Teplice is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) west ofÚstí nad Labem and 72 km (45 mi) northwest ofPrague. The northern part of the municipal territory lies in theMost Basin and the southern part lies in theCentral Bohemian Uplands. The highest point is the hill Doubravská hora at 393 m (1,289 ft) above sea level. There are several small fishponds in the territory of Teplice.
According to the 1541Annales Bohemorum by chroniclerWenceslaus Hajek, thethermal springs are fabled to have been discovered as early as 762; however, the first authentic mention of the baths occurred in the 16th century. The settlement of Trnovany was first documented in a 1057 deed, while Teplice proper was first mentioned in 1154, whenJudith of Thuringia, queen consort of KingVladislaus II of Bohemia, founded aBenedictine convent near the hot springs, the second inBohemia.[4] A fortified town arose around the monastery, which was destroyed in the course of theHussite Wars after the 1426Battle of Aussig. In the late 15th century, queen consortJoanna of Rožmitál, wife of KingGeorge of Poděbrady, had a castle erected on the ruins.
Teplice figures in the history of theThirty Years' War (1618–1648), when it was a possession of theProtestant Bohemian nobleVilém Kinský, who was assassinated together with GeneralissimoAlbrecht von Wallenstein inCheb in 1634. TheHabsburg emperorFerdinand II thereafter enfeoffed castle and town to his generalJohann von Aldringen, who nevertheless was killed in battle in the same year, and Teplice fell to his sister Anna Maria von Clary-Aldringen. Consequently, and until 1945, Teplice Castle was the primarily seat of theprincely House ofClary-Aldringen. After the Thirty Years' War, the devastated town was the destination of many German settlers.
Memorial to fallen pilots of the 15th division of the US Air Force
AfterWorld War II, the Czechoslovak government enacted theBeneš decrees, whereafter the German-speaking majority of the population wasexpelled from Teplice. In 1945, the Princes of Clary-Aldringen, lords of Teplice since 1634, wereexpropriated.
In 1994,Jaroslav Kubera of theODS became mayor of Teplice and he held the position until 2018.
The largest employers based in the city areAGC Flat Glass Czech (manufacturer of flat glass for the construction and automotive industries) and Severočeská servisní (a company that deals with construction and maintenance of pipelines), both with more than 1,000 employees.[10]
The city used to be nicknamed "Little Paris" and "Salon of Europe" for its spa architecture and cultural level until World War II, when it has been visited by prominent personalities including emperors, artists and other celebrities.[14] The opening of the spa season is an annual three-day celebration with a rich cultural program.[15]
The main venue for cultural events in the city isDům kultury Teplice ('House of Culture Teplice'). It was built in 1981–1986. It includes a concert hall, a hall for dance activities, a cinema, and a puppet theatre.[16]
TheKrušnohorské Theatre is the city's main venue foroperas and plays. It was opened in 1924. The theatre had its own operetta troupe, but it ceased to exist in 1994, and since then only guest troupes have performed in the theatre.[17]
Teplice is the home of theNorth Czech Philharmonic Teplice, which was founded in 1838. Performances regularly take place in the concert hall of the House of Culture Teplice.[18]
The main landmark is Teplice Castle. It houses a regional museum with historic castle interiors and a library. In the inner courtyard of the castle, there is a unique Romanesque exposition with the remains of QueenJudith and the remains of a Romanesque basilica with a rarely preserved Romanesque crypt. Adjoining the castle is a large castle garden.[19]
The Church of Saint John the Baptist is a baroque building from 1594, rebuilt in 1703 to its current form. Its tower is open to the public and serves as a lookout tower.[20]
The neo-Gothic Church of Saint Bartholomew was built in 1884 for German population of Lutheran faith. After their expulsion, the church changed owners several times and ceased to serve its purpose. Today it is conserved as a cultural monument and there are expositions concerning the history of the Jewish community in Teplice, and other.[21]
Doubravka Castle is a castle ruin located in Trnovany part of Teplice. It was built in 1483 and conquered in 1639 during the Thirty Years' War. The castle began to serve as a destination for walks and in the 19th century, a restaurant and the neo-Gothic extension were built. Today there is a restaurant and a private lookout tower.[22]
^"Historie" (in Czech). Lázně Teplice. Retrieved25 November 2021.
^Fidler, Jiří; Sluka, Václav (2006).Encyklopedie branné moci Republiky Československé (in Czech). Libri.ISBN80-7277-256-2.
^Osterloh, Jörg (2015). "Sudetenland". In Gruner, Wolf; Osterloh, Jörg (eds.).The Greater German Reich and the Jews: Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935–1945. War and Genocide. Translated by Heise, Bernard. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 68–98.ISBN978-1-78238-444-1.
^Kocourek, Ludomír (1997). "Das Schicksal der Juden im Sudetengau im Licht der erhaltenen Quellen" [The Fate of the Jews in Sudetengau in Light of the Surviving Sources].Theresienstädter Studien und Dokumente (in German) (4):86–104.CEEOL155844.
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