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Tacoma-class frigate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Frigate class of ships of the United States Navy

Class overview
NameTacoma-class frigate
Builders
Operators
Preceded byAsheville-class patrol frigate
Succeeded bynone
SubclassesColony class
Cost$2.3 million[2]
Built1943–1945
In commission1943–2000
Planned100
Completed96
Cancelled4
Lost2
Retired94
Preserved3
General characteristics
TypeFrigate
Displacement
  • 1,430long tons (1,450 t) (light load)
  • 2,415 long tons (2,454 t) (full load)
Length303 ft 11 in (92.63 m)
Beam37 ft 6 in (11.43 m)
Draft13 ft 8 in (4.17 m)
Installed power
Propulsion
Speed20.3 kn (37.6 km/h; 23.4 mph)
Complement190
Armament

TheTacoma class was aclass of 96patrol frigates which served in theUnited States Navy duringWorld War II and theKorean War. Originally classified asgunboats (PG), they were reclassified as patrol frigates (PF) on 15 April 1943. The class is named for itslead ship,Tacoma, aMaritime Commission (MARCOM) S2-S2-AQ1 design, which in turn was named for the city ofTacoma, Washington. Twenty-one ships were transferred to the BritishRoyal Navy, in which they were known asColony-class frigates, and twenty-eight ships were transferred underLend-Lease to theSoviet Navy, where they were designated asstorozhevoi korabl ("escort ships"), during World War II. AllTacoma-class ships in US service during World War II were manned byUnited States Coast Guard crews.Tacoma-class ships were transferred to the United States Coast Guard and various navies post-World War II.

Design

[edit]

In 1942, the success ofGermansubmarines againstAllied shipping and the shortage of escorts with which to protect Alliedsea lines of communication convinced US PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt of a need to engage mercantile shipbuilders in the construction of warships for escort duty. TheUnited States Maritime Commission (MARCOM), which oversaw the wartime merchant shipbuilding program, proposed to meet this requirement by building a version of the BritishRiver-class frigate, aRoyal Navy ship type built tomercantile standards in British shipyards experienced in building commercial ships.[3][4] TwoRiver-class ships under construction inMontreal, Quebec, Canada, asHMS Adur (for the Royal Navy) andHMCS Annan (for theRoyal Canadian Navy), were transferred to the US Navy in 1942, prior to completion, as prototypes for theTacoma class and became theAsheville-classAsheville (PF-1) andNatchez (PF-2), respectively.

Thenaval architecture firm ofGibbs & Cox, designed theTacoma class by modifying the River class to American requirements. TheTacoma-class units were designed and armed to serve mostly asanti-submarine warfare (ASW) ships. They were distinguished from the River class primarily by their pole (instead of the British tripod)foremast and lighter main guns,3-inch (76.2-millimetre)/50 caliber gun instead of the British4-inch (102-millimetre)/40 caliber gun, and they had an American rather than British powerplant.

TheTacoma-class was designed to take advantage of American construction techniques employingprefabrication. Unlike most other types of warship, theTacomas, like theRivers, were built to mercantile standards. With the proven effectiveness of theRiver class on escort duty, MARCOM's goal was to allow commercial shipyards without prior experience of naval construction standards to build effective warships more cheaply and efficiently. MARCOM had hoped that the US Navy, some members of which doubted that the commercial shipyards could build a sturdy enough warship, would accept them because of the proven service record of theRiver-class ships which inspired their design.[3][4]

The resulting ships had a greater range than the superficially similardestroyer escorts, but the US Navy viewed them as decidedly inferior in all other respects. TheTacoma class had a much larger turning circle than a destroyer escort, lacked sufficient ventilation for warm-weather operations – a reflection of their original British design and its emphasis on operations in the North Atlantic Ocean – and were criticized as far too hot below decks, and, because of the mercantile style of their hulls, had far less resistance to underwater explosions than ships built to naval standards like the destroyer escorts.[4]

Like their predecessorsAsheville andNatchez, theTacoma-class ships built for the US Navy all were named after small cities in the United States.[3]

