Taranaki | |
|---|---|
 Logo | |
 Taranaki within New Zealand | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Island | North Island |
| Seat | Stratford |
| Territorial authorities | List
|
| Government | |
| • Body | Taranaki Regional Council |
| • Chair | Charlotte Littlewood |
| • Deputy Chair | Unknown |
| Area | |
• Region | 7,257 km2 (2,802 sq mi) |
| • Land | 7,254.51 km2 (2,800.98 sq mi) |
| Population (June 2024)[1] | |
• Region | 130,800 |
| • Density | 18/km2 (47/sq mi) |
| GDP | |
| • Total | NZ$ 9.599 billion (2021) (9th) |
| • Per capita | NZ$ 75,643 (2021) |
| Time zone | UTC+12 (NZST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+13 (NZDT) |
| ISO 3166 code | NZ-TKI |
| HDI (2022) | 0.941[3] very high ·4th |
| Website | www |
Taranaki is aregion in the west ofNew Zealand'sNorth Island. It is named after its main geographical feature, thestratovolcanoTaranaki Maunga, formerly known as Mount Egmont.
The main centre is the city ofNew Plymouth. The New Plymouth District is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki.[4][5] New Plymouth is in North Taranaki along withInglewood andWaitara. South Taranaki towns includeHāwera,Manaia,Stratford,Eltham, andŌpunake.
Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other".[6]
Taranaki is on the west coast of the North Island, surrounding the volcanic peak of Mount Taranaki. The region covers an area of 7258 km2. Its large bays north-west and south-west ofCape Egmont areNorth Taranaki Bight andSouth Taranaki Bight.
Mount Taranaki is the second highest mountain in the North Island, and the dominant geographical feature of the region.A Māori legend says that Mount Taranaki previously lived with theTongariro,Ngāuruhoe andRuapehu mountains of the central North Island but fled to its current location after a battle with Tongariro. A near-perfect cone, it last erupted in the mid-18th century. The mountain and its immediate surrounds form Te Papa-Kura-o-Taranaki (formerly known asEgmont National Park).[7] Historically, the area consisted of a narrowcoastal plain covered bybracken,tutu,rewarewa andkaraka trees, with anywhere not close to the coast covered in dense forest.[8]
Māori had called the mountainTaranaki for many centuries, and CaptainJames Cook gave it the English name ofEgmont after theEarl of Egmont, the recently retired First Lord of the Admiralty who had encouraged his expedition. The mountain had two alternative official names, "Mount Taranaki" and "Mount Egmont" from the 1980s until 2025 when the Te Pire Whakatupua mō Te Kāhui Tupua/Taranaki Maunga Collective Redress Bill was passed into law which saw Mount Egmont and Mount Taranaki cease as official geographical names to be replaced by Taranaki Maunga.[9][10]
The region is exceptionally fertile thanks to generous rainfall and rich volcanic soil.Dairy farming predominates, withFonterra's Whareroa milk factory just outside ofHāwera producing the largest volume of dairy ingredients from a single factory anywhere in the world.[11] There are also both on and off shore oil and gas deposits in the region. TheMaui gas field off the south-west coast has provided most of New Zealand's gas supply and once supported twomethanol plants, (one formerly a synthetic-petrol plant called the Gas-To-Gasoline plant) atMotunui. Fuel and fertiliser is also produced at a well complex atKapuni and a number of smaller land-based oilfields. With the Maui field nearing depletion, new offshore resources have been developed: theKupe field, 30 km south of Hāwera and thePohokura gas field, 4.5 km north of Waitara.[12]
The way the land mass projects into theTasman Sea with northerly, westerly and southerly exposures, results in many excellent surfing and windsurfing locations, some of them considered world-class.[13]
Taranaki covers 7,254.50 km2 (2,800.98 sq mi)[14] and has a population of 130,800 as of Statistics New Zealand's June 2024, 2.5 percent of New Zealand's population. It has a population density of 18 people per km2. It is the tenth most populousregion of New Zealand.[1]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 107,124 | — |
| 1996 | 106,590 | −0.10% |
| 2001 | 102,858 | −0.71% |
| 2006 | 104,127 | +0.25% |
| 2013 | 109,608 | +0.74% |
| 2018 | 117,561 | +1.41% |
| 2023 | 126,015 | +1.40% |
| Source:[15][16] | ||
Taranaki Region had a population of 126,015 in the2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 8,454 people (7.2%) since the2018 census, and an increase of 16,407 people (15.0%) since the2013 census. There were 62,184 males, 63,405 females and 429 people ofother genders in 48,606 dwellings.[17] 2.6% of people identified asLGBTIQ+. The median age was 40.4 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 25,428 people (20.2%) aged under 15 years, 20,625 (16.4%) aged 15 to 29, 55,932 (44.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 24,033 (19.1%) aged 65 or older.[15]
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 83.6%European (Pākehā); 21.8%Māori; 2.6%Pasifika; 5.7%Asian; 0.8% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.7% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.4%, Māori language by 4.5%, Samoan by 0.4% and other languages by 6.7%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk).New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 14.9, compared with 28.8% nationally.
