Комплекс споруд Національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка (Complex of buildings of the Taras Shevchenko National University)
Type
History
Reference no.
260016-Н
TheTaras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukrainian:Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка,romanized: Kyivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Tarasa Shevchenka; also known asKyiv University,Shevchenko University, orKNU) is apublic university inKyiv, Ukraine.
Taras Shevchenko University is named afterTaras Shevchenko, a major figure in Ukrainian literature and art. The university trains specialists in many fields of knowledge and carries out research. It is considered the most prestigious university in Ukraine[4] and a major centre of advanced learning and progressive thinking.[5] It consists of more faculties and departments, and trains specialists in a greater number of academic fields, than any other Ukrainian educational institution.[citation needed]
The university is a major centre of learning and research and an important cultural centre. Student numbers total about 30,000 students.[2]
The university benefited from assets transferred fromVilnius University anda lyceum inKremenets (Volhynian Governorate, todayWestern Ukraine), which was closed in the aftermath of theNovember Uprising of 1830.[8] The first 62 students started their studies at the university in 1834, in its one faculty, the Faculty of Philosophy, which had two departments: the Department of History and Philology and the Department of Physics and Mathematics. There were new additions to the original department in 1835 and 1847: the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Medicine. Later on, the original Faculty of Philosophy was divided into two separate units: the Faculty of History and Philology and the Faculty of Natural Sciences. There were no more additions to the number of departments until the 1920s.
An early 20th-century Russian postcard picturing Saint Vladimir University in Kyiv.
The walls of the main building are painted in red while the tops and bottoms of its columns are painted black. Ukrainian composerMykola Leontovych's "Shchedryk" was premiered at the Kyiv University on December 26, 1916, by the university's choir directed byOleksandr Koshyts.[9]
In 1939, the university was renamed after Ukrainian national bardTaras Shevchenko, who had also been briefly employed by the university between 1845 and 1846.
During theGerman–Soviet war, the university was evacuated to the city ofKyzylorda inKazakhstan, where it merged with theNational University of Kharkiv to form the United Ukrainian State University. After the liberation of Kyiv in 1943, the university returned to its original location. Students and lecturers rebuilt the Humanities and Chemistry buildings and by 15 January 1944, classes resumed for senior undergraduates and for first-years on 1 February.[10]
Since 1960, when the first international students were admitted, over 20,000 highly qualified specialists have been trained at Taras Shevchenko University for 120 countries. The first foreign students of the Taras Shevchenko University came from Cuba, Guinea, Indonesia, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Benin, Zanzibar, Yemen, Algeria, and Afghanistan.[11] They continued on to become doctors, engineers, agriculturists, diplomats, economists, and statesmen in their respective countries.[12]
During the Soviet period, the Taras Shevchenko University received oneOrder of Lenin (1959) and oneOrder of the October Revolution (1984). Additionally, in 2002 the asteroid4868 Knushevia was named in honour of Kyiv Taras Shevchenko University.
During theRusso-Ukrainian war, several buildings of the university's Institutes of International Relations and Journalism were damaged in a Russian drone attack on 3 November 2024.[13]
Between 2014 and 2017 the university was ranked within top 650 universities in the world according toQS World University Rankings.[17]In 2009,Delovoy magazine ranked Taras Shevchenko University as the best university in Ukraine, being nationally the strongest in the greatest number of academic fields.[18] According to the independent ranking of 228 universities in Ukraine performed byCompas, Taras Shevchenko University was ranked the first best position in Ukraine regarding the adequacy of alumni to the labor market of Ukraine.[19] According toScopus (2009), Taras Shevchenko University has the highest research paper output of any Ukrainian university, and is also the top research producer (as assessed by total paper citation count).[20][21]The university features in theWebometrics Ranking of World Universities (2010) at 1,110 out of 8,000 in the world,[22] at 63 out of top 100 universities of the Central andEastern Europe,[23] and the leading academic institution inUkraine.[24]
The university has over 400 partner universities, currently maintains relations and, in some cases, student exchange programs with universities of forty countries;[25] a figure which includes a number of former republics of theSoviet Union and other countries which Ukraine traditionally, over the past 70 years prior to independence in 1991, did not have official bilateral relations with. A small selection of partner universities is displayed below.