Construction program

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In November 1942, MARCOM gave its West Coast Regional Office the responsibility for coordinating the construction of the ships of theTacoma class, which were to be split between commercial shipyards on theUnited States West Coast and five shipyards on theGreat Lakes, the latter in particular chosen because they had building ways available for use in theTacoma program. MARCOM tendered a contract toKaiser Cargo, Inc., ofOakland, California, to prepare detailed specifications based on the Gibbs & Cox design and to manage the overall construction program.[3]

On 8 December 1942, MARCOM contracted for 69Tacoma-class ships, for which the US Navy dropped the British "corvette" designation in favor of classifying theTacomas (along with the twoAsheville-class ships that preceded them) as "patrol gunboats" (PG); on 15 April 1943, the twoAshevilles and allTacomas were reclassified as "patrol frigates" (PF). Kaiser Cargo itself received an order for 12 ships; theConsolidated Steel Corporation, ofWilmington, California, received an order for 18; theAmerican Ship Building Company, received an order for 11, with four to be built atCleveland, Ohio, and eight atLorain, Ohio; theWalter Butler Shipbuilding Company, ofSuperior, Wisconsin, received an order for 12;Froemming Brothers, Inc., ofMilwaukee, received an order for four; theGlobe Shipbuilding Company, of Superior, Wisconsin, received an order for eight; and theLeathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Company, ofSturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, received an order for eight. American Shipbuilding later received an order for another six (four at Cleveland and two at Lorain), bringing the total orders for the US Navy to 79 ships, while theWalsh-Kaiser Company, ofProvidence, Rhode Island, received an order for 21 additional ships, all of which were to be transferred to the Royal Navy, where they were known as theColony class, bringing the total planned construction to 100 units. Four ships scheduled for construction at Lorain, by American Shipbuilding,Stamford,Macon,Lorain, andMilledgeville (ex-Vallejo), were cancelled in December 1943 and February 1944, dropping the ultimate total ofTacoma-class ships built to 96.[1][3]

From the beginning, the construction program was plagued by difficulties which caused it to fall far behind schedule. Unfamiliar with the capabilities of the Great Lakes yards, Kaiser Cargo used prefabrication techniques unsuited to the Great Lakes yards' smallercranes and had to rework them. Ice prevented patrol frigates built on the Great Lakes from transiting theSoo Locks on theSt. Marys River betweenLake Superior andLake Michigan in the winter and spring, requiring them to be floated down theMississippi River onpontoons toNew Orleans orHouston forfitting out, often doubling their construction time. Delays became so lengthy that shipyards began to deliver the ships in such an incomplete state thatshakedown and post-shakedown periods of repair and alteration took months for some of them.Bilge keels that cracked in rough seas or cold weather, failures in the welds holding thedeckhouse to the deck, engine trouble, and ventilation problems plagued all of the ships. As a result, noTacoma-class ship wascommissioned until late in 1943, none were ready for service until 1944, and the last one,USS Alexandria (PF-18), was not commissioned until March 1945. The ships Consolidated Steel built proved the most reliable, while Kaiser Cargo-built units were the most trouble-prone; among the latter,Tacoma took ten months of shakedown and repairs to be ready after her commissioning, andPasco proved equally difficult to make ready for service.[5]

Service

[edit]

By the time the firstTacoma-class ships were ready for front-line service in 1944, the US Navy's requirement for them had passed, thanks to a decline in the threat fromAxis submarines, and the availability of ample numbers ofdestroyers and destroyer escorts, which the Navy regarded as much superior to theTacoma class. The Navy crewed all of theTacoma-class ships withUnited States Coast Guard personnel. The Consolidated Steel-built ships, thanks to their superior reliability and performance, all saw service in thePacific war zone where one,Rockford, teamed with theminesweeperArdent to sink the Japanese submarineI-12 in November 1944, but the US Navy generally relegated the patrol frigates to local training and escort responsibilities, and to duty asweather ships, for which the aft-mounted 3-inch gun was removed in order to allow the installation of aweather balloonhangar.[3][4]

