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Telephone numbers in Soviet Union

Location of the Soviet Union afterWorld War II (dark green)
Country	Soviet Union
Continent	Europe
Numbering plan type	Open
NSN length	8~10
Format	various, see text
Country code	7
International access	8~10
Long-distance	8

Thetelephone numbering plan of the USSR was a set of telephone area codes, numbers and dialing rules, which operated in theSoviet Union until the 1990s. After thecollapse of the USSR, many newly independent republics implemented their own numbering plans. However, many of the principles of the Soviet numbering plan still remain.^{[citation needed]} The former Soviet country code 7 is still retained byRussia andKazakhstan.

The Soviet Union used a four-level open numbering plan. The long-distance prefix was8.

1. Local numbers could be dialed directly, and usually consisted of 5-7 digits, with seven-digit numbers only occurring inMoscow (since 1968),Leningrad (since 1976) andKiev (since 1981). If the internal number of the regional center had less than 7 digits, then its intercity code was supplemented with numbers (usually2 for the administrative center,6 for the second largest city).

   For example, with the code423 ofPrimorsky Krai:423 22 was the code ofVladivostok, while423 66 was the code ofNakhodka.

2. Within the same numbering area (most often within the state or region) the pattern was:8 2X YYYYYY, where 2 replaced the three-digit area code.

   For example:8 2 24 XXXXX for a call to the city ofKlin, Klinsky District, Moscow Oblast from Moscow and the Moscow Oblast.

3. For calls to other areas, one had to first dial long-distance prefix 8, then, after the tone, the full code of the numbering area, which consisted of a three-digit code and zone additional digit(X), and then the local phone number.

   For example:8 096 24 XXXXX for a call to the city ofKlin, Klinsky District, Moscow Oblast from other regions.

4. For international calls, one should dial8 10 [country code] [code] [phone number].

   For example:8 10 1 212 XXXXXXX for a call toNew York City.

   Also:8 10 359 2 XXXXXX for a call to the city ofSofia.

Emergency numbers in the USSR began with0 and had two digits. When one called the emergency numbers, no tariff was charged. (However, in Moscow in the late 1980s calling emergency services from a payphone was not free, despite the declared free-of-charge numbers.)

• 01 - Fire brigade
• 02 - Police
• 03 - Ambulance
• 04 - Gas leaks
• 05 was used in some major cities as a city certificate of addresses of residents or organizations
• 06 was used in many cities (and in some cases is still^[1]) for reception of telegrams through the home telephone
• 07 was used to order long-distance calls through the operator
• 08 was used and continues to be used^[2] to contact the telephone repair bureau
• 09 was a telephone directory service (search for a phone by the name of the organization or the subscriber).^[3]

In addition, inMoscow there was and continues to operate a toll-free telephone number 100 to get the current time. The free telephone service of the exact time is preserved in also other cities of Russia; for example in Kaliningrad this number is 060.

Area codes were assigned geographically, so that neighboring regions usually had close area code numbers.

Area codes with 0 denotes the republics and Oblasts of the European part of the USSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, these codes in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine were preserved, with minor changes. Area codes inUkraine andBelarus later dropped initial 0. In Russia, in December 2005 the leading zero in the Oblastal area codes was replaced by a 4 with the next 2 numbers same (exceptKaliningrad Oblast turning from 011 to 401 as 411 is in use).

• 411 -Yakut ASSR, Russian SFSR
• 413 -Magadan, Russian SFSR
• 415 -Kamchatka, Russian SFSR
• 416 -Amur Oblast, Russian SFSR
• 421 -Khabarovsk Krai, Russian SFSR
• 423 -Primorsky Krai, Russian SFSR
• 424 -Sakhalin Oblast, Russian SFSR
• 432 -Krasnovodskaya Oblast, Turkmenia
• 436 -Navoiy Region, Uzbekistan

After thebreakup of the Soviet Union, except for Russia and Kazakhstan, every otherpost Soviet state adopted a newtelephone country code.

• 370 assigned toLithuania in 1993
• 371 assigned toLatvia in 1993
• 372 assigned toEstonia in 1993
• 373 assigned toMoldova in 1993
• 374 assigned toArmenia in 1995
• 375 assigned toBelarus in 1995
• 380 assigned toUkraine in 1995
• 7 retained byRussia andKazakhstan
• 992 assigned toTajikistan in 1998
• 993 assigned toTurkmenistan in 1998
• 994 assigned toAzerbaijan in 1998
• 995 assigned toGeorgia in 1998
• 996 assigned toKyrgyzstan in 1998
• 997 reserved forKazakhstan in 2021 but was not implemented; as of 2025 Kazakhstan continues to share 7 with Russia
• 998 assigned toUzbekistan in 1998

• Telecommunications in Russia

• РУКОВОДЯЩИЙ ДОКУМЕНТ ПО ОБЩЕГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СИСТЕМЕ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ ТЕЛЕФОННОЙ СВЯЗИ (ОГСТфС) Книга I(in Russian)
• https://web.archive.org/web/20120818213319/http://code.agava.ru/sngsity/sng01.htm
• https://web.archive.org/web/20100428003821/http://phonecodes.by.ru/01.html
• https://web.archive.org/web/20080625005301/http://www.scross.ru/guide/phone-local/

• Russia communications-related lists
• Soviet Union-related lists
• Communications in the Soviet Union
• Telephone numbers by country

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