| TARDIS | |
|---|---|
| Doctor Who television series element | |
.jpg) Prop for the Doctor's TARDIS used between 2010 and 2017 | |
| Publisher | BBC |
| First appearance | An Unearthly Child(1963) |
| Created by | |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| In-universe information | |
| Type | Time machine/spacecraft |
| Function | Travels through time and space |
| Traits and abilities | Can change its outer dimensions and inner layout, impregnable, telepathic |
| Affiliation | |
TheTARDIS (/ˈtɑːrdɪs/;acronym for "Time And Relative Dimension(s) InSpace") is a fictional hybrid of atime machine andspacecraft that appears in the Britishscience fiction television seriