Tambaram | |
|---|---|
City in theChennai Metropolitan Area | |
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 Emblem | |
  Tambaram Location in Chennai Metropolitan Area Show map of Chennai Tambaram Location in Tamil Nadu Show map of Tamil Nadu Tambaram Location in India Show map of India Tambaram Location in Asia Show map of Asia.svg) Tambaram Location on Earth Show map of Earth | |
| Coordinates:12°55′29.6″N80°06′00.0″E / 12.924889°N 80.100000°E /12.924889; 80.100000 | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Tamil Nadu |
| Metro | Chennai Metropolitan Area |
| District | Chengalpattu |
| Town incorporated | 1951[1] |
| City incorporated | 3 November 2021[2] |
| Climate | Tropical Savanna climate with a Dry Winter (Aw) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Elected Council–Appointed Commissioner |
| • Body | Tambaram City Municipal Corporation |
| • Commissioner | S. BalachanderIAS |
| • Mayor | K. Vasanthakumari (DMK) |
| • Deputy Mayor | G. Kamaraj (DMK) |
| • National representation (MP) | T.R. Baalu (DMK) |
| • State representation (MLAs) | I. Karunanithi (DMK) S.R. Raja (DMK) |
| Area | |
• Total | 87.64 km2 (33.84 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 43 m (141 ft) |
| Population (2011)[3] | |
• Total | 722,982 |
| • Rank | Tamil Nadu:6th India:65th |
| • Density | 8,249/km2 (21,370/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Tamil |
| • Additional official | English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PINs | 600043-600048, 600059, 600063, 600064, 600070, 600073 - 600075, 600091, 600100, 600117, 600126, 600127, 600129 |
| Area code | +91-044 |
| Vehicle Registration | TN 11, TN 22, TN 85 |
| Law enforcement | Tambaram City Police |
| Urban planning agency | Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority |
Tambaram is a city located within theChennai Metropolitan Area in theIndian State ofTamil Nadu.[2] The city is governed byTambaram City Municipal Corporation.[5]
Tambaram is an ancient town referred to as Taamapuram in an inscription of the 13th century. The word was inscribed on the walls around thesanctum sanctorum atMarundeeswarar temple in Tirukachur village, nearChengalpattu.[6]
The earliest mention of Tambaram dates back to the 13th century when the word 'Taamapuram' was inscribed on the walls around thesanctum sanctorum atMarundeeswarar temple in Tirukachur village, near Chengalpattu.[6]
The oldest locality in the city is Pallavapuram which is considered one of the oldest inhabited places in South Asia.[7] Pallavapuram is most commonly known today asPallavaram.[8]
On 13 May 1863,Robert Bruce Foote, a British geologist with theGeological Survey of India (GSI), discovered a hand axe belonging to theLower Palaeolithic Age at Pallavaram (Pallavapuram).[9][10] Since then, several Stone Age artefacts have been discovered.[10] Most of these artefacts are currently lodged in theEgmore museum.[10]
The oldest locality in the city, Pallavapuram, existed during the reign ofPallava kingMahendravarman I (600–630 CE). The Pallavas have left titles in early Pallava script at the cave temple in Pallavaram neighbourhood, which dates back to 600 CE. The remains of a cave shrine constructed by the Pallava ruler have been found at Asthana-E-Moula Ali Dargah.[11]
During the reign ofLater Cholas, from ninth to twelfth century CE, the region was called Churathur Nadu. Churathur Nadu was named after Thiruchuram, the present-dayTrisulam. The Churathur Nadu extended from Tambaram in the south toAdambakkam andAlandur in the north. The region included the areas of Pammal, Pallavaram, and Thiruneermalai.[12][13]
During theCarnatic wars in the late 17th century, the city was an entrenchment camp for theBritish East India Company. During the 17th century, Pallavaram neighborhood of the city remained dependent upon the Portuguese colony ofSan Thome. Later, the British established a cantonment at Pallavaram, supplementary to the one atSt. Thomas Mount.
Awireless station was established in the early years of the 20th century. The Madras Aerodrome was opened at Pallavaram in 1929.