After its initial establishment the university was located in private rooms inPechersk, and was named for St. Vladimir. Now the main building (built 1837–42 by architect V I Beretti) can be found at 60Volodymyrska Street, whilst a number of humanities departments are located at 14 Shevchenko Boulevard 14 (formerly the First Kyiv Gymnasium). Furthermore, there are departments located on Akademika Hlushkova Avenue (building 6, built 1954–70) and Vasylkivska Street (Library is located in building No. 90, built in 1939). The university's administration is housed in buildings 58–64 on Volodymyrska Street.
It was constructed from 1837 to 1843 and was built in the late RussianClassicism style, by a Russian architect of Italian descent, Vincent I. Beretti. The building forms an enormous square enclosing acourtyard; the length of the main façade is 145.68m. The walls of the building are painted blood red and the capitals and bases of the portico's columns are painted black, corresponding to the colours of the ribbon of the Order of St. Vladimir (founded in 1782), as Kyiv University used to bear the name of this Order. The motto of the Order, "Benefit, honor and glory"(Pol'za Chest' i Slava) also, subsequently, became the motto of Kyiv University. Local tour guides sometime state that Tsar Nicholas I ordered the entire main building painted red in response to student conscription protests during World War I to remind students of blood spilled by Ukrainian soldiers. The legend does not reflect the historical fact, as the building waspainted red before World War I, in 1842.Nicholas I of Russia (1825–1855) died long beforeWorld War I (1914–1918). Built at the top of a hill, this building has significantly influenced Kyiv's architectural layout in the 19th century.[38]
The university'sA.V. Fomin Botanical Garden (named after AcademicianAleksandr V. Fomin, 1869–1935) was founded in 1839 and planned by architect V. Beretti and botanist R. E. Trautfetterom. The total area covered by the garden is around 5.22 hectares; it has a collection of over 10 000 species, forms and varieties of plants.The garden'sgreenhouse's height, after reconstruction in 1977, is about 33 meters and is the largest in the world. The university's firstorangerie was built in 1846-49 for its collection of tropical and subtropical plants; a collection which has now over two thousand items and is one of the largest in Europe. The gardens are located at the city centre campus, to the rear of the red building; the nearest metro station isUniversytet.
The university library, part of the city centre campus
The Humanities Building or "Yellow" building of the university is located at 14 Shevchenko boulevard. Built in 1850–1852, it was designed in the classical style by the architect Alexander Vikentiyovych Beretti (1816–95), son of V. Beretti, the architect of by the main ("red") building. The building initially belonged to the First Gymnasium (a grammar school, in which M. Berlin andM. Kostomarov taught, and where students included the artistsNikolai Ge and V. Levandovskyy, historian M. Zakrevskii, economist M. Bunge, poet M. Herbel, sculptor P. Zabello, writersBulgakov andK. Paustovsky, and future academicsE. Tarle,A. Bogomolets, andA. Lunacharsky). In 1919 the academicVernadsky, first president ofthe Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, took up residence in part of the building. Since 1959, the building has been part of the Kyiv National University.
TheMaksymovych Library (58 Volodymyrska Street), built in 1939–1940, is a neo-classical building designed by architects V. A. Osmaka and P. Alyoshin as the university's Humanities building. Currently the library holds around 3.5 million books, making it currently the largest research library in Ukraine. The Maksymovych library – along with the No.1 branch of theNational Library of Ukraine (62 Volodymyrska Street), designed by the same architects in 1929–1930, and the main ("red") building of the university – forms part of an important and impressive architectural ensemble which is today considered one of Kyiv's key collective architectural monuments.
In the 1960s it became imperative that the Kyiv National University acquire more space for its greatly expanded number of departments. It was with this in mind that the building of a complex of new buildings for the university started on the southwestern outskirts of Kyiv (opposite theNational Exhibition Centre of Ukraine). The authors of the final project were architects V. I. Ladnyi, M. P. Budylovskyi, V. I. Kolomiets and engineer V. Y. Drizo.
The Institute of International Relations and Institute of Journalism's joint building at 36 Melnikova Street, developed by Kyivproect architects O Nosenko, I Shpara, Yu Duhovichny, O Klishchuk and Y Vig, was awarded theState Prize of Ukraine in the Field of Architecture in 1995.[39]
The astronomical observatory of Kyiv National University is located at 3 Observatorna Street; founded in 1845, it was initially planned to place an observatory in the Main Building of the university (as evidenced by existing architectural designs for the red building), however, it was later decided to build for a separate building to house the observatory. This task was again entrusted Vincenty Beretta, it was built in 1841–1845 and officially opened on February 7, 1845.[27]
Accreditation Of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Gazanfar Musabeyov (1888-1938), Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Azerbaijan SSR (1929–1931), graduated from the Medical Faculty in 1917
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