Tehri Garhwal district | |
|---|---|
 .JPG)  .jpeg) .jpg) | |
.svg) Location in Uttarakhand | |
| Coordinates:30°23′N78°29′E / 30.38°N 78.48°E /30.38; 78.48 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttarakhand |
| Division | Garhwal |
| Headquarters | New Tehri |
| Government | |
| • District Magistrate | Saurabh GaharwarIAS[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,080 km2 (1,580 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 618,931 |
| • Density | 148/km2 (380/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Native | Garhwali,Jaunpuri |
| • Official | Hindi,Sanskrit |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UK 09 |
| Website | tehri |
Tehri Garhwal district is adistrict in the hill state ofUttarakhand, India. Its administrative headquarters is atNew Tehri.[2] The district has a population of 618,931 (2011 census), a 2.35% increase over the previous decade. It is surrounded byRudraprayag District in the east,Dehradun District in the west,Uttarkashi District in the north, andPauri Garhwal District in the south. Tehri Garhwal is a part of the Himalayas.
The nameTehri has been derived fromTrihari, signifying a place that washes away the three types of sins – sins born out of Mansa, Vacha and Karmana or thought, word and deed, respectively.Garh inHindi means fort.
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Prior to 734 CE, the region was divided into 48garh which were ruled by independent kings. Thesegarh were brought into one province byGaurav Tewari, a prince ofMalwa. Kanakpal, on his visit to Badrinath, had met the then mightiest king Bhanu Pratap who later married his only daughter to the prince and handed over his kingdom to him. Kanakpal Singh and his descendants gradually conquered all thegarh and ruled the whole ofGarhwal Kingdom for the next 915 years, up to 1803.
In 1803, theGorkhas invaded Garhwal[3] commanded by army generalsAmar Singh Thapa,Hastidal Shah Chautariya,Bamshah Chautariya andRanjor Thapa against KingPradyumna Shah and his sons Kunwar Parakrama Shah and Kunwar Pritam Shah. The Garhwal and Gorkha armies fought atKhurbura and the Garhwal king was killed. The Gorkhas occupiedDehradun,Saharanpur andShimla and later extended their kingdom up toKangra.
From 1787 to 1812, the Gorkhas invaded and occupied nearly 200 villages which were under the control of theEast India Company. The British argued with the king but to no avail. TheGurkha War began in 1814, when an army of 8,000 under Major General Marley attackedKathmandu. Four thousand soldiers under Major General Wood started an operation fromGorakhpur and 3,500 soldiers attempted to take over Dehradun under Major General Zileswy. The British army captured Dehradun on 30 November 1814 and moved towards Kumaon. The Gorkha commandersHastidal Shah and Jayrakha were killed at Vinayathal. The war ended with theSugauli Treaty, signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified on 4 March 1816 by Gorkha supreme commander Bamshah and thus, British rule started in the hills. The East India Company then merged Kumaon, Dehradun and east Garhwal into the British Empire while west Garhwal was given back toSudarshan Shah, then becoming known as Tehri Riyasat.
Tehri Garhwal or the Garhwal Kingdom, was aprincely state, ruled by the Rajput Parmar (Shah) dynasty. Later, it became a part of thePunjab Hill States Agency ofBritish India, which consists of the present day Tehri Garhwal District and most of theUttarkashi district.[4] In 1901, it had an area of about 4,180 square miles (10,800 km2) and a population of 268,885. The ruler was given the title of raja, but after 1913, he was honoured with the title of Maharaja. The ruler was entitled to salutes of 11 guns and had aprivy purse of rupees 300,000.
King Sudarshan Shah established his capital at Tehri town and afterwards his successors Pratap Shah, Kirti Shah and Narendra Shah established their capital atPratap Nagar,Kirtinagar andNarendra Nagar, respectively. Their dynasty ruled over this region from 1815 to 1949. During the Quit India Movement people of this region actively worked for the independence of the country. Ultimately, when the country was declared independent in 1947, the inhabitants of Tehri Riyasat (Tehri State) started their movement to free themselves from the clutches of the maharaja.
