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Tchagra

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of birds

Tchagra
Brown-crowned (above) and Black-crowned tchagra (below)
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Passeriformes
Family:Malaconotidae
Genus:Tchagra
Lesson, 1831
Type species
Thamnophilus tchagra[1]
Vieillot, 1816
Species

See text

Thetchagras arepasserinebirds in thebushshrike family, which are closely related to the trueshrikes in the family Laniidae, and were once included in that group.

Description

[edit]

These are long-tailed birds, typically with a grey or grey-brown back, brown wings and grey and whitish underparts. The head pattern is distinctive, with a dark cap and black eyestripe separated by a whitesupercilium. The bill is strong and hooked.

The male and female are similar in plumage in all tchagra species, but distinguishable from immature birds.

These are solitary birds which tend toskulk low down or on the ground. They have distinctive whistled calls and can be readily tempted into sight by imitating the call, presumably because the tchagra is concerned that there is an intruder in its territory.

These are species typically of scrub, open woodland, semi-desert and cultivation in sub-SaharanAfrica. They hunt largeinsects from a low perch in a bush, and the larger species likeblack-crowned tchagra will also takevertebrate prey such as frogs and snakes.

Extant Species

[edit]

The genusTchagra was introduced by the French naturalistRené Lesson in 1831 with thesouthern tchagra as thetype species.[2] The genus contains four species:[3]

ImageScientific nameCommon NameDistribution
Tchagra australisBrown-crowned tchagra or brown-headed tchagraAngola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, DRC, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Tchagra jamesiThree-streaked tchagraEthiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda
Tchagra tchagraSouthern tchagrasouthern and south-eastern South Africa and Swaziland.
Tchagra senegalusBlack-crowned tchagraArabian peninsula and most of Africa in scrub

Themarsh tchagraBocagia minuta is sometimes placed in the genus. The darkAngolan subspecies of marsh tchagra was formerly sometimes split as Anchieta's tchagra,Tchagra anchietae, named afterPortuguese explorerJosé Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta by his zoologist compatriotJosé Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1869.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Malacontidae".aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved2023-07-16.
  2. ^Lesson, René (1831).Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique (in French). Paris: F.G. Levrault. p. 373.
  3. ^Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018)."Batises, woodshrikes, bushshrikes, vangas".World Bird List Version 8.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved21 June 2018.
Genera ofcorvides and their extinct allies
Campephagidae
Cinclosomatidae
Eulacestomatidae
Falcunculidae
Mohouidae
Neosittidae
Oreoicidae
Oriolidae
Pachycephalidae
Paramythiidae
Psophodidae
Malaconotoidea
    • See below ↓
Corvoidea
    • See below ↓
TurnagraCampochaera sloetii
Aegithinidae
Artamidae
Artaminae
Craticinae
Peltopsinae
Machaerirhynchidae
Malaconotidae
Pityriasidae
Platysteiridae
Rhagologidae
Vangidae
Malaconotus monteiriMachaerirhynchus nigripectus
Corcoracidae
Corvidae
Dicruridae
Ifritidae
Laniidae
Melampittidae
Monarchidae
Monarchinae
Terpsiphoninae
Paradisaeidae
Platylophidae
Rhipiduridae
Lamproliinae
Rhipidurinae
Vireonidae
Paradisaea minor

Seleucidis melanoleucaNucifraga caryocatactes

Corvus corax
Tchagra
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