & Vascular Institute. Also recently completed around 2006 was the 30-story Memorial Hermann Medical Plaza, which is now the largest medical office building in the Texas Medical Center. At night, it became recognizable by its unique rainbow lantern.[14] The construction was part of the system's citywide "Century Project" initiative.
In 2005, Baylor College of Medicine opened the Baylor Clinic.
The Texas Children's Hospital announced the largest investment and program expansion ever by a single pediatric organization. The $1.5 billion, four-year initiative was targeted for completion in 2010 and focused on research and accessibility. Major projects included the development of the neurological research institute ($215 million), the formation of a maternity center ($575 million), and the expansion of existing research facilities ($120 million). Texas Children's was undertaking the development of one of the largest pediatric hospitals in a suburban setting ($220 million). The remainder of the expenditures were earmarked for new equipment and information systems.[15]
In 2010, theUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, including theJohn Sealy Hospital, became the 49th member of the Texas Medical Center and the first member-institution located outside the City of Houston.[16][17][18]
Texas Medical Center–West Campus, serving residents of greater west Houston and adjacent areas, opened in January, 2011. Representing an initial investment of more than half a billion dollars, and almost 1.2 million square feet of healthcare development, the first two facilities to open in the new campus were the Texas Children’s Hospital and The Houston Methodist West Hospital. Texas Children’s West Campus is among the nation’s largest suburbanpediatric hospitals.[19]
In 2012, Texas Medical Center added theShriners Hospitals for Children inGalveston, which treats pediatric trauma burns, as its 50th member institution.[20]
In 2016, Texas Medical Center addedSan José Clinic, the community's leading charity care clinic, as a member institution. Denise Castillo-Rhodes, executive vice president and chief financial officer of the Texas Medical Center, as well as a volunteer for San José Clinic noted when it became a member of TMC: "San José Clinic serves a very important role in our community. Thus, it is a natural next step for the Clinic to join the Texas Medical Center as its newest member, as it continues to grow and provide extraordinary healthcare and education at affordable prices.".[21]
In 2020,Texas A&M announced plans to build a $550 million complex on the southern side of the TMC including academic, medical office, and housing buildings.[22]
On June 24, 2020, the Texas Medical Center released data showing a 97% capacity in its ICU facilities due to theCOVID-19 crisis.[23] The Texas Medical Center has been a forefront of helping COVID-19 victims in Houston during the pandemic.
The Texas Medical Center (TMC) in Houston is the largest medical complex in the world, comprising 21 hospitals, 8 specialty institutions, 8 academic and research institutions, 4 medical schools, 3 nursing schools, 2 pharmacy schools, and 1 dental school. Additionally, The Texas Medical Center (TMC) hosts over 400biotech and healthcare startups, alongside numerous major pharmaceutical companies, making it a leading hub for medical innovation.[24]
1.Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center
2.Ben Taub General Hospital
3.Houston Methodist Hospital
4.John Sealy Hospital
5.Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center
6.Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital
7.Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center
8.Rebecca Sealy Hospital
9.Shriner's Hospital for Children — Galveston
10.Shriners Hospitals for Children — Houston
11.Texas Children's Hospital
12.TIRR Memorial Hermann
13.The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
14.St. Dominic Village
15.San Jose Clinic
16.Houston Hospice
17.Harris Health System
18.The Menninger Clinic
19.Houston Methodist Sugar Land Hospital
20.Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital
21.Houston Methodist West Hospital
1.Baylor College of Medicine2.University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston3.Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences and Technology4.Rice University - BioScience Research Collaborative5.University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center6.University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston7.Texas Woman's University Institute of Health Sciences8.Houston Methodist Research Institute
1.Baylor College of Medicine2.McGovern Medical School3.Texas A&M School of Medicine4.University of Houston College of Medicine5.University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
1.Prairie View A&M College of Nursing2.Texas Woman's University College of Nursing3.Cizik School of Nursing at UTHealth4. Houston Community College
1.University of Houston College of Pharmacy2.Texas Southern University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
1.UTHealth School of Dentistry
The Texas Medical Center is a dense agglomeration of hospitals, schools, and ancillary businesses clustered on a triangular piece of land bordered byRice University and the neighborhood ofSouthampton to the west,Brays Bayou to the south and east, andHermann Park to the north. With 106,000 employees, the TMC has an employment density of approximately 50,475 per square mile (19,489/km2). The Texas Medical Center Corporation has compared its dense cityscape to theChicago Loop andLower Manhattan.[25]