The United States built an additional 21Tacoma-class ships for the United Kingdom for service in the Royal Navy, where they were known as theColony class, and all but one of them initially received British names, rather than the names of small US cities, while still US Navy ships; they were returned to the United States between 1946 and 1948. Eighteen of these were quickly scrapped, but two were sold toEgypt, for use as civilian passenger ships, and one toArgentina, for service as a warship in theArgentine Navy.[6][7][8]

As a part ofProject Hula, a secret 1945 program that transferred 149 US Navy ships to theSoviet Navy atCold Bay, Alaska, in anticipation of theSoviet Union joining thewar against Japan, the US Navy transferred 28Tacoma-class ships to the Soviet Navy between July and September 1945. They were the largest, most heavily armed, and most expensive ships transferred during the program. At least some of them saw action in theSoviet offensive against Japanese forces in Northeast Asia, in August 1945. The transfer of two more,Annapolis andBangor, was cancelled when transfers halted on 5 September 1945. One of the transferred ships,EK-3 (ex-Belfast), ran aground and was damaged beyond economical repair in a November 1948 storm offPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but the Soviet Union returned the other 27 frigates to the United States in October and November 1949.[9]

The US Navy quickly decommissioned 23Tacoma-class ships after the end of World War II, after only very brief US Navy careers, and sold them for scrap in 1947 and 1948, although one, the formerCharlotte, was saved from the scrapyard to become a Brazilian merchant ship. The 27 ships the Soviet Union returned in 1949 went into the US Navy'sPacific Reserve Fleet in Japan; 13 of them were recommissioned for US Navy service in theKorean War, but all 27 soon were transferred to the navies of other countries. The other 25Tacoma-class ships never returned to service in the US Navy and also were transferred to foreign countries. In the post-World War II era,Tacoma-class patrol frigates operated in theJapan Maritime Self-Defense Force, theRepublic of Korea Navy, and the Argentine,Belgian,Colombian,Cuban,Dominican,Ecuadorian,French,Mexican,Royal Netherlands,Peruvian, andRoyal Thai navies, and one ship operated as a civilian weather ship for the government of the Netherlands.[4] In foreign navies, manyTacoma-class ships survived into the 1960s and 1970s, and the last operator ofTacoma-class patrol frigates,Thailand, did not retire its two ships until 2000.

List of ships

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TheTacoma-class ships, listed in order of US Navyhull number, and their dates of active service and fates follow.[1][7][8]