In the 1951 census, Tambaram was classified as aTown Panchayat for the first time.[1] In 1964, Tambaram Town Panchayat was incorporated as a Grade III Municipality by annexing the Village Panchayats of Pulikoradu, Kadapperi, Tambaram, Irumbliyur, and Selaiyur.[14][15]
Due to rapid development and growth of the town commercially and residentially, the Municipality was classified as a 'Selection Grade Municipality'.[14] The extent of the municipality was 20.72 km2 (8.00 sq mi). The revenue villages under this municipality are Pulikoradu, Kadapperi, Tambaram, Irumbliyur, and Selaiyur. The number of households is 26,333, the number of notified slums is 17 and the number of unnotified slums is 7.[16] The Tambaram range comprises forest lands in Nanmangalam, Madurapakkam, Tambaram, Pulikoradu, Kumili, Vandalur, Onnamancherry, Erumaiyur, Vattampakkam and Vadakupattu.[17]
In 2009, Tambaram taluk was trifurcated into Tambaram, Sholinganallur and Alandur taluks. Clubbing all the three taluks, a new revenue division with Tambaram as headquarters was formed.[18]
TheTambaram City Municipal Corporation was established to address administrative challenges stemming from rapid urbanization in the Tambaram region.[5][19][20] On 24 August 2021, Tamil Nadu’s Minister forMunicipal Administration,K. N. Nehru, announced a proposal in theLegislative Assembly to create the corporation by merging five municipalities (Anakaputhur,Pallavaram,Pammal,Sembakkam and Tambaram), five town panchayats (Chitlapakkam,Madambakkam,Perungaluthur,Peerkangaranai andTiruneermalai), and 15 villages from the St Thomas Mount Panchayat Union.[21] However, the inclusion of the villages was halted after theSupreme Court of India mandated rural local body elections by October 2021.[22] Consequently, these villages were excluded from the final plan. The Tambaram City Municipal Corporation Act of 2022 formally established Tambaram City under the municipal corporation’s governance, incorporating only the municipalities and town panchayats. The excluded villages are anticipated to merge with the city after their elected term concludes in 2026.[23]
Tambaram features atropical savanna climate with a dry winter. Tambaram lies on thethermal equator and is also coastal, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. For most of the year, the weather is hot andhumid. The hottest part of the year is late May and early June, known locally asAgni Nakshatram ("fiery star") or asKathiri Veyyil, with maximum temperatures around 38–42 °C (100–108 °F). The coolest part of the year is January, with minimum temperatures around 18–20 °C (64–68 °F). The lowest temperature recorded is 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) and highest 45 °C (113 °F)(30 May 2003) both being recorded at the observatory at IMD Numgambakkam.[24][25]
The average annualrainfall is about 1,400 mm (55 in). The city gets most of itsseasonal rainfall from the north-eastmonsoon winds, from mid-September to mid-December.Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal sometimes hit Tambaram. The highest annual rainfall recorded is 2,570 mm (101 in) in 2005 for IMD Nungambakkam.[26] The most prevailing winds in Tambaram is the Southwesterly between the end of May to end of September and the Northeasterly during the rest of the year.
| Climate data for Tambaram, Tamil Nadu, India (Nungambakkam) 1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.4 (93.9) | 36.7 (98.1) | 41.3 (106.3) | 42.8 (109.0) | 45.0 (113.0) | 43.3 (109.9) | 41.1 (106.0) | 40.0 (104.0) | 38.9 (102.0) | 39.4 (102.9) | 35.4 (95.7) | 33.0 (91.4) | 45.0 (113.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) | 30.9 (87.6) | 32.9 (91.2) | 34.5 (94.1) | 37.1 (98.8) | 37.0 (98.6) | 35.3 (95.5) | 34.7 (94.5) | 34.2 (93.6) | 32.1 (89.8) | 29.9 (85.8) | 28.9 (84.0) | 33.1 (91.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.2 (77.4) | 26.6 (79.9) | 28.7 (83.7) | 30.9 (87.6) | 32.9 (91.2) | 32.4 (90.3) | 30.9 (87.6) | 30.3 (86.5) | 29.8 (85.6) | 28.4 (83.1) | 26.5 (79.7) | 25.3 (77.5) | 29.0 (84.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.2 (70.2) | 22.2 (72.0) | 24.2 (75.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.5 (81.5) | 26.4 (79.5) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.6 (78.1) | 24.6 (76.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 24.8 (76.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 20.0 (68.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 20.6 (69.1) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.5 (68.9) | 20.6 (69.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 15.0 (59.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 13.9 (57.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 25.9 (1.02) | 3.4 (0.13) | 3.5 (0.14) | 14.4 (0.57) | 34.2 (1.35) | 55.8 (2.20) | 103.8 (4.09) | 126.8 (4.99) | 147.7 (5.81) | 315.6 (12.43) | 399.9 (15.74) | 177.4 (6.98) | 1,382.9 (54.44) |
| Average rainy days | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 5.8 | 58.8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 67 | 66 | 67 | 70 | 68 | 63 | 65 | 66 | 71 | 76 | 76 | 71 | 69 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 232.5 | 240.1 | 291.4 | 294.0 | 300.7 | 234.0 | 142.6 | 189.1 | 195.0 | 257.3 | 261.0 | 210.8 | 2,848.5 |
| Mean dailysunshine hours | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 7.8 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 6.8 | 7.8 |
| Source 1: Indian Meteorological Department | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Japan Meteorological Agency[27] | |||||||||||||
Some of the notable lakes in and around the suburb areChitlapakkam Lake,Pallavaram Lake (locally known as Periya eri), Thiruneermalai Lake, Thirupananthal Lake, Peerkankaranai Lake, and Perungalathur Lake.
