| Talbot Hound | |
|---|---|
 Talbot Hound, 1445 depiction | |
| Origin | Uncertain, possiblyBelgium /France (Normandy) orEngland |
| Breed status | Extinct |
| Dog (domestic dog) | |
TheTalbot (also known as the St. Hubert Hound) was a type ofhunting hound common in England during theMiddle Ages. It is depicted in art of the period as small to medium-sized, white in colour, with short legs, large powerful feet, a deep chest with a slender waist, long drooping ears, and a very long curled tail. It is shown in one well-known example atHaddon Hall with a fierce facial expression. It is nowextinct, but is believed to be an ancestor of the modernBeagle[1] andBloodhound.[2] It is uncertain whether it was ascenthound (bred for the quality of its nose), asighthound (bred for the quality of sight and speed), or adog used for digging out quarry, nor is it known what type of quarry it hunted, whether deer, fox, boar, etc.
In medieval times, "Talbot" was a common name for an individual hound, as used before 1400 inChaucer's "The Nun's Priest's Tale" (line 3383), and is used as an example of a hound name in George Turberville's 1575 workThe Noble Art of Venerie or Huntyng.[3]
By the 17th century it clearly existed as a breed or type. Large, heavy, slow hounds were "talbot-like", whatever their colour, though the "milk white" was "the true talbot".[4] In his poem "The Chase",[5] published in 1735,William Somervile describes the use of "lime-hounds" (leash hounds) on the Scottish Borders to catch thieves, obviously referring to the Bloodhound and thesleuth hound, but adds that the (white) Talbot was the "prime" example of this type of hound.
The origin of both the name and the animal is uncertain. In a quotation from about 1449, the king referred toJohn Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury as "Talbott, oure good dogge", perhaps as a play on his name, or in allusion to that family'sheraldic badge.[6] In a 1445 illuminated manuscript in the British Library[7] John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury is depicted presenting a Book of Romances to QueenMargaret of Anjou, with a short-legged and long-eared white hound standing behind him, which serves to identify him symbolically. It is very similar to a 15th-century depiction on a ceiling at Haddon Hall, Derbyshire, made following the marriage of SirHenry Vernon (1445–1515) to Ann Talbot, daughter ofJohn Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury.
The Talbot and the Greyhound were, apparently, the onlyhounds used inEnglish heraldry, and it could be that the Talbot originated as an emblematic or heraldic hound.[8] References to this heraldic Talbot seem to be earlier than any references to a real dog.[6] The Talbot appears in manycoats of arms, for instance in later ones of the Earls of Shrewsbury, in which two Talbots appear assupporters.[9][1]
It is quite plausible that from these beginnings the name "Talbot" was extended to any large, heavy, white scent hound, and from there helped to establish a breed or type. It was certainly similar to the Bloodhound ("white" is given as one of the colours of the Bloodhound in the 16th and 17th centuries)[10] as regards size, and as regards use to a leash-hound.[4]
As earliest references to this dog are much later than those to Bloodhounds, it cannot convincingly be regarded as an ancestor of the Bloodhound.[citation needed]
The Talbot seems to have existed as a breed, a little distinct from the Bloodhound, until the end of the 18th century,[11] after which, like two other large breeds to which it may have been related, theNorthern Hound and theSouthern Hound, it disappeared. Some early dog-shows apparently offered classes for Talbots, but attracted no entrants, so they were dropped.
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In heraldicblazonry, theTalbot is occasionally encountered representing a distinct variety of hound.
The mayor and corporation of the market town ofSudbury, Suffolk, has for arms:Sable, a talbot hound sejeant argent on a chief gules a lion passant guardant between two fleurs-de-lys or (a white hound sitting erect). The crest isA talbot head and neck erased. Such a hound is also used as a logo for a local school and for many local sports clubs. The dog is always depicted with its tongue protruding. This refers toSimon de Sudbury (c.1316–1381),Archbishop of Canterbury andLord Chancellor of England, born in the town, whose coat of arms wasA talbot hound sejeant within a bordure engrailed, as is visible sculpted in stone on a wall in the nave of theCanterbury Cathedral.[12]
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The arms of the Carter family of Castle Martin (seeCarter-Campbell of Possil) include a Talbot. The arms of theEarls Waldegrave have supporters of two Talbots. The Talbot Hound was also the symbol of Weston Road High School in the county town of Stafford, Staffordshire. It used to be used in all school stationery and was displayed as white on a navy blue background on ties and jumpers in the school uniform. It was removed when Weston Road became an academy. The Talbot also appears as asupporter in the arms of theMarquess of Sligo. The Earl of Talbot and Shrewsbury coat of arms was used on Talbot cars manufactured at a purpose-built factory at Barlby Road, Kensington, London and sold as Talbots until 1937. It is now used on the logo of the Talbot Owners' Club.
The arms ofBournemouth University have three Talbots on the shield, a reference to there being a University Campus on Talbot Heath.
The arms ofLady Margaret Hall, Oxford featuretwo talbots passant in reference to founderEdward Talbot (bishop).[13]
"The Talbot" (or "Talbot Arms") is most familiar as aname of English public houses or inns and is usually depicted on the signs as a large white hound with hanging ears, sometimes with spots.
Heraldic inn signs usually displayed the arms or heraldic badges of thelord of the manor in which they were situated, who was probably the owner of the freehold interest, together with that of most other houses in the village.[14] As the Talbot family possessed countless manors throughout England, the sign would have been well-known. Such signs helped to identify the inn for the illiterate. An inn calledThe Talbot inIwerne Minster, Dorset, U.K., showed as its sign ablack dog, apparently the crest of the Bower family, who owned the manor from the late Middle Ages till 1876.[15] The "Talbot Inn" inMells, Somerset is an allusion to the arms of theHorner family ofMells Manor:Sable, three talbots argent, the arms being possibly a play on the surname as hunting hounds are controlled by the blowing of horns.
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