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Fatih | |
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.jpg) Hagia Sophia in Fatih | |
 Map showing Fatih District in Istanbul Province | |
  Fatih Location in Turkey Show map of Turkey Fatih Fatih (Istanbul) Show map of Istanbul | |
| Coordinates:41°01′03″N28°56′26″E / 41.01746°N 28.94053°E /41.01746; 28.94053 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Istanbul |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mehmet Ergün Turan (AKP) |
Area | 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 368,227 |
| • Density | 25,000/km2 (64,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Area code | 0212 |
| Website | www |
Fatih (Turkish pronunciation:[ˈfaːtih]) or theHistorical peninsula (inTurkish: Tarihi Yarımada), is a municipality anddistrict ofIstanbul Province, Turkey.[2] Its area is 15 km2,[3] and its population is 368,227 (2022).[1] It is home to almost all of the provincial authorities (including the mayor's office, police headquarters, metropolitan municipality and tax office) but not the courthouse. It encompasses thehistorical peninsula, coinciding with oldConstantinople. In 2009, the district ofEminönü, which had been a separate municipality located at the tip of the peninsula, was once again remerged into Fatih because of its small population. Fatih is bordered by theGolden Horn to the north and theSea of Marmara to the south, while the Western border is demarked by theTheodosian wall and the east by theBosphorus Strait.
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Historic Byzantine districts encompassed by present-day Fatih include:Exokiónion,Aurelianae,Xerólophos,ta Eleuthérou,Helenianae,ta Dalmatoú,Sígma,Psamátheia,ta Katakalón,Paradeísion,ta Olympíou,ta Kýrou,Peghé,Rhéghion,ta Elebíchou,Leomákellon,ta Dexiokrátous,Petríon orPétra,Phanàrion,Exi Mármara (Altımermer),Philopátion,Deúteron andVlachernaí.
The name "Fatih" comes from theOttoman emperorFatih Sultan Mehmed (Mehmed the Conqueror or Mehmed II), and means "Conqueror" inTurkish, fromArabic. TheFatih Mosque built by Mehmed II is in this district, while his resting place is next to themosque and is much visited. Fatih Mosque was built on the ruins of theChurch of the Holy Apostles, destroyed by earthquakes and years of war. A largemadrasa complex was also built around the mosque.
Immediately after the conquest, groups of Islamic scholars transformed the major churches ofHagia Sophia and the Pantocrator (today theZeyrek Mosque) into mosques, but the Fatih Mosque and its surrounding complex was the first purpose-built Islamic seminary within the city walls. The building of the mosque complex ensured that the area continued to thrive beyond the conquest; markets grew up to support the thousands of workers involved in the building and to supply them with materials, and then to service the students in the seminary. The area quickly became a Turkish neighbourhood with a particularly pious character due to the seminary. Some of this piety has endured until today.
Following the conquest, theEdirnekapı (meaningEdirne Gate) gate in the city walls became the major exit toThrace, and this rejuvenated the neighbourhoods overlooking the Golden Horn. The Fatih Mosque was on the road to Edirnekapı and the Fatih district became the most populous area of the city in the early Ottoman period and in the 16th century more mosques and markets were built in this area, including:Iskender Pasha Mosque, once famous as a centre for theNaqshbandi order in Turkey); Hirka-i-Sharif Mosque, which houses the cloak ofMuhammad (themosque is in common use but the cloak is only on show during the month ofRamadan; theJerrahiTekke; TheSunbul Efendi Tekke and the Ramazan Efendi Tekke both in the Kocamustafapaşa district and theVefa Kilise Mosque, originally a Byzantine church. The last four were named after the founders of variousSufi orders, and Sheikh Ebü’l Vefa in particular was of major importance in the city and was very fond of Fatih. Many other mosques, schools, baths, and fountains in the area were built by military leaders and officials in the Ottoman court. From the 18th century onwards, Istanbul started to grow outside the walls, and then began the transformation of Fatih into the heavily residential district, dominated by concrete apartment housing, that it remains today. This process was accelerated over the years by fires which destroyed whole neighbourhoods of wooden houses, and a major earthquake in 1766, which destroyed the Fatih Mosque and many of the surrounding buildings (subsequently rebuilt). Fires continued to ravage the old city, and the wide roads that run through the area today are a legacy of all that burning. There are few wooden buildings left in Fatih today, although right up until the 1960s, the area was covered with narrow streets of wooden buildings. Nowadays, the district is largely made up of narrow streets with tightly packed 5- or 6-floor apartment buildings.The confectionerHafiz Mustafa 1864 was founded in 1864 by Hadji İsmail Hakkı Beyat what is today Hamidiye street in the district during the reign ofSultan Abdulaziz.[4]
At present, Fatih contains areas includingAksaray,Fındıkzade,Çapa, andVatan Caddesi that are more cosmopolitan than the conservative image which the district has in the eyes of many people. WithEminönü, which was again officially a part of the Fatih district until 1928, and with its historicalByzantine walls, conquered by Mehmed II, Fatih is the "real Istanbul" of the old times, before the recent enlargement of the city that began in the 19th century. The area has become more and more crowded from the 1960s onwards, and a large portion of the middle-class residents have moved to theAnatolian side and other parts of the city. Fatih today is largely a working-class district, but being a previously wealthy area, it is well-resourced, with a more thoroughly established community than the newly built areas such asBağcılar orEsenler to the west, which are almost entirely inhabited by post-1980s migrants who came to the city in desperate circumstances. Fatih was built with some degree of central planning by the municipality.Istanbul University which was founded in 1453 is in Fatih. In addition, since 1586, the Orthodox ChristianPatriarchate of Constantinople has had its headquarters in the relatively modestChurch of St. George in theFener neighborhood of Fatih.