Tambaram is governed by theTambaram City Municipal Corporation, which was established on November 3, 2021.[32] The executive authority is vested inCorporation Commissioner.[32]
The council of Tambaram City Municipal Corporation consists of electedcouncillors from each ward. The council is presided over by the mayor who is indirectly elected by the councillors.[32] The mayor is the head of the city government, but the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the corporation commissioner. The office of the mayor combines a functional role of chairing the city government meeting as well as a ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the city.[32] Deputy mayor is appointed by the mayor for a five-year term.[32]
When Tambaram City Municipal Corporation was established on 3 November 2021, it consisted of 70 wards under 5 zones.[32]
At the present, the corporation is governed bySecular Progressive Alliance which collectively holds 54 out of 70 seats in the council. The opposition is led byAll India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam which holds 9 seats in the council. The current mayor is Vasanthakumari Kamalakannan, who assumed the position on 4 March 2022. The current deputy mayor is G Kamaraj, who assumed the position on 4 March 2022.
On 1 January 2021, theTambaram Police Commissionerate was established as the city police administration of the City of Tambaram.[33][34]In September 2021, the government revealed its plans of reforming theGreater Chennai City Police and setting up two new commissionerates in Tambaram and Avadi. Subsequently, Director General of Police (DGP) M. Ravi was deputed as special officer to form the Commissionerate. The new Police Commissionerate in Tambaram was formally inaugurated by the Chief MinisterM. K. Stalin on 1 January 2022. Additional Director General of Police (ADGP) Amalraj IPS took over charge as Commissioner of Police ofTambaram City Police.[35]
The Tambaram police commissionerate functions with two police districts—Tambaram and Pallikaranai, comprising 20 police stations. For ease of administration, Somangalam and Manimangalam police stations from Kancheepuram district along with Otteri, Guduvanchery, Maraimalai Nagar, Thalambur and Kelambakkam police stations from Chengalpattu district have been attached to the Tambaram Police Commissionerate.[36]
TheChennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) is the nodal agency responsible for planning and development of Tambaram. It is responsible for all the threeMunicipal Corporation in theChennai Metropolitan Area—Tambaram City Municipal Corporation,Avadi Municipal Corporation,Greater Chennai Corporation andKancheepuram City Municipal Corporation.[37]
| Members of House of the People | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Sriperumbudur | |||||||||||||
| Party | Alliance | Member | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | DMK | UPA | T. R. Baalu | |||||||||||
| 2024[38] | DMK | INDIA | T. R. Baalu | |||||||||||
| Source:Election Commission of India | ||||||||||||||
| Members of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Pallavaram | Tambaram | ||||||||||||
| Party | Member | Party | Member | |||||||||||
| 2021 | DMK | I. Karunanithi | DMK | S. R. Raja | ||||||||||
| Source:Election Commission of India | ||||||||||||||
| Popular vote | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | AAP | AIADMK | BJP | CPI(M) | DMDK | DMK | INC | |||||||
| Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | |
| 2022[39] | 1.05 | — | 24.65% | — | 5.98% | — | 0.79% | — | 2.62% | — | 39.92% | — | 2.26% | — |
| Source:Tamil Nadu State Election Commission | ||||||||||||||
| Seats | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | AAP | AIADMK | BJP | CPI(M) | DMDK | DMK | INC | |||||||
| Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
| 2022[39] | 0 | — | 9 | — | 0 | — | 1 | — | 0 | — | 50 | — | 2 | — |
| Source:Tamil Nadu State Election Commission | ||||||||||||||
| Population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Population | ±%p.a |
| 2021 (est.) | 960,887 | +3.29% |
| 2011 | 722,982 | — |
| Source:Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | ||
According to the2011 Census of India conducted by theOffice of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Tambaram had a population of 722,982, with 364,012 being male and 358,970 being female.[3] The 2021 population estimates project the population of Tambaram at 960,887.[40][41]
| Sex Ratio | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Relative Difference | |||
| Sex Ratio | ±%p.a | Tamil Nadu | India | |
| 2011 | 986 | — |  −10 |  +43 |
| Source:Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | ||||
| Gender Parity in Adult Literacy | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Relative Difference | |||
| Literacy | ±%p.a | Tamil Nadu | India | |
| 2011 | 0.93 | — | +0.09 | +0.14 |
| Source:Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | ||||