Service data
Ship nameHull no.Dates of U.S. Navy serviceLoan in warLater loanFinal disposition
TacomaPF-3(1943–1945, 1950–1951)To Soviet Navy asEK-11 (1945–1949)To Republic of Korea Navy asROKS Taedong (PF-63) (1951–1973)Preserved in South Korea, 1973
SausalitoPF-4(1944–1945, 1950–1952)To Soviet Navy asEK-16 (1945–1949)To Republic of Korea Navy asROKS Imchin (PF-66) (1952–1973)Scrapped, 1973
HoquiamPF-5(1944–1945, 1950–1951)Soviet Navy asEK-13 (1945–1949)Republic of Korea Navy asROKS Nae Tong (PF-65) (1951–1973)Scrapped, 1973
PascoPF-6(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-12 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Kashi (PF-283) (1953–1967)South Korea for parts, 1969
AlbuquerquePF-7(1943–1945, 1950–1953)Soviet Navy asEK-14 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Tochi (PF-296) (1951–1969)United States for disposal, 1971
EverettPF-8(1944–1945, 1950–1953)Soviet Navy asEK-15 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Kiri (PF-291) (1953–1975)United States for disposal, 1976
PocatelloPF-9(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
BrownsvillePF-10(1944–1946)To US Coast Guard asUSCGC Brownsville (1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
Grand ForksPF-11(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
CasperPF-12(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
PuebloPF-13(1944–1946)Dominican Navy asPresidente Troncoso (F103) (laterGregorio Luperón) (1948–1979)Scrapped, 1982
Grand IslandPF-14(1944–1945)Cuban Navy asMaximo Gomez (F303) (1947-1970s?)Unknown
AnnapolisPF-15(1944–1946)Mexican Navy asARM General Vicente Guerrero (laterARM Río Usumacinta) (1947–1964)Scrapped, 1964
BangorPF-16(1944–1946)US Coast Guard asUSCGC Bangor (1946)
To Mexican Navy asARM General José María Morelos (laterARM Golfo de Tehuantepec)
Scrapped, 1964
Key WestPF-17(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
AlexandriaPF-18(1945–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
HuronPF-19(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
GulfportPF-20(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
BayonnePF-21(1945, 1950–1953)Soviet Navy asEK-25 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Buna (PF-294) (1953–1965)Sunk as target, 1968
GloucesterPF-22(1943–1945, 1950–1952)Soviet Navy asEK-26 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Tsuge (PF-292) (1953–1968)United States for disposal, 1969
ShreveportPF-23(1943–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
MuskegonPF-24(1944–1946)To US Coast Guard asUSCGC Muskegon (1946)
French Navy asMermoz (F714) (1947-late 1950s)
Scrapped, late 1950s
CharlottesvillePF-25(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-1 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Matsu (PF-286) (1953–1969)United States for disposal, 1972
PoughkeepsiePF-26(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-27 (1945–1949)Japanese Merchant Marine (1951), then Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Momi (PF-284) (1953–1969)South Korea for parts, 1969
NewportPF-27(1944–1945, 1950–1952)Soviet Navy asEK-28 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Kaede (PF-293) (1953–1972)United States for disposal, 1975
EmporiaPF-28(1944–1946)French Navy asLe Verrier (F716) (1947–1958)Scrapped, 1958
GrotonPF-29(1944–1946)Colombian Navy asARC Almirante Padilla (F-11) (1947–1965)Stricken, 1965
HinghamPF-30(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
Grand RapidsPF-31(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
WoonsocketPF-32(1944–1946)US Coast Guard asUSCGC Woonsocket (1946)
Peruvian Navy asBAP Teniente Gálvez (F-1) (laterBAP Gálvez) (1948–1961)
Scrapped
Dearborn (ex-Toledo)PF-33(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
Long BeachPF-34(1943–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-2 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Shii (PF-297) (1953–1967)Scrapped, 1967
BelfastPF-35(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-3 (1945–1948)Wrecked, 1948
GlendalePF-36(1944–1945, 1950–1951)Soviet Navy asEK-6 (1945–1949)Royal Thai Navy asHTMS Tachin (PF-1) (1951–2000)Preserved, 2001
San PedroPF-37(1943–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-5 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Kaya (PF-288) (1953–1967)To United States for disposal, 1978; sunk as target
CoronadoPF-38(1943–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-8 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Sugi (PF-285) (1953–1969)To United States for disposal, 1971
OgdenPF-39(1943–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-10 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Kusu (PF-281) (1953–1976)To United States for disposal, 1977
EugenePF-40(1944–1946)Cuban Navy asJosé Martí (F301) (1947–1976)Scrapped, 1976
El PasoPF-41(1943–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
Van BurenPF-42(1943–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
OrangePF-43(1944–1946)Sold, 1947; scrapped, 1948
Corpus ChristiPF-44(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
HutchinsonPF-45(1944–1946)Mexican Navy asARM California (1947–1964)Sold for scrapping, 1964
BisbeePF-46(1944–1945, 1950–1951)Soviet Navy asEK-17 (1945–1949)Colombian Navy asARC Capitán Tono (F-12) (1952–1963)Scrapped, 1963
GallupPF-47(1944–1945, 1950–1951)Soviet Navy asEK-22 (1945–1949)Royal Thai Navy asHTMS Prasae (PF-2) (1951–2000)Preserved, 2000
RockfordPF-48(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-18 (1945–1949)Republic of Korea Navy asROKS Apnok (PF-62) (1950–1952)To United States for disposal, 1952; sunk as target, 1953
MuskogeePF-49(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-19 (1945–1949)Republic of Korea Navy asROKS Duman (PF-61) (1950)Unknown
Carson CityPF-50(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-20 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Sakura (PF-290) (1953–1971)Sold for scrapping, 1971
BurlingtonPF-51(1944–1945, 1951–1952)Soviet Navy asEK-21 (1945–1949)Colombian Navy asARC Almirante Brión (F-14) (1953–1968)Scrapped, 1968