Due to this movement, the situation became out of his control and it was difficult for him to rule over the region. Consequently, the 60th king ofPanwar Vansh,Manabendra Shah, accepted the sovereignty of the Indian government. Thus, in August 1949, Tehri Riyasat was merged intoUttar Pradesh and was given the status of a new district, the Tehri Garhwal district.[5] Subsequently, on 24 February 1960, the state government separated its onetehsil which was given the status of a separate district namedUttarkashi. The former royal palace of the Maharaja of Tehri Garhwal atNarendra Nagar, now houses theAnanda In the Himalayas spa, established 2000.[6]
In the 1960s, Tehri Garhwal extended much farther east than it currently does.[7] In 1997, much of the eastern portion of Tehri Garhwal was detached and merged with portions of thePauri Garhwal district and theChamoli district to form theRudraprayag district.
Tehri Lake
With a surface area of 52 km2, a man-made lake inNew Tehri, is the largestlake in Uttarakhand. It has good options for Adventure Sports and various water sports like Boating, Banana Boat, Bandwagon Boat, Jet Ski, Water Skiing, Para-sailing, Kayaking.[8][9][10]
Tehri Garhwal economy revolves aroundPublic sector undertakings, Agriculture and Tourism.
Dry season crops include wheat, barley, masoor, Bengal and red gram, rapeseed and mustard, and pea. Wet season crops include rice, barnyard millet, finger millet, black gram, sesame and soybean. Various fruits and spices grow in the district also.[11]
The district of Tehri Garhwal is divided into two subdivisions: Kirti Nagar and Tehri-Pratap Nagar. It has seven tehsils, one sub-tehsil, nine blocks, two municipalities and four town area committees. The district covers 76 Nagar Panchayats and 928 gram panchayats. It has 1,847 revenue villages and 2,508 clusters.[citation needed]
| Particulars | Number | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Subdivisions | 6 | Kirti Nagar, Tehri, Pratap Nagar, Narendra nagar, Dhanolti, ghansali |
| Tehsils | 11 | Devprayag, Ghansali,Narendra Nagar, Pratap Nagar, Tehri, Jakhanidhar Dhanolti, kirti nagar, Kandisaur and Nainbaag, Gaja |
| Sub-Tehsil | 3 | Madan Negi, balganga (chamiyala), paw ki devi |
| Blocks | 9 | Bhilangana, Chamba,Devprayag, Jakhanidhar, Jaunpur, Kirtinagar, Narendra Nagar, Pratapnagar and Thauldhar |
| Municipalities | 4 | Tehri, Narendra Nagar, Chamba and Devprayag |
| Town area committees | 2 | Kirtinagar andMuni Ki Reti |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 180,788 | — |
| 1911 | 202,264 | +1.13% |
| 1921 | 214,090 | +0.57% |
| 1931 | 235,038 | +0.94% |
| 1941 | 267,178 | +1.29% |
| 1951 | 277,115 | +0.37% |
| 1961 | 313,210 | +1.23% |
| 1971 | 358,117 | +1.35% |
| 1981 | 446,472 | +2.23% |
| 1991 | 520,256 | +1.54% |
| 2001 | 604,747 | +1.52% |
| 2011 | 618,931 | +0.23% |
| source:[12] | ||
According to the2011 census Tehri Garhwal district has apopulation of 618,931,[13] roughly equal to the nation ofSolomon Islands[14] or the US state ofVermont.[15] This gives it a ranking of 520th in India (out of a total of688).[13] The district has a population density of 169 inhabitants per square kilometre (440/sq mi).[13] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 1.93%.[13] Tehri Garhwal has asex ratio of 1078females for every 1000 males,[13] and aliteracy rate of 75.1%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 16.50% and 0.14% of the population respectively.[13]
| Religion | Per cent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 98.53% | |||
| Islam | 1.19% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.28% | |||
| Distribution of religions | ||||
Hindus number 596,769; Muslims 6,390 (1.05%); and Sikhs 561.[16]
The major first language of the district isGarhwali, accounting for 90.5% of the population according to the 2011 census.Hindi is widely used as alingua franca, but is the first language of only 6% of the people. Other languages spoken includeJaunsari (0.98%) andNepali (0.95%).[17]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Garhwal".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 466.Solomon Islands 571,890 July 2011 est.
Vermont 625,741
The Grass-Rope Bridge, at Teree., an engraving of a painting byDavid Cox for Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832 with a poetical illustration byLetitia Elizabeth Landon.Places adjacent to Tehri Garhwal district | ||||||||||||||||
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