Fatih has many theatres, including the famousReşat Nuri Sahnesi. The area is well-served with a number of schools, hospitals and public amenities in general. A number of Istanbul's longest-established hospitals are in Fatih, including the Istanbul University teaching hospitals ofÇapa andCerrahpaşa, the Haseki Public Hospital, the Samatya Public Hospital, and the Vakıf Gureba Public Hospital. A tramway runs from the docks atSirkeci, throughSultanahmet, and finally toAksaray, which is a part of Fatih.
Also, besides the headquarters, some main units of theIstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, including the city's fire department, are based in Fatih.
Fatih has many historic and modern libraries, including the Edirnekapı Halk Kütüphanesi, Fener Rum Patrikhanesi Kütüphanesi (the Library of the Patriarchate), Hekimoğlu Ali Paşa Halk Kütüphanesi, İstanbul University Library, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Kütüphanesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Kardiyoloji Ensitütüsü Kütüphanesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hulusi Behçet Kitaplığı, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kadın Eserleri Kütüphanesi,Millet Kütüphanesi, Mizah Kütüphanesi, Murat Molla Halk Kütüphanesi, Ragıppaşa Kütüphanesi, and Yusufpaşa Halk Kütüphanesi.
On the other hand, today Fatih is known as one of the most conservative religious areas of Istanbul because of the religious residents of theÇarşamba quarter which is essentially a very minor part of this historical district. Çarşamba is famous with bearded men in heavy coats, the traditional baggy 'shalwar' trousers and Islamicturban; while women dressed in full black gowns are a common sight as this area is popular with members of aNaqshbandiSufi order affiliated toSheikhMahmut Ustaosmanoğlu. Conservative political parties always do well in this area.Küçükçekmece,Başakşehir,Bağcılar,Gaziosmanpaşa,Esenler,Bayrampaşa,Zeytinburnu, and Fatih are home to asylum seekers of Syrian origin.[5]
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There are 57neighbourhoods in Fatih District:[6]
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| Source: Population censuses (1935–1997)[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and TÜIK (2007–2022)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The offices of the magazineServet-i Fünun were in "Stamboul" (what is now Fatih district) during the magazine's existence.[20]
Today, there are still remnants of the sea walls along the Golden Horn and along the Marmara shore, to give a sense of the shape of the oldwalled city. There are also a number of important architectural structures in the Fatih district, including theValens Aqueduct across the Atatürk Bulvarı, the fortress on the city walls atYedikule, the ByzantinePalace of the Porphyrogenitus, the Romancolumn of Marcian, theFethiye Cami (the former Byzantine church of Christ Pammakaristos), theKariye Camii (the former Byzantine church of the Chora),Gül Camii (another former Byzantine church),Fenari Isa Camisi (a complex of two Byzantine churches), theGreek Patriarchate with the Church of St. George in theFener district, the Church of St. Stephen ("The Iron Church"), the Yavuz Selim Camii, theHouse-Museum of Dimitrie Cantemir, and theFatih Mosque itself.The tombs of some of the famousOttoman sultans are in Fatih. These includeMehmed II 'the Conqueror' (Fatih Sultan Mehmed),Selim I (Yavuz Sultan Selim),Suleyman the Magnificent, andAbdul Hamid Khan, as well as other leading statesmen of theOttoman Empire, includingGazi Osman Pasha. Fatih also has a collection of various cuisines (Syrian, Korean, Indian).
Fatih istwinned with:
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