AllentownPF-52(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-9 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Ume (PF-289) (1953–1970)To United States for disposal, 1971
MachiasPF-53(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-4 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Nara (PF-282) (1953–1966)Sold for scrapping, 1969
SanduskyPF-54(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-7 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Nire (PF-287) (1953–1970)To United States for disposal, 1970
BathPF-55(1944–1945)Soviet Navy asEK-29 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Maki (PF-298) (1953–1971)Sold for scrapping, 1971
CovingtonPF-56(1944–1946)US Coast Guard asUSCGC Covington (1946)
Ecuadorian Navy asBAE Guayas (E-21) (1947–1972)
Stricken, 1974
SheboyganPF-57(1944–1946)Belgian Navy asLieutenant ter zee Victor Billet (F910) (1947–1957)Scrapped, 1959
Abilene (ex-Bridgeport)PF-58(1944–1946)the Netherlands civilian government asSS Cirrus (1947–1969)Sold for scrapping, 1969
BeaufortPF-59(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
CharlottePF-60(1944–1946)Sold, 1947; became Brazilian coastal passenger ship; scrapped 1965
ManitowocPF-61(1944–1946)US Coast Guard asUSCGC Manitowoc (1946)
French Navy asLe Brix (F715) (1947–1958)
Scrapped, 1958
Gladwyne (ex-Worcester)PF-62(1944–1946)Mexican Navy asARM Papaloapan (1947–1965)Scrapped, 1965
Moberly (ex-Scranton)PF-63(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
KnoxvillePF-64(1944–1946)Dominican Navy asPresidente Peynado (F104) (laterCapitán General Pedro Santana) (1947–1979)Scrapped, 1979
Uniontown (ex-Chattanooga)PF-65(1944–1945)Argentine Navy asARA Sarandí (P-33) (1947–1968)Unknown
ReadingPF-66(1944–1946)Argentine Navy asARA Heroína (P-32) (1947–1966)Scrapped, 1966
PeoriaPF-67(1945–1946)Cuban Navy asCuban frigate Antonio Maceo (F302) (1947–1975)Sunk as target, 1975
BrunswickPF-68(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
DavenportPF-69(1945–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1946
EvansvillePF-70(1944–1945, 1950–1953)Soviet Navy asEK-30 (1945–1949)Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asJDS Keyaki (PF-295) (1953–1976)To United States for disposal, 1976; scrapped, 1977
New BedfordPF-71(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
Hallowell (ex-Machias)PF-721943–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Anguilla (K500)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
HamondPF-731943–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Antigua (K501)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping
HargoodPF-741943–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Ascension (K502)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
HothamPF-751943–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Bahamas (K503))Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
HalsteadPF-761943–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Barbados (K504)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
HannamPF-771943–1945 Royal Navy asHMS Caicos (K505)To Argentine Navy asARA Trinidad (P-34) /ARA Santísima Trinidad /ARA Comodoro Augusto Lasserre (Q-9) (1947–1969)Scrapped, 1971
HarlandPF-781944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Cayman (K506)Returned to United States 1946; sold for scrapping 1947
HarmanPF-791944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Dominica (K507)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
HarveyPF-801944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Labuan (K584) (ex-Gold Coast)Returned to United States 1946; sold for scrapping 1957
HolmesPF-811944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Tobago (K585) (ex-Hong Kong)Returned to United States, 1946; Egyptian civilian passenger ship, 1950–1956; sunk as blockship, 1956
HornbyPF-821944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Montserrat (K586)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
HostePF-831944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Nyasaland (K587)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
HowettPF-841944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Papua (K588)Returned to United States, 1946; sold, 1947; Egyptian passenger vessel, 1950–1956
PilfordPF-851944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Pitcairn (K589)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Pasley (laterSt. Helena)PF-861944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS St. Helena (K590)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
PattonPF-871944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Sarawak (K591)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
PearlPF-881944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Seychelles (K592)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
PhillimorePF-891944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Perim (K593) (ex-Sierra Leone)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
PophamPF-901944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Somaliland (K594)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
PeytonPF-911944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Tortola (K595)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
ProwsePF-921944–1946 Royal Navy asHMS Zanzibar (K596)Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Lorain (ex-Roanoke)PF-93(1945–1946)French Navy asLa Place (F713) (1947–1950)Sunk by mine, 1950
Milledgeville (ex-Sitka)PF-94(1945–1946)Sold, 1947; scrapped, 1948
StamfordPF-95Cancelled, 31 December 1943
MaconPF-96Cancelled, 31 December 1943
Lorain (ex-Vallejo)PF-97Cancelled, 11 February 1944
MilledgevillePF-98Cancelled, 31 December 1943
OrlandoPF-99(1944–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
RacinePF-100(1945–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1947
GreensboroPF-101(1945–1946)Sold for scrapping, 1948
ForsythPF-102(1945–1946)To US Coast Guard asUSCGC Forsyth (1946)
To the Netherlands civilian government asSS Cumulus (1947–1963)
Scrapped, 1969

