| Tensor fasciae latae | |
|---|---|
 The tensor fasciae latae and nearby muscles | |
| Details | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈtɛnsərˈfæʃiiˈleɪti/ |
| Origin | Iliac crest |
| Insertion | Iliotibial tract (via greater trochanter) |
| Artery | Primarilylateral circumflex femoral artery,superior gluteal artery |
| Nerve | Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) |
| Actions | Hip -flexion,medial rotation,abduction,knee -lateral rotation,torso - stabilization |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | musculus tensor fasciae latae |
| TA98 | A04.7.02.010 |
| TA2 | 2602 |
| FMA | 22423 |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
Thetensor fasciae latae (ortensor fasciæ latæ or, formerly,tensor vaginae femoris) is amuscle of thethigh. Together with thegluteus maximus, it acts on and is continuous with theiliotibial band, which attaches to thetibia. The muscle assists in keeping the balance of thepelvis while standing, walking, or running.
The tensor fasciae lataearises from the anterior part of the outer lip of theiliac crest; from the outer surface of theanterior superior iliac spine, and part of the outer border of the notch below it, between thegluteus medius andsartorius; and from the deep surface of thefascia lata.
The tensor fasciae lataeis inserted between the two layers of the iliotibial tract of the fascia lata about the junction of the middle and upper thirds of the thigh. It tautens the iliotibial tract and braces the knee, especially when the opposite foot is lifted.[1] The terminal insertion point lies on thelateral condyle of the tibia.[2]
Tensor fasciae latae is innervated by thesuperior gluteal nerve, L5 and S1. At its origins of the anterior rami of L4, L5, and S1 nerves, the superior gluteal nerve exits the pelvis via greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis. The nerve also courses between the gluteus medius and minimus. The superior gluteal artery also supplies the tensor fasciae latae.[1] The superior gluteal nerve arises from the sacral plexus and only has muscular innervation associated with it. There is nocutaneous innervation for sensation that stems from the superior gluteal nerve.[2]
The tensor fasciae latae is a tensor of thefascia lata; continuing its action, the oblique direction of its fibers enables it to stabilize the hip in extension (assists gluteus maximus during hip extension). The fascia lata is a fibrous sheath that encircles the thigh like a subcutaneous stocking and tightly binds its muscles. On the lateral surface, it combines with the tendons of the gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae to form the iliotibial tract, which extends from the iliac crest to the lateral condyle of the tibia.[1]
In the erect posture, acting from below, it will serve to steady the pelvis upon thehead of the femur; and by means of the iliotibial tract it steadies thecondyles of thefemur on the articular surfaces of the tibia, and assists the gluteus maximus in supporting the knee in a position of extension.
The basic functional movement of tensor fasciae latae is walking. The tensor fasciae latae is heavily utilized inhorse riding,hurdling, andwater skiing. Some problems that arise when this muscle is tight or shortened are pelvic imbalances that lead to pain in the hips, as well as pain in the lower back and lateral area of knees.[3]
Because of its insertion point on the lateral condyle of the tibia, it also aids in the lateral rotation of the tibia. This lateral rotation may be initiated in conjunction with hip abduction and medial rotation of the femur while kicking a soccer ball. The tensor fasciae latae works in synergy with the gluteus medius andgluteus minimus muscles to abduct and medially rotate the femur.
The TFL is a hip abductor muscle. To stretch the tensor fasciae latae, the knee may be brought medially across the body (adducted). If one leans against a wall with crossed legs (externally/laterally rotated hips) and pushes the pelvis away from the wall (leaning the upper body towards it) sidebending the lumbar spine (i.e.: curving the spine to the side) should be avoided as it stretches the lumbar region rather than the tensor fasciae latae and other muscles which cross the hip rather than the spine.[citation needed]
A small case notes that “it seems possible that a sloped or banked surface could predispose an individual to a TFL strain.”[4] In such a case, “treatment usually consists of rest, heat, and flexibility exercises”,[4] such as lliotibial band stretching.
"Tensor fasciae latae" translates from Latin to English as "stretcher of the side band". "Tensor" is an agent noun that comes from the past participle stem "tens-" of the Latin verb "tendere", meaning "to stretch".[5] "Fasciae" is the Latin term for "of the band" and is in the singular genitive case. "Latae" is the respective singular, genitive, feminine form of the Latin adjective "latus" meaning "side".[6][7]
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This article incorporates text in thepublic domain frompage 476 of the 20th edition ofGray's Anatomy(1918)
