TheTamms Correctional Center is a closedIllinois Department of Correctionsprison located inTamms, Illinois.[1] Prior to its 2013 closure, the prison housed people in two sections: (1) a 200-bedminimum security facility, opened in 1995, and (2) a 500-bedsupermax facility known as the Closed Maximum Security Unit ("CMAX"), opened in 1998, that housed people defined by the prison leadership as most disruptive and dangerous.
Prior to the March 9, 2011 abolition of the death penalty in Illinois,[2] the State of Illinois conducted executions bylethal injection in anexecution chamber located within the CMAX section of Tamms Correctional Center.[3][4]Andrew Kokoraleis, the last person to be executed in the state before Illinois suspended capital punishment, was executed at Tamms in 1999. He was the only inmate executed in Tamms death chamber.[5]
Prior to Illinois GovernorGeorge Ryan's January 11, 2003, commutation of death row sentences, male death row inmates were housed in Tamms,Pontiac, andMenard correctional centers. After the commutations, only Pontiac continued to hold death row prisoners.[6]
The State of Illinois bought the land for the prison from soybean farmers. Much of the money used to fund the purchase of the prison land, came from donations made by area residents hoping to have a prison built, so the area's economic fortunes could improve. The donated money was over $225,000.[7]
As with other supermax prisons, prison reformers advocated for its closing. The Tamms Year Ten campaign was established in 2008 to push for reforms and closure of the prison.[8] Brutal conditions were reported by several Illinois newspapers, theAmerican Civil Liberties Union, and reform advocates.[8] A report byIllinois Department of Corrections validated the claims.[8] In 2010,U.S. District Judge G. Patrick Murphy ruled that inmates must be allowed to challenge their transfer to Tamms at a formal hearing and wrote in his decision that "Tamms imposes drastic limitation on human contact, so much so as to inflict lasting psychological and emotional harm on inmates confined there for long periods."[8]
During its operation Tamms operated at about 50% capacity. According to the state, this relatively low occupancy percentage reflected officials being selective about who was imprisoned there. Critics of the facility argued that it was built too large and that it was too costly.[9]
During late February 2012Illinois Governor Pat Quinn announced the planned closing of the Tamms Correctional Center due to budget cuts, triggering a political debate in the state about its future. Shortly thereafter TheAmerican Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees filed suit in Alexander County Circuit Court; this was temporarily effective in blocking the closure of the prison. On September 4, 2012, the judge in that matter, Charles Cavaness, granted a 30-day injunctive order preventing transfers outside of the prison.[10] On September 6, 2012, the state appealed to[11] the Illinois Fifth District Appellate Court. Justice Melissa A. Chapman delivered the opinion for the court, with Justices Thomas M. Welch and Stephen L. Spomer in concurrence, denying the state's appeal.[12]
On January 4, 2013 the prison officially closed.[13]
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