Telecommunications in Kenya include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.
Radios:3.07 million (1997).[needs update]
Television sets:730,000 (1997).[needs update]
Television is the main news source in cities and towns. TV in rural areas is limited by lack of reliable electricity and radio listening dominates in rural areas, where most Kenyans live. A switchover to digital TV is under way. Satellite pay-TV is offered by the Wananchi Group, which operates Zuku TV, and by South Africa'sMultiChoice. Entertainment, music and phone-ins dominate the radio scene, which includes Islamic stations and stations broadcasting in local languages.[2]
TheBBC World Service is available inNairobi,Mombasa, andKisumu.[2]
The state-runKenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) is funded from advertising revenue and from the government.[2]
| Position | Channel | Share of total viewing (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Citizen TV | 24.0 |
| 2 | NTV | 9.4 |
| 3 | KTN | 8.7 |
| 4 | KTN News | 7.9 |
| 5 | K24 | 6.8 |
| 6 | Maisha Magic East | 6.1 |
| 7 | Inooro TV | 4.9 |
| 8 | KBC | 4.2 |
| 9 | Al Jazeera | 3.9 |
| 10 | Kass TV | 3.3 |
Calling code: +254[1]
International call prefix: 000[3]
Main lines:
Mobile Cellular:
Telephone system: inadequate; fixed-line telephone system is small and inefficient; trunks are primarilymicrowave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by avery small aperture terminal (VSAT) system; sole fixed-line provider, Telkom Kenya, is slated for privatization; multiple providers in the mobile-cellular segment of the market fostering a boom in mobile-cellular telephone usage with teledensity reaching 65 per 100 persons (2011).[1]
Communications cables: landing point for theEastern Africa Submarine Cable System (EASSy),The East African Marine System (TEAMS), andSEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems (2011).[1]
Satellite earth stations: 4Intelsat (2011).[1]
Fixed broadband: 43,013 subscriptions, 115th in the world; 0.1% of the population, 167th in the world (2012).[5][7]
Wireless broadband: 954,896 subscriptions, 72nd in the world; 2.2% of the population, 124th in the world (2012).[8]
Internet hosts: 71,018 hosts, 88th in the world (2012).[1]
IPv4: 1.7 million addresses allocated, 68th in the world, less than 0.05% of the world total, 38.5 addresses per 1000 people (2012).[9][10]
Internet Service Providers:66 ISPs (2014).[needs update]
Kenya was rated as "partly free" in the 2009 and 2011Freedom on the Net reports fromFreedom House with scores of 34 and 32 which is much closer to the "free" rating that ends at 30 then it is to the "not free" rating that starts at 60.[11] In 2012 and 2013 the rating improved to "free" with scores of 29 and 28.[12]
The government does not employ technical filtering or any administrative censorship system to restrict access to political or other content. Citizens engage in the peaceful expression of views via the Internet, including bye-mail, and are able to access a wide range of viewpoints, with the websites of theBritish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the U.S.-basedCable News Network (CNN), and Kenya'sDaily Nation newspaper the most commonly accessed.[11] There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet, but Internet services are limited in rural areas due to lack of infrastructure.[13]
The constitution protectsfreedom of expression and the "freedom to communicate ideas and information." However, it also grants the government the authority to punishdefamation, protectprivileged information, and restrict state employees’ "freedom of expression in the interest of defense, public safety, public order, public morality or public health." In January 2009, the government passed a controversial Communications Amendment Act that established that any person who publishes, transmits, or causes to be published in electronic formobscene information commits an offense. The Act also outlines other forms of illegality associated with the use of information and communication technologies. At the end of 2010, the measure had not been used to prosecute anyone for online expression. Under the Act, theCommunications Commission of Kenya (CCK), rather than the independentMedia Council of Kenya, is responsible for regulating both traditional and online media. The CCK is also independent, but because the CCK has yet to make any decisions affecting the internet, its autonomy and professionalism in making determinations remain to be seen.[11]
In July 2009 the government announced that allcell phone users had to provide the government with their name and identification number. This regulation applies to citizens who access the Internet through cell phone-based services as well.[13]
On 18 May 2018, theKenya Film Classification Board issued a warning stating that any video intended for public exhibition, includingvideo published online, falls under the Films and Stage Plays Act, and that the creators of such videos must obtain a licence from the KFCB or be subject to fines or imprisonment.[14]
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