| Tai Forest ebolavirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Monjiviricetes |
| Order: | Mononegavirales |
| Family: | Filoviridae |
| Genus: | Ebolavirus |
| Species: | Tai Forest ebolavirus |
| Synonyms | |
Taï Forest virus (TAFV) | |
ThespeciesTaï Forest ebolavirus (/tɑːˈiː/)[1] is avirological taxon included in the genusEbolavirus, familyFiloviridae, orderMononegavirales. The species has a singlevirus member, Taï Forest virus (TAFV).[1] The members of the species are called Taï Forest ebolaviruses.[1]
Tai Forest ebolavirus has been seen in a single human infection due to contact with chimpanzees from theTai Forest inCôte d'Ivoire.[2]
The nameTaï Forest ebolavirus is derived fromParc National de Taï (the name of a national park inCôte d'Ivoire, where Taï Forest virus was first discovered) and thetaxonomicsuffixebolavirus (which denotes an ebolavirus species).[1] According to the rules for taxon naming established by theInternational Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the nameTaï Forest ebolavirus is always to becapitalized,italicized, never abbreviated, and to be preceded by the word "species". The names of its members (Taï Forest ebolaviruses) are to be capitalized, are not italicized, and used withoutarticles.[1]
The species was introduced in 1998 asCote d'Ivoire Ebola virus.[3][4] In 2002, the name was changed toCote d'Ivoire ebolavirus.[5][6] The name was proposed to be changed toTaï Forest ebolavirus in 2010,[1] and this proposal was immediately accepted by the ICTV.[7]
A virus of the genusEbolavirus is a member of the speciesTaï Forest ebolavirus if:[1]
Taï Forest virus (/tɑːˈiː/;[1] TAFV) is a close relative of the much more commonly knownEbola virus (EBOV). TAFV causes severedisease inprimates, theEbolahemorrhagic fever. TAFV is aSelect Agent,World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiringBiosafety Level 4-equivalent containment),National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogen,Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCategory A Bioterrorism Agent, and listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by theAustralia Group.[citation needed]
Taï Forest virus (abbreviated TAFV) was first described in 1995 as a new "strain" ofEbola virus.[8] It is the single member of thespeciesTaï Forest ebolavirus, which is included into thegenusEbolavirus,familyFiloviridae,orderMononegavirales.[1] The name Taï Forest virus is derived fromParc National de Taï (the name of a national park inCôte d'Ivoire, where it was first discovered) and thetaxonomicsuffixvirus. According to the rules for taxon naming established by theInternational Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Taï Forest virus is always to becapitalized, but (in contrast to taxon names, e. g. genus and species names) is neveritalicized, and may beabbreviated (with TAFV being the official abbreviation).[9]
Taï Forest virus was first introduced as a new "strain" of Ebola virus in 1995.[8] In 2000, it received the designation Côte d'Ivoire Ebola virus,[10][11] and in 2002 the name was changed to Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus.[5][6] (both times misspelling "Côte"). Other names circulating in the literature were the correct Côte d'Ivoire Ebola virus and Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus, and the jargon terms Ivory Coast Ebola virus and Ivory Coast ebolavirus. Previous abbreviations for the virus were EBOV-CI (for Ebola virus Côte d'Ivoire or Ebola virus Côte d'Ivoire), EBOV-IC (for Ebola virus Ivory Coast), ICEBOV (for Ivory Coast Ebola virus or Ivory Coast ebolavirus) and most recently CIEBOV (for Cote d;Ivoire Ebola virus, Côte d'Ivoire Ebola virus, Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus or Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus). The virus received its final designation in 2010, when it was renamed Taï Forest virus (TAFV).[1]
A virus of the speciesTaï Forest ebolavirus is a Taï Forest virus (TAFV) if it has the properties of Taï Forest ebolaviruses and if itsgenome diverges from that of the prototype Taï Forest virus, Taï Forest virus variant Côte d'Ivoire (TAFV/CI), by ≤10% at thenucleotide level.[1]
TAFV is one of four ebolaviruses that causesEbola virus disease (EVD) in humans (in the literature also often referred to as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, EHF). EVD due to TAFV infection cannot be differentiated from EVD caused by other ebolaviruses by clinical observation alone, which is why the clinical presentation and pathology of infections by all ebolaviruses is presented together on a separate page (seeEbola virus disease). TAFV made its first and thus far only known appearance in 1994 during a viral hemorrhagic feverepizootic amongwestern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) inTaï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. As more dead western chimpanzees were discovered, many tested positive for infection with an ebolavirus distinct from those already known. One of the scientists performing the necropsies on the infected western chimpanzees contracted TAFV. She developed symptoms similar to those ofdengue fever approximately a week after the necropsy, and was transported to Switzerland for treatment. She was discharged from hospital after two weeks and had fully recovered six weeks after the infection.[citation needed]
| Year | Geographic location | Human cases/deaths (case-fatality rate) |
| 1994 | Taï National Park,Côte d'Ivoire | 1/0 (0%) |
The ecology of TAFV is currently unclear and no reservoir host has yet been identified. Therefore, it remains unclear how TAFV was introduced into the western chimpanzee population.Bats are suspected to harbor the virus because infectiousMarburg virus (MARV), a distantly related filovirus, has been isolated from bats,[12] and because traces (but no infectious particles) of the more closely relatedEbola virus (EBOV) were found in bats as well.[13]
TAFV is basically uncharacterized on a molecular level. However, its genomic sequence, and with it thegenomic organization and the conservation of individualopen reading frames, is similar to that of the other four known ebolaviruses. It is therefore currently assumed that the knowledge obtained for EBOV can beextrapolated to TAFV and that all TAFVproteins behave analogous to those of EBOV.[citation needed]
| Ebolavirus |
| ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marburgvirus | |||||||||||||||
| Cuevavirus |
| ||||||||||||||
| Dianlovirus |
| ||||||||||||||
| Striavirus |
| ||||||||||||||
| Thamnovirus |
| ||||||||||||||
