Located at the site of an ancient Greek and medieval Italian colony, modern Taganrog was founded in 1698. Contested by various factions duringWorld War I and theRussian Civil War, the city served as the temporary Soviet Ukrainian capital in 1918.
The history of the city goes back to the lateBronze Age–earlyIron Age. Later, it became the earliestGreek settlement in the northwesternBlack Sea region and was probably mentioned by the Greek historianHerodotus asemporion Kremnoi (Κρήμνοι, meaning cliffs).[16] It had contacts as well to the other Greek colonies around the Black Sea as well as to the indigenous communities of the hinterland.[17]
In the 13th century,Pisan merchants founded a colony, Portus Pisanus, which was however short-lived.[18][19]
By the end of the 18th century, Taganrog had lost its importance as a military base afterCrimea and the entireSea of Azov were absorbed into theRussian Empire. In 1802,Tsar Alexander I granted the cityspecial status, which lasted until 1887. In 1825, theAlexander I Palace in Taganrog was used as his summer residence, and he died there in November 1825. Also in Taganrog is theHouse of Teacher, a mansion where numerous artists have performed.
Plaque commemorating the foundation of theCommunist Party of Ukraine in 1918 in the former Bristol Hotel
DuringWorld War I, Taganrog served as the temporary capital of theUkrainian Soviet Republic in March-April 1918.[21] Afterwards it was occupied by the troops of theGerman Army from May to August 1918. In 1919, GeneralAnton Denikin established his headquarters at the Avgerino mansion in the city while commandingWhite Russian troops fighting inSouth Russia during theRussian Civil War. When the White Russians were defeated andBolshevik power was established in the city on 25 December 1919, Denikin's remaining troops and the British Consulate were evacuated byHMSMontrose. Full power was granted to the executive committee of The City Soviet Workers' council on 17 December 1920, and Taganrog joined theUkrainian SSR as theadministrative center of Taganrog Okrug. It was transferred to theRussian SFSR along withShakhty Okrug on 1 October 1924.
DuringWorld War II, Taganrog was occupied byNazi Germany from 1941 to 1943 duringOperation Barbarossa, when twoSS divisions entered the city on 17 October 1941, followed by theWehrmacht. The city suffered extensive damage. Under German occupation thelocal government system was replaced by a German-styleBürgermeisteramt (Mayor's Office), which governed the city until it was liberated by theRed Army on 30 August 1943.[citation needed]
Taganrog is the leading industrial center of Rostov Oblast. Local industry is represented by aerospace, machine-building, automobile, military, iron and steel industry, engineering, metal traders and processors, timber, woodwork, pulp and paper, food, light, chemical and construction materials. The city is one of the major ports of theSea of Azov.
The biggest company currently operating in Taganrog isTaganrog Iron & Steel Factory, (publicly traded company Tagmet), which manufactures steel, steel pipe, for oil and gas industry and consumer goods. The other major employer is Taganrog Auto Factory (TagAZ Ltd.), which originated from Taganrog Combine Harvester Factory. The plant manufactures automobiles licensed by Hyundai. The production line includes Hyundai Accent compact sedan, mid-size Hyundai Sonata, sport utility vehicle Santa Fe, and Hyundai Porter pickup truck. Taganrog is also home to the aircraft design bureauBeriev.
The area around Taganrog has a large industrial potential, a diversified agricultural industry, production plants, and a modern infrastructure. The location of Taganrog on the intersection of traffic routes and the seaport facilitate access to the emergingCIS markets.
The climate of Taganrog istemperate (Köppen climate classificationCfa/Dfa). Taganrog experiences moderately cold (mild by Russian standards) winters and hot summers.
Climate data for Taganrog (1991–2020, extremes 1905–present)
The legend of "ElderFyodor Kuzmich" is cited in the bookRoza Mira by Russian mysticDaniil Andreyev. According to this legend, the Russian tsar Alexander I did not die in Taganrog, but instead left his crown and the status of monarch to continue his life as a traveling hermit.[25]
In 2004Sabine Wichert published a collection of poems entitledTaganrog.
InMaria Kuncewiczowa's 1945 novelThe Stranger (New York, LB Fischer publisher), the city of Taganrog plays an essential role as a place of nostalgic happiness for the uprooted Polish musician and matriarch, Rose.
Numerous Russian and international aristocrats, politicians, artists, and scientists were born and/or have lived in Taganrog. Taganrog is the native city of
^Huy, Sabine (2023).Praktiken der Aneignung. Kulturelle Kontakte im nordöstlichen Azovraum vom späten 7.–3. Jh. v. Chr. Wiesbaden: Reichert,ISBN9783752006285.
^abcSłownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich (in Polish). Vol. XII. Warszawa. 1892. p. 142.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Городская Дума Таганрога. Решение №537 от 25 октября 2007 г. «Об официальных символах муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"», в ред. Решения №73 от 31 марта 2015 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые Решения Городской Думы города Таганрога». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Официальный Таганрог", №35, 10 ноября 2007 г. (City Duma of Taganrog. Decision #537 of October 25, 2007On the Official Symbols of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog", as amended by the Decision #73 of March 31, 2015On Amending Various Decisions of the City Duma of the City of Taganrog. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
Городская Дума города Таганрога. Решение №318 от 3 июня 2011 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"», в ред. Решения №243 от 29 сентября 2016 г «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования, произведённого после регистрации. Опубликован: "Официальный вестник Таганрога", №16, 25 июля 2011 г. (City Duma of the City of Taganrog. Decision #318 of June 3, 2011On Adopting the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog", as amended by the Decision #243 of September 29, 2016On Amending and Supplementing the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog". Effective as of the day of the official publication after the registration.).
Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №340-ЗС от 25 июля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области», в ред. Закона №270-ЗС от 27 ноября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Наше время", №187–190, 28 июля 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #340-ZS of July 28, 2005On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast, as amended by the Law #270-ZS of November 27, 2014On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №190-ЗС от 19 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границы и наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"», в ред. Закона №980-ЗС от 25 октября 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в областные Законы "Об установлении границы и наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования "Город Таганрог" и "Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования "Неклиновский район" и муниципальных образований в его составе"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Наше время", №293–295 (без приложений), 30 ноября 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #190-ZS of November 19, 2004On Establishing the Border and Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog", as amended by the Law #980-ZS of October 25, 2012On Amending the Oblast Laws "On Establishing the Border and Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog" and "On Establishing the Borders and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of "Neklinovsky District" and to the Municipal Formations It Comprises". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
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