| Caste | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | SCs | STs | OBCs | Others | ||||
| % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | |
| 2011 | 15.09% | — | 0.57% | — | — | — | 84.32% | — |
| Source:Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | ||||||||
| Native Language Speakers | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Tamil | Telugu | Urdu | Malayalam | Hindi | Kannada | ||||||
| % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | |
| 2011[42] | 87.02% | — | 8.14% | — | 2.37% | — | 2.10% | — | 1.44% | — | 0.77% | — |
| Source:Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | ||||||||||||
| Religion | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Hindus | Christians | Muslims | Jains | Sikhs | Buddhist | ||||||
| % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | |
| 2011[43] | 82.97% | — | 10.23% | — | 6.47% | — | 0.19% | — | 0.05% | — | 0.03% | — |
| Source:Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | ||||||||||||
When established, Tambaram City Municipal Corporation was estimated to earn₹ 3 billion in revenue approximately through local bodies connected to it.[44]
Madras Export Processing Zone (MEPZ) is aspecial economic zone located onGST Road, six kilometres (3.7 mi) south ofChennai International Airport. It is one of the seven export processing zones in the country set up by the central government.[45] It was established in 1984 to promoteforeign direct investment, enhanceforeign exchange earnings, and create greater employment opportunities in the region.[46]
The zone is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industries and caters to the needs of units within the SEZ, in addition to monitoring the functions of 100-percent export-oriented units (EOUs) located inTamil Nadu,Pondicherry, andAndaman & Nicobar Islands.[47] The zone is headed by a development commissioner.
Spread over an area of 265 acres (109 hectares),[47] MEPZ SEZ is a multi-product zone housing 117 functional units.[48] In addition, another 27 units are under various stages of implementation.[48] The zone employs over 26,000 people.[47] In the manufacturing front, there are 110 SME units in the zone. MEPZ's manufacturing sector employs nearly 20,000 people.[47] IT companies housed in the zone includeCognizant Technology Solutions, Computer Sciences Corporation, CSS and HTC Global Services among others.[46] About 50 container trucks arrive at and leave the zone every day.[49]
Dhenupureeswarar Temple is also known as Dhenupurisvara, and Thiripureeswarar temple. These names are colloquial name ofHindu deityShiva. The temple is located in the area ofMadambakkam and it was built during the reign ofParantaka Chola II (r. 962–980 CE).[50]
Thegarbhagriha, which is Sanskrit equivalent ofsanctum sanctorum,[51] houses the primary deity Dhenupureeswara in linga form.[50] The maingarbhagriha is apsidal in shape and this is a characteristic feature of Shiva Temples built duringChola Period.[52] This type ofgarbhagriha are known as gajaprishtavimana, where "gajaprishta" literally means "back of an elephant" inSamskrit.[53] This type ofvimana here is a separate south-facinggarbhagriha for the Dhenupureeswarar's Consort Goddess Dhenukambal adjacent to the main garbhagriha.
The temple is one of the 163megalithic sites in the state of Tamil Nadu.[54] The temple has been declared a monument of national importance under theAncient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (amendment and validation) 2010 Act.[55] The temple has been conserved and restored byArchaeological Survey of India.[56]
TheTambaram Railway Station serves as one of the four primary terminals of theIndian Railways in theChennai Metropolitan Area. The other three terminals areChennai Central,Chennai Egmore,Chennai Beach. The inter-state railway service is provided bySouthern Railway of Indian Railways. The inter-city railway service is provided byChennai Suburban Railway operated by Indian Railways.
Similar toChennai Egmore Station,Tambaram Railway Station provides access to destinations primarily within Tamil Nadu; however, it also handles a few interstate trains.
TheChennai Suburban Railway is acommuter rail system in theChennai Metropolitan Area, operated by theIndian Railways. Every day, 160 train services are operated between Chennai Beach and Tambaram, 70 between Tambaram and Chengalpet and 16 between Tambaram and Kancheepuram.[57]
The City is served by theSouth Line ofChennai Suburban Railway which runs betweenChennai Beach toChengalpattu. The South Line connects Tambaram with seven major interchange stations out of the eight in Chennai Suburban Railway Network.
The longest circular train in India runs through Tambaram, connecting the City withChennai Beach,Egmore,Chengalpattu,Kanchipuram,Takkolam,Arakkonam Junction,Tiruvallur,Avadi,Ambattur,Vyasarpadi Jeeva,Washermanpet andRoyapuram.
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