The core of the TMC is serviced by three large arterial roads. Main and Fannin streets run southwest to northeast, while Holcombe Boulevard runs west to east. The Texas Medical Center is one of the few employment centers in Houston which is not directly serviced by a freeway; the nearest freeway isTexas State Highway 288, located to the east of Hermann Park. To compensate, the TMC has developed strong transit connections; the entirety of the district is serviced by theMETRORail Red Line, which runs along Fannin. Rail stops in the Medical Center includeMemorial Hermann Hospital/Houston Zoo,Dryden/TMC, and theTexas Medical Center Transit Center, which doubles as a hub for local bus routes. These three stops are the busiest stations on the Red Line; ultimately, the district's bus, light rail, and shuttle services deliver nearly 65,000 trips per day to and from the area.[26]
In the 2010s, rapid development within the Medical Center began to strain existing transportation infrastructure; theaverage daily traffic on Fannin Street and nearby arterial Kirby Drive is expected to double by 2035.[27] New development during the first half of the decade is expected to require an additional 50,000 parking spaces to meet demand.[27] Solutions to the district's traffic problems include expanding existing arterial roads, boosting transit capacity, and constructing new contract parking lots on the outskirts.[27]
The Third Ward Redevelopment Council defines the TMC as being part of theThird Ward. T. R. Witcher of theHouston Press wrote in 1995 that the TMC and nearby areas are "not the first places that come to mind when you say "Third Ward,"[...]".[28]
The Texas Medical Center Corporation is headquartered at the John P. McGovern Campus on Holcombe Boulevard southeast of Hermann Park, adjacent to theMichael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center.[29] TheUnited States Postal Service operates the Medical Center Station on Almeda Road, andHarris County Public Library operates the Texas Medical Center Library near the Baylor School of Medicine.[30][31]
TheHouston Fire Department Station 33 Medical Center, a part of Fire District 21,[32] is near the Texas Medical Center at 7100 Fannin at South Braeswood Boulevard. The original Firehouse 33 was one of the last stations to be housed in an original volunteer fire station. The original Station 33 was the city hall/fire station of Braeswood. The City of Houston annexed the area in 1950. The current Fire Station 33 opened one block from the original station in August 2004. The city relinquished its ownership of the original fire station.[33]
The Texas Medical Center is within theHouston Police Department's South Central Patrol Division.[34]
Formerly TMC had its own employee housing, Laurence H. Favrot Tower Apartments, which accommodated TMC employees and their dependents.[35] On August 31, 2012 the complex closed.[36] Dependent children living there were within theHouston Independent School District (HISD) and zoned to Roberts Elementary School inSouthgate,[37]Ryan Middle School in theThird Ward,[38] andLamar High School inUpper Kirby.[39]
Formerly known as the Doctors Orchestra of Houston, the Texas Medical Center Orchestra was established in November 2000 and is one of the feworchestras in the world that originated from health professions. Members of the orchestra include physicians, dentists, nurses, medical students, biomedical scientists, social workers and other health professionals.[40]
The mission of the orchestra is to provide health care professionals with a high-quality outlet for creative expression through the world of symphonic music; perform regularly at affordable concerts that are open to the public and in an accessible venue; attract a diverse audience by commitments to select popular programming reflecting Houston’s diversity; and bring public attention to, and provide programmatic support for, medically related and/or educational charities.[41]
Organizations which have received contributions include: The University of Texas Medical School for heart research; The Ben Taub BOOKS programs; The H.O.M.E.S Clinic; Making a Mark Art Program at Texas Children’s Hospital; HISD's DeBakey High School for Health Professions; Eye Care for Kids Foundation; The Greater Houston Chapter of the American Red Cross; The National Space Biomedical Research Institute; San Jose Clinic; Haddassah; and The Dr. Marnie Rose Foundation.[42][43]
In an effort to increase appreciation for classical music in young audiences,Texas Medical Center Orchestra has developed a close relationship with the charter school, KIPP SHARP ofKIPP Houston.[44] By coordinating efforts with KIPP SHARP teachers and administrators, TMCO has integrated its musical programming into the school's curriculum. Works that the orchestra performs are taught and discussed in history, art and music classes. The students are invited to display artwork and essays in the Wortham lobby at TMCO concerts, and they are encouraged to attend with their families. TMCO has included KIPP choirs and orchestras in concert performances.[42]
In 2011, TMCO began working with theNational Multiple Sclerosis Society, Lone Star Chapter in an annual co-sponsorship of a bicycle ride, "Gran Fondo: Texas TMCO" that precedes theMS150 and benefits both organizations.
