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Ataʻovala is an article ofTongan dress, a mat wrapped around the waist, worn by men and women, at all formal occasions, much like thetie for men in the Western culture. The taʻovala is also commonly seen among the FijianLau Islands, andWallis island, both regions once heavily influenced by Tonganhegemony and cultural diffusion.
According to a Tongan story, a group of Tongans once arrived by boat at theTuʻi Tonga. They had had a rough ride and their clothing, if any remained, was not respectable. They cut the sail of their boat (Polynesian sails are also mats) in pieces and wrapped them around. The king was so pleased by the sacrifice they had made to him of their expensive sail that he ordered this dress to be court dress from then on. The Tongan waist-mat probably shares a common origin or inspiration as theSamoanvalatau orvala waistband often donned by orators and chiefly sons (manaia) and daughters (taupou) on festive occasions and rituals.
QueenSalote Tupou III ordered thetaʻovala to be part of the civil servants' uniform. The use of thetaʻovala for men is therefore extremely common in Tonga. For women, it is somewhat less common, as they prefer akiekie.
The standard taʻovala, for formal and semi-formal wear, is a short mat coming halfway up the thighs. It is wrapped around the waist and tied with akafa, a traditional rope often made of woven coconutcoir or human hair belonging to a deceased ancestor. The mat worn on festive occasions, such as to one's own wedding, is much larger, finely woven, and often very nicely decorated. This fine variant of taʻovala is known as thengafingafi, and corresponds to the'Ie Tōga of the Samoans. The value of individualngafingafi is determined by its colour, which may range from bleached white to a rich shade of tan or even coffee, depending on its age; the darker the colour, the greater the age, and the higher the value and prestige of the fine mat. Likewise, thetaʻovala for afuneral is also a huge mat, but much coarser and undecorated, woven from the rougher side of the pandanus leaf. If the wearer is of an inferior rank to the deceased, then the mat to be donned would be old, well-worn, and tied in such a way as to wrap around the upper body and veil the head. The older and more torn it is, the better. All these special mats are kept as precious heirlooms.
Taʻovala are part of thekoloa, the handicraft goods made by the women. Every woman can do it. If girls do not learn it at home, it will be taught at school. More recently, however, some women specialise in the handicraft and sell their products on the market.
Taʻovala can be made from different materials, which can be either natural or synthetic:
Before the advent ofWestern influence, the men wore a fringe skirt of native materials about 25 to 30 inches (60 to 80 cm) long. Women traditionally[1] wore two mats about a yard (metre) square each, made by weaving pandanus and hibiscus leaves together,[2] and belted around the waist.[3] Children were usually naked.[2][4] The Christian missionaries who began arriving in the late 19th century influenced the islanders' notions of modesty.
