You can helpexpand this article with text translated fromthe corresponding article in Spanish. (February 2016)Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation, likeDeepL orGoogle Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consideradding a topic to this template: there are already 1,084 articles in themain category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. Youmust providecopyright attribution in theedit summary accompanying your translation by providing aninterlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary isContent in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Tapete (botánica)]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template{{Translated|es|Tapete (botánica)}} to thetalk page. For more guidance, seeWikipedia:Translation.

Thetapetum is a specialised layer of nutritive cells found within the anther of flowering plants, located between the sporogenous tissue and the anther wall.Tapetum is important for the nutrition and development of pollen grains and a source of precursors for the pollen coat.^[1] The cells are usually bigger and normally have more than one nucleus per cell. As the sporogenous cells undergo mitosis, the nuclei of tapetal cells also divide. Sometimes, this mitosis is abnormal, which is why many cells of mature tapetum becomemultinucleated. Polyploidy and polyteny can also be seen sometimes. The tapetum's unusually large nuclear constitution helps it provide nutrients and regulatory molecules to the forming pollen grains. The following processes are responsible for this:

• Endomitosis
• Normal mitosis not followed by cytokinesis
• Formation of restitution nuclei
• Endoreduplication

Tapetum helps in pollen wall formation, transportation of nutrients to the inner side of the anther, and synthesis ofcallase enzyme to separate microspore tetrads.

Two main tapetum types are recognised,secretory (glandular) andperiplasmodial (amoeboid). In the secretory type, a layer of tapetal cells remains around the antherlocule. In contrast, the tapetal cell walls dissolve in the periplasmodial type, and theirprotoplasts fuse to form a multinucleate periplasmodium. A third, less common type, the invasive non-syncytial tapetum, has been described inCanna, where the tapetal cell walls break down to invade the anther locule but do not fuse to form a periplasmodium.^[2]

Amongst themonocots,Acorales, the first branchingclade, has a secretory tapetum, while the other alismatid clade,Alismatales, is predominantly periplasmodial. Amongst the late branching clades, thelilioid monocots are nearly all secretory, while thecommelinid monocots are diverse concerning the tapetal pattern.^[2]

• Plant anatomy

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Articles needing translation from Spanish Wikipedia