Transcription factor 3 (E2A immunoglobulin enhancer-binding factors E12/E47), also known asTCF3, is aprotein that in humans is encoded by theTCF3gene.[5][6][7] TCF3 has been shown to directly enhance Hes1 (a well-known target ofNotch signaling) expression.[8]
This gene encodes a member of the E protein (class I) family ofhelix-loop-helixtranscription factors. The 9aaTAD transactivation domains of E proteins and MLL are very similar and both bind to theKIX domain of general transcriptional mediator CBP.[9][10] E proteins activate transcription by binding to regulatory E-box sequences on target genes as heterodimers or homodimers, and are inhibited by heterodimerization with inhibitor of DNA-binding (class IV) helix-loop-helix proteins. E proteins play a critical role in lymphopoiesis, and the encoded protein is required for theB andT lymphocyte development.[5]
This gene regulates many developmental patterning processes such as lymphocyte and central nervous system (CNS) development. E proteins are involved in the development of lymphocytes.[11] They initiate transcription by binding to regulatory E-box sequences on target genes.
Deletion of this gene or diminished activity of the encoded protein may play a role inlymphoid malignancies. This gene is also involved in severalchromosomal translocations that are associated with lymphoid malignancies including pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t(1;19), with PBX1 and t(17;19), with HLF),[12] childhood leukemia (t(19;19), with TFPT) and acute leukemia (t(12;19), with ZNF384).[5]
^Kamps MP, Murre C, Sun XH, Baltimore D (February 1990). "A new homeobox gene contributes the DNA binding domain of the t(1;19) translocation protein in pre-B ALL".Cell.60 (4):547–555.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90658-2.PMID1967983.S2CID39661371.
^Piskacek S, Gregor M, Nemethova M, Grabner M, Kovarik P, Piskacek M (June 2007). "Nine-amino-acid transactivation domain: establishment and prediction utilities".Genomics.89 (6):756–768.doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.02.003.PMID17467953.
^Maleki SJ, Royer CA, Hurlburt BK (June 1997). "MyoD-E12 heterodimers and MyoD-MyoD homodimers are equally stable".Biochemistry.36 (22):6762–6767.doi:10.1021/bi970262m.PMID9184158.