Gallery

[edit]

Tacoma-class patrol frigates, US Navy

[edit]

Colony-class frigates, Royal Navy

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcGardiner, Robert, ed.,Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980,ISBN 0-8317-0303-2, pp. 62, 148–149.
  2. ^"The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia: Tacoma Class, U.S. Frigates".www.pwencycl.kgbudge.com. Retrieved2 February 2020.
  3. ^abcdefRussell, Richard A.,Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.:Naval Historical Center, 1997,ISBN 0-945274-35-1, p. 22.
  4. ^abcdeGardiner, Robert, ed.,Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980,ISBN 0-8317-0303-2, pp. 148–149.
  5. ^Russell, Richard A.,Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.:Naval Historical Center, 1997,ISBN 0-945274-35-1, pp. 22–23.
  6. ^Gardiner, Robert, ed.,Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980,ISBN 0-8317-0303-2, p. 62.
  7. ^ab"Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships". Archived fromthe original on 30 January 2006. Retrieved11 June 2006.
  8. ^abNavsource Patrol Frigate (PF) Index
  9. ^Russell, Richard A.,Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.:Naval Historical Center, 1997,ISBN 0-945274-35-1, pp. 12, 22–23, 35, 37–38, 39.

External links

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 United States Navy
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Tacoma-class
patrol frigates (PF)
Admirable-class
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Large infantry
landing craft (LCI(L))
Auxiliary motor
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 Soviet Navy
Tacoma-class
storozhevoi korabl (EK)
("escort vessel")
Admirable-class
tralshik (T)
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Desantiye suda (DS)
("landing ship")
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Tralshik (T)
("minesweeper")
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Bolshiye okhotniki za
povodnimi lodkami
(BO)
("large antisubmarine
hunter") (ex-SC)
Floating workshops
(ex-YR)
Four unidentified units
World War II Maritime Commission ship designs
Cargo designs
Emergency cargo
Tanker
Special-purpose
Miscellaneous-cargo
Tugs
United States naval ship classes of World War II
Aircraft carriers
Light aircraft carriers
Escort carriers
Battleships
Large cruisers
Heavy cruisers
Light cruisers
Gunboats
Ocean
River
Destroyers
Destroyer escorts
Patrol frigates
Patrol boats
Minelayers
Minesweepers
Submarines
Tankers
Cargo ships
Auxiliary ships
C
Completed after the war
S
Single ship of class
X
Cancelled
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