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When do the members of the House of Representatives terms begin: on election day, on the first day of the special special session, or some day in between? I ask because the constitution says that their term is four years, so one would need to know when their terms begin to know when the term expires, starting the clock for a general election. -Rrius (talk)08:55, 24 September 2008 (UTC)[reply]
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Not only the colours don't match: As the file name and file date indicate, the graphics in the infobox shows House of Representatives caucuses as they were in February 2019. The list in the infobox lists parties with apparently freely invented numbers without reference and without date. The section "current composition" lists the current composition by kaiha/caucus/parliamentary group [or if you prefer HR.go.jp.Engrish: "in-house group"] as given by the House of Representatives website.[or almost current – that was briefly before the DPFP-LP merger, but that didn't affect caucuses, as the two parties had already formed joint caucuses in both houses of the Diet earlier this year] An (unreferenced, but more likely correct) current numerical breakdown of the caucuses into members by party can be found inja:衆議院#院内勢力. --Asakura Akira (talk)14:17, 6 May 2019 (UTC)[reply]
We need a sentence or paragraph describing how vacancies in the house are filled. For instance, I am still confused howMari Kushibuchi got her seat last year. Every article I've been able to translate mentions an election, but it seems it was her performance in the 2021 general election which was used; it doesn't seem like a typical by-election. Do the seats automatically stay with the party, and then the party decides how to fill them?Criticalthinker (talk)08:58, 13 July 2023 (UTC)[reply]
If the English Wikipedia were to convey more clearly that the electoral system for either of the houses of the National Diet actually consists of two entirely separate electoral systems (Parallel voting), that would be easier. Because then, you realize that for each house, there are two separate sets of constituencies/electoral districts, two separate popular votes, two separate seat distributions, and thus, two separate sets of seats/members. For the vacancies this means:
Vacancies in proportional seats [+majoritarian vacancies in the H.C. within three months after the regular election] are filled by runner-up (kuriage-tōsen,ja:繰り上げ当選); that means the next-ranked candidate (who is not disqualified/does not decline) from the list in the election for the seat in question takes the seat. [This is analogous to fully proportional/fully compensating electoral systems, e.g. "Nachrücker" in Germany.] Note that sometimes, this may nevertheless result in changes in party composition, for example recently,Tadatomo Yoshida (CDP) resigned from an H.C. proportional seat to stand in the by-election for an H.C. majoritarian seat; but since he had been elected in 2019 on the SDP proportional list and had only switched parties later, the runner-upYūko Ōtsubaki came from the SDP list and the SDP (re-)gained a seat.
Vacancies in majoritarian seats are filled in special/by-elections which are nowadays (for several decades, have to look up the exact year of the change) held in April / October.
As for Kushibuchi: She was the second-ranked candidate on the ReiShin list in the Tokyo proportional constituency/"block" in the 2021 general H.R. election (NHK Senkyo Web), so she was the runner-up for Tarō Yamamoto who resigned to be a candidate for the H.C. in the 2022 regular election.(In this instance, it was a resignation, but in many other cases it is an automatic seat-loss: Unlike the US for example, where you can run for some other office and then return after losing, in Japan, you automatically lose your old post as soon as you are officially [i.e. on the day of the legal election start/"official announcement" (kokuji orkōji depending on the type of election), the date usually gets deleted in the English Wikipedia when added] a candidate for incompatible office.)
Thanks. It seems it would be helpful and worthwhile to add a (short) subsection for how vacanies are filled on this article as described above. I'd do it, but I don't read Japanese.Criticalthinker (talk)05:29, 17 July 2023 (UTC)[reply]
The translation is literal, and also sometimes in use in this context (e.g.NDL: "Transcendental Cabinets"); but without context, it is highly ambiguous and very easily misunderstood. So in places without given 19th century constitutional context, and without a blue link/main article, it should be explained, and put in quotes/not be mentioned without the original term, I think. --Asakura Akira (talk)15:29, 28 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]