| Nationality | Population (2018) |
|---|---|
| England | 4,179 |
| Australia | 1,965 |
| South Africa | 1,311 |
| India | 972 |
| Philippines | 918 |
| Scotland | 549 |
| Fiji | 498 |
| China | 480 |
| United States | 480 |
| Netherlands | 420 |
The region has had a strong Māori presence for centuries. The localiwi (tribes) includeNgāti Mutunga,Ngāti Maru,Ngāti Ruanui,Taranaki,Te Āti Awa,Ngā Rauru,Ngāruahinerangi andNgāti Tama.
Religious affiliations were 30.9%Christian, 0.9%Hindu, 0.5%Islam, 0.9%Māori religious beliefs, 0.4%Buddhist, 0.5%New Age, 0.1%Jewish, and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they hadno religion were 56.3%, and 8.6% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 12,777 (12.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 56,931 (56.6%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 26,370 (26.2%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $38,400, compared with $41,500 nationally. 9,930 people (9.9%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 48,906 (48.6%) people were employed full-time, 14,724 (14.6%) were part-time, and 2,634 (2.6%) were unemployed.[15]
Just under half the residents live inNew Plymouth, withHāwera being the next most populous town in the region.
| Urban area | Population (June 2024)[1] | % of region |
|---|---|---|
| New Plymouth | 60,100 | 45.9% |
| Hāwera | 10,550 | 8.1% |
| Waitara | 7,680 | 5.9% |
| Stratford | 6,510 | 5.0% |
| Inglewood | 3,960 | 3.0% |
| Eltham | 2,140 | 1.6% |
| Ōakura | 1,720 | 1.3% |
| Ōpunake | 1,490 | 1.1% |
| Patea | 1,290 | 1.0% |
| Normanby | 1,160 | 0.9% |
The area became home to a number of Māori tribes from the 13th century. From about 1823 the Māori began having contact with Europeanwhalers as well as traders who arrived byschooner to buyflax.[19] Around the 1820s and 1830s, whalers targetedSouthern right whales in theSouth Taranaki Bight.[20] In March 1828Richard "Dicky" Barrett (1807–47) set up a trading post at Ngamotu (present-dayNew Plymouth).[21] Barrett and his companions, who were armed with muskets and cannon, were welcomed by the Āti Awa tribe for assisting in their continuing wars withWaikato Māori.[21] Following a bloody encounter at Ngamotu in 1832, most of the 2000 Āti Awa[21] living near Ngamotu, as well as Barrett, migrated south to theKāpiti region andMarlborough.
In late 1839 Barrett returned to Taranaki to act as a purchasing agent for theNew Zealand Company, which had begun on-selling the land to prospective settlers in England with the expectation of securing its title. Barrett claimed to have negotiated the purchase of an area extending fromMokau toCape Egmont, and inland to the upper reaches of theWhanganui River includingMt Taranaki. A later deed of sale included New Plymouth and all the coastal lands of North Taranaki, includingWaitara.
