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| Tetuani | |
|---|---|
| Region | now mostlyIsrael[citation needed] |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
| IETF | lad-DZ |
Tetuani (orTétouani;Arabic:تطوانى; orHaketia) is a variant or dialect ofHaketia, a form ofLadino (Judaeo-Spanish)—Ibero-Romance as spoken bySephardic Jews—associated with and historically spoken byTetuani Jews, a mainlySephardic community with ties to the city ofTetuan inMorocco. It containedArabic andHebrew elements.[1][2][3]
Spanish as spoken by theJewish community of Tetuan went through a process of re-Hispanisation starting in the 19th century, whereby various linguistic aspects of Haketia were influenced byCastilian Spanish.[1] According to Isaac Guershon, this process was sustained by Jewish merchants' commerce between western Mediterranean cities, especially between Tetuan andGibraltar.[1] Tetuani Jews came to pronounces 's' and 'j' according to the new Castilian pronunciation, for example.[1]
This process was greatly accelerated by theHispano-Moroccan War (1859–1860) and the Spanish occupation of Tetuan (February 6, 1860 – May 1862).[1] According to Moisés Orfali, the establishment of theSpanish protectorate in northern Morocco was the "mortal blow" to Haketia, and by the 1920s, texts published about Haketia could be considered documentation of a dying language.[1]
The Asociación Hispanojudía de Tetuan sought to teach 'pure Castilian'.[1]
Following theFrench conquest of Algeria, a number of northern Moroccan and especially Tetuani Jews migrated to the port city ofOran.[4][5]Tetuani was used to refer to theHaketia spoken in that city.[6]
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