Tarr Steps | |
|---|---|
 Tarr Steps viewed from upstream | |
| Coordinates | 51°04′37″N3°37′05″W / 51.077°N 3.618°W /51.077; -3.618 |
| Crosses | River Barle |
| Locale | Exmoor National Park, Somerset, England |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Clapper bridge |
| Material | Stone slabs |
| Total length | 55 metres (180 ft) |
| No. of spans | 17 |
| Location | |
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Tarr Steps is aclapper bridge across theRiver Barle in theExmoor National Park,Somerset, England.[1] The bridge is in anational nature reserve about 2.5 miles (4 km) south east ofWithypool and 4 miles (6 km) north west ofDulverton.
A typical clapper bridge construction, the bridge's listing assesses it as medieval in origin. The stone slabs weigh up to two tons each. The bridge is 180 feet (55 m) long and has 17 spans.[2] It has been designated as a Grade Ilisted building andscheduled monument.[1][3]
Owned by Exmoor National Park Authority, Tarr Steps WoodlandNational Nature Reserve covers 33 hectares of the River Barle valley.[4] This is mainlysessile oak (Quercus petraea) woodland, withbeech (Fagus),ash,sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus),hazel (Corylus),blackberry (Rubus),bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) andhoneysuckle (Lonicera). It is internationally significant[5] for themosses,liverworts andlichens which flourish in the cool damp conditions. Much of the woodland was oncecoppiced, primarily to provide charcoal for the localiron smelting industry. The river and the valley woodlands are part of theBarle ValleySite of Special Scientific Interest and abound with wildlife, ranging fromred deer todormice, including the rareBarbastelle Bat (Barbastella barbastellus)[6] andotter that feed along the unpolluted and fast-flowing river.
Well marked footpaths run along the valley betweenSimonsbath andDulverton and to the village ofWithypool. There is a circular walk from the main car park for Tarr Steps down to the river, along the riverbank for about 1.3 kilometres (1 mi) to a footbridge and returning on the other side, crossing the river on the clapper bridge. The main car park and toilets (some 400 metres (1,312 ft) from the bridge via a footpath) can be reached from the B3223 road between Withypool and Dulverton. Parking for the disabled and refreshments are available nearer the bridge, as are information panels put up by the Exmoor National Park, giving details of Tarr Steps history and design.
Within the reserve is the scheduled monument Tarr Stepsgrid referenceSS867321, a clapper bridge over the River Barle. The name "clapper bridge" comes from theMedieval Latin "claperius" which means "pile of stones". It is an ancient form of bridge constructed with large unmortared slabs of stone resting on one another; this is the largest example of its type. There are 17 spans across 50 metres (55 yd), the top slabs weigh 1-2 tons and are about 39 inches (99 cm) above normal water level. The largest slab is over 8 feet (2.4 m) long and is about 5 feet (1.5 m) wide.[7] This is one of the best known monuments on Exmoor. Its age is unknown, as several theories claim that Tarr Steps dates from theBronze Age but others date them from around 1400 AD. It has been restored several times in recent years, following flood damage. Over the years the damage provides a good indicator of the strength of each flood. Some of the top slabs have been washed away in extreme flood conditions and they have now all been numbered to facilitate replacement. The Exmoor National Park web site says
The stones forming the spans weigh between one and two tons each and have on occasions been washed up to 50 yards (46 m) downstream. A distinctive feature of Tarr Steps is the slabs that are raked against the ends of each pier to break the force of the river and divert floating debris. Despite this, much of the damage has been due to debris such as branches floating down with the flood and battering the bridge. Debris used to be removed once a year by farmers from the Dulverton and Hawkridge sides of the river but since the flood of 1952 it has been trapped by cables strung across the river upstream of the bridge.[8]
The bridge was badly damaged by floodwater on 22 December 2012 when steel wires upstream (designed to protect the bridge from damaging debris) were broken by fallen trees washed down the river.[9][10][11] Floodwaters carried away part of the bridge again on 21 November 2016, and it has since been rebuilt.[12]