Organised European settlement at New Plymouth gathered pace with the arrival of theWilliam Bryan in March 1841. European expansion beyond New Plymouth, however, was prevented by Māori opposition to selling their land, a sentiment that deepened as links strengthened with theKing Movement. Tension over land ownership mounted, leading to the outbreak ofwar at Waitara on 16 March 1860. Although the pressure for the sale of the Waitara block resulted from the colonists' hunger for land in Taranaki, the greater issue fuelling the conflict was the Government's desire to impose British administration, law and civilisation on the Māori.[22]
The war was fought by more than 3,500 imperial troops as well as volunteer soldiers and militia against Māori forces that fluctuated from a few hundred and to 1,500.[23] Total losses among the imperial, volunteer, and militia troops are estimated to have been 238, while Māori casualties totalled about 200.
An uneasy truce was negotiated a year later, only to be broken in April 1863 as tensions over land occupation boiled over again. A total of 5,000 troops fought in theSecond Taranaki War against about 1,500 men, women and children. The style of warfare differed markedly from that of the 1860–61 conflict as the army systematically took possession of Māori land by driving off the inhabitants, adopting a "scorched earth" strategy of laying waste to the villages and cultivations of Māori, whether warlike or otherwise. As the troops advanced, the Government built an expanding line of redoubts, behind which settlers built homes and developed farms. The effect was a creeping confiscation of almost a million acres (4,000 km2) of land.[24]
The present main highway on the inland side ofMount Taranaki follows the path taken by the colonial forces under Major GeneralTrevor Chute as they marched, with great difficulty, fromPatea to New Plymouth in 1866.
Armed Māori resistance continued in South Taranaki until early 1869, led by the warriorTītokowaru, who reclaimed land almost as far south asWanganui. A decade later, spiritual leaderTe Whiti o Rongomai, based atParihaka, launched a campaign of passive resistance against government land confiscation, which culminated in a raid by colonial troops on 5 November 1881.
The confiscations, subsequently acknowledged by the New Zealand Government as unjust and illegal,[25] began in 1865 and soon included the entire Taranaki district. Towns includingNormanby,Hāwera and Carlyle (Patea) were established on land confiscated as military settlements.[26] The release of aWaitangi Tribunal report on the situation in 1996 led to some debate on the matter. In a speech to a group of psychologists, Associate Minister of Māori AffairsTariana Turia compared the suppression of Taranaki Māori to theHolocaust, provoking a vigorous reaction[27] around New Zealand, with Prime MinisterHelen Clark among those voicing criticism.
The subnational gross domestic product (GDP) of Taranaki was estimated at NZ$9.51 billion in the year to March 2020, 2.94% of New Zealand's national GDP. The regional GDP per capita was estimated at $76,715 in the same period, the highest in New Zealand.[28]
Taranaki’s economy is centred arounddairy farming,hydrocarbon exploration, and manufacturing (including agricultural and energy based manufacturing) with these industries making up approximately 40 percent of the region’s GDP in 2019. Taranaki has had the highest GDP per capita from 2007 onward except in 2017 when Wellington was higher.[29]
In the 2019–20 season, there were 468,000 milking cows in Taranaki, 9.5% of the country's total herd. The cows produced 185,320 tonnes of milk solids, worth $1,334 million at the national average farmgate price ($7.20 per kg).[30] The Dairy Farming industry is the largest employer in Taranaki, comprising 5 per cent of all employees.[31] The region is home to the world’s largest milk production facility by annual volume, Fonterra’s Whareroa Plant near Hawera, which produces milk powder, butter, casein whey and cheese. The region also boasts the largest secondary cheese operation in Asia-Pacific as well as a high-tech lactose plant producing pharmaceutical lactose for the global medical industry and a speciality artisan cheese facility.[32]
Natural gas from Taranaki’s fields accounts for around 20% of New Zealand’s primary energy supply. It provides heat, energy and hot water supply for over 245,000 New Zealand households as well as more than 10,000 commercial users such as restaurants, hotels, greenhouses and hospitals. The single biggest user of natural gas is Methanex, also based in Taranaki, who use it as a feedstock to produce methanol for export. Taranaki's natural gas is also used to make urea for use on farms. The head offices of many energy companies are based in the region along with specialist service and supply companies, including freight, logistics, fabrication, technical, professional services and consultancies as well as environmental and health and safety expertise. The region is renowned for its world class engineering design and project management skills, which tackles on and off shore fabrication and construction.[33]
From 1853 the Taranaki region was governed as theTaranaki Province (initially known as the New Plymouth Province) until the abolition ofNew Zealand provinces in 1876. The leading office was that of the superintendent.