When the COVID-19 pandemic hit in 2020, the Texas Medical Center Orchestra was invited to perform Diane Warren's Oscar-nominated song, "I'm Standing With You" in amonumental music video that featured more than 170 artists from six continents. Warren teamed up with director Gev Miron and composer/arranger Sharon Farber to put this effort together, which has raised over $7 million for the United Nations Foundation’s COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund for the World Health Organization (WHO).
The City of Houston defines an area around the Texas Medical Center as the Medical Center Super Neighborhood.[45] In 2015 that area had 2,717 residents. 52% were non-Hispanic white, 16% each were non-Hispanic Black and Asian, 12% were Hispanics, and 4% were non-Hispanic other. In 2000, the area had 2,358 residents. 47% were non-Hispanic white, 33% were non-Hispanic Asian, 10% were Hispanic, 8% were non-Hispanic Black, and 2% were non-Hispanic other.[46]
The main TMC area is within theHouston Independent School District (HISD).
Melinda Webb School, a private school for deaf infants to 7 years old, is located in the TMC;[47] it is operated by the Center for Hearing and Speech and was previously at 3636 W. Dallas.[48] The school serves as a day school for children not yet mainstreamed into regular classrooms and a speech and therapy center for those that are. Previously known as the Houston School for Deaf Children, it was given its current name, after a deaf girl, in 1997.[49] The girl died ofleukemia circa 1958; a former student of the school, she had been the first area deaf child to be mainstreamed into a public school, as she began attending one inTexas City in 1954. Her father, Frank Webb, donated $1 million to what became the Melinda Webb School in 2002.[48] That year its enrollment was 35-40.[49] In 2020 it began admitting preschool students without hearing difficulties to provide a more mainstream environment.[47]
Medical CenterCharter School opened in 1996,[50] catered to employees working in the Medical Center, and had theMontessori method,[51] used until grade two. Its specialty as of 2003 was foreign languages.[52] It was not located near the TMC area but in theWestbury area.[53] In 2014, theTexas Education Agency (TEA) announced that the school's performance was insufficient and that it sought to revoke its charter.[50] By 2018, its charter had closed.[54]
Christian churches near the TMC include City Life Church,Palmer Memorial Episcopal Church,[55]St. Mathew's Lutheran church,[55]St. Paul's United Methodist Church,[56] andSt. Vincent de Paul Roman Catholic Church (of theGalveston-Houston Archdiocese).[57] Nine churches established the Church Apartment Ministry, which maintains three apartment complexes for families visiting hospitalized patients.[58]
There is a Jewish house of worship, Medical Center Chabad House, which maintains the Aishel House program.[59]
TheIslamic Society of Greater Houston (ISGH) maintains the Al-Ma'adahMusalla (Medical Center Musalla), a prayer area.[60]
The Weekley FamilyYMCA is in the area. It opened in 1951 as the Southwest YMCA,[61] inWest University Place. The current facility inBraeswood Place, Houston broke ground in 2001.[62]
In 2023, Helix Park opened as part of the Texas Medical Center complex with six parks shaped around a double-helix and a campus collaboration building. The park is a center for connections, events, and outdoor respite in the heart of the life science center.[63]
To the southwest, across Highway 288, lie [...] the towers of the Texas Medical Center, Houston's largest employment center -- not the first places that come to mind when you say "Third Ward," but which the redevelopment council includes as part of the community.
[...]Palmer Memorial Episcopal Church near the Texas Medical Center.
St. Paul's United Methodist Church near the Medical Center[...]
St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church, near the Medical Center, [...]
Al-Ma'adah Musalla (Medical Center Musalla) Address: 6923 Almeda RD Houston TX, 77021
[...]his the YMCA that has serves [sic] the [...] Texas Medical Center,[...]
29°42′34″N95°23′53″W / 29.70951°N 95.39818°W /29.70951; -95.39818
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| National | |
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