Ta'anach | |
|---|---|
| Arabic transcription(s) | |
| • Arabic | تعنّك |
  Ta'anach Ta'anach (State of Palestine) Show map of State of Palestine | |
| Coordinates:32°31′11″N35°13′16″E / 32.51972°N 35.22111°E /32.51972; 35.22111 | |
| Palestine grid | 170/214 |
| State | Palestine |
| Governorate | Jenin |
| Government | |
| • Type | Village council |
| Population (2017) | |
• Total | 1,298[1] |
| Name meaning | FromHebrew: sandy[2] |
Ti'inik, also transliteratedTi’innik (Arabic:تعنّك), orTa'anakh/Taanach (Hebrew:תַּעְנַךְ), is aPalestinian village, located 13 km northwest of the city ofJenin in the northernWest Bank.
The village is located on the slopes of anarchaeological tell identified with the biblical city of Ta'anach, which has seen intermittent habitation spanning 5000 years.[3]
According to thePalestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 1,095 inhabitants in mid-year 2006.[4]
Just to the north of Ti'inik is a 40-metre-high mound which was the site of thebiblical city ofTaanach[5] orTanach (Hebrew:תַּעֲנָךְ;Ancient Greek:Θαναάχ and Θανάκ),[6][7][8] aLevitical city allocated to theKohathites.[9][10]
In the Late Bronze, the toponym tꜣꜥnꜣkꜣ was known and the area was part of the Egyptian Empire.
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| tꜣꜥnꜣkꜣ[6][11] inhieroglyphs | |||||||
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| Era:New Kingdom (1550–1069 BC) | |||||||
Excavations at the tell were carried out byAlbert Glock mostly during the 1970s and 1980s. TwelveAkkadian cuneiform tablets were found here. Approximately one third of the names on these tablets are ofHurrian origin, indicating a significant northern ethnic presence.[12][13]
Tell Ta'annek/Tel Ta'anach. During Iron Age II, Ta'anach was a city in theKingdom of Israel. ArchaeologistWilliam G. Dever estimates the city's population to have ranged between 500 and 1,000 people during the 9th and 8th centuries BCE.[14]
In Roman, Byzantine and Early Islamic times, the inhabited site was located on the lower slopes rather than the tell itself.[3]
Pottery remains from the Roman and Byzantine periods, the "Middle Ages" (defined as lasting from the Umayyad through to the Mamluk period), and the Ottoman period have been found in the area covering the tell and the core of the modern village.[15] The main remains visible today are of an 11th-centuryAbbasid palace.[16]
Ti'innik, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into theOttoman Empire in 1517. During the16th and17th centuries, Ti'innik belonged to theTurabay Emirate (1517-1683), which encompassed also theJezreel Valley,Haifa,Jenin,Beit She'an Valley, northernJabal Nablus,Bilad al-Ruha/Ramot Menashe, and the northern part of theSharon plain.[17][18]
In thecensus of 1596, the village appeared as "Ta'inniq", located in thenahiya of Sha'ara in theliwa ofLajjun. It had a population of 13 households, allMuslim. They paid taxes on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 7,000akçe.[19]
In 1838,Ta'annuk was noted as a Muslim village in the Jenin district;[20] It only contained a few families, but was said to have been much larger, and to contain ruins.[21]
In 1870Victor Guérin found that the village consisted of ten houses.[22] He further described it as: 'Once the southern sides and the whole upper plateau of the oblong hill on which the village stands were covered with buildings, as is proved by the innumerable fragments of pottery scattered on the soil, and the materials of every kind which are met with at every step: the larger stones have been carried away elsewhere. Below the village is a littlemosque, which passes for an ancient Christian church. It lies, in fact, east and west, and all the stones with which it is built belong to early constructions; some of them are decorated with sculptures. Farther on in the plain are severalcisterns cut in the rock, and awell, called Bir Tannuk.[23]
In 1870/1871 (1288AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in thenahiya of Shafa al-Gharby.[24]
In 1882 thePEF'sSurvey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "A small village, which stands on the south-east side of the great Tell or mound of the same name at the edge of the plain. It has olives on the south, and wells on the north, and is surrounded with cactus hedges. There is a white dome in the village. The rock on the sides of the Tell is quarried in places, the wells are ancient, and rock-cut tombs occur on the north near the foot of the mound."[25]
By 1917, the village was home to eight family groups residing in 17 single-room houses.[3]
In the1922 census of Palestine, conducted by theBritish Mandate authorities, Ti'inik had a population of 65; all Muslims.[26] In the1931 census it had 64; still all Muslim, in a total of 15 houses.[27]
In the1945 statistics the population was estimated at 100 Muslims,[28] with 32,263dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[29] 452 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 31,301 dunams for cereals,[30] while a total of 4 dunams were built-up, urban land.[31]
In addition to agriculture, residents practicedanimal husbandry which formed was an important source of income for the town. In 1943, they owned 39 heads ofcattle, 4camels, 14horses, amule, 20donkeys, 168fowls, and 15pigeons.[32]
In the wake of the1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the1949 Armistice Agreements, Ti'inik came underJordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 246 inhabitants.[33]
Since theSix-Day War in 1967, Ti'inik has been underIsraeli occupation.
Some residents of Ti'inik have their origins inSilat al-Harithiya andArraba, while others originated from the area ofBayt Nattif.[34]
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