The following is a list of superintendents of the Province of Taranaki during this time:
| Superintendent | Term |
|---|---|
| Charles Brown | 1853–1857 |
| George Cutfield | 1857–1861 |
| Charles Brown | 1861–1865 |
| Henry Richmond | 1865–1869 |
| Frederic Carrington | 1869–1876 |
The Taranaki Regional Council was formed as part of major nationwidelocal government reforms in November 1989, for the purpose ofintegrated catchment management. The regional council was the successor to the Taranaki Catchment Board, the Taranaki United Council, the Taranaki Harbours Board, and 16 small special-purpose local bodies that were abolished under theLocal Government Amendment Act (No 3) 1988. The council's headquarters were established in the central location ofStratford to "provide a good compromise in respect of overcoming traditional south vs north Taranaki community of interest conflicts" (Taranaki Regional Council, 2001 p. 6).
Chairs
Taranaki's landscape and the mountain's supposed resemblance toMount Fuji led it to be selected as the location forThe Last Samurai, a motion picture set in 19th-century Japan. The movie starredTom Cruise.
Taranaki has 20 fire stations scattered throughout the region. It includes one career (full time) brigade based at New Plymouth Central Fire Station and is staffed by two crews (8 firefighters) 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and responds, not only to the city, but to surrounding volunteer brigades in satellite towns if needed. New Plymouth has four fire appliances, including an aerial appliance and pump rescue truck, and three specialist vehicles. There are 17 volunteer and two rural brigades in the region.
Taranaki Base Hospital in New Plymouth is the region's largest hospital. It has a 24-hour emergency department, wards for older people's health, rehabilitation, children and young people/pediatrics, general surgery and urology, orthopedics and surgical specialties, general medicine and maternity and provides community services. It's currently undergoing a multi-million dollar development to expand its services.Hawera Hospital, one hour south, is a smaller hospital but offers 24-hour emergency department, inpatient beds, maternity services, outpatients and community services. There are health centres inWaitara,Opunake,Patea,Mokau,Stratford andUrenui.
St John Ambulance supplies all ambulance services to Taranaki, with their main station based Waiwhakaiho on the outskirts of New Plymouth. Throughout the region, they have six emergency ambulances, two rapid response vehicles (one crewed by a critical care paramedic) and two operational managers during the day. At night, four ambulances are on duty and one rapid response vehicle. Volunteer-crewed first response units are based in Opunake and Urenui.
There are 13 police stations in the region, including three in New Plymouth and others are based in the main towns.
The Taranaki Rescue Helicopter Trust provides search, rescue and patient transfer missions when required. TheMBB/Kawasaki BK 117 is based at its hangar at Taranaki Base Hospital. It serves as a critical service for missions relating to the region's mountain and steep inland hill country and marine areas.
Notable sports teams from Taranaki include:
Commonwealth gold Bowls, Brian Symes
Rugby 7s - World, Commonwealth, Olympic gold medalistsGayle Broughton &Michaela Blyde.
Silver Ferns, Ardean Harper,
| North Island |  | |
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| South Island | ||
* Governed by aunitary authority rather than a regional council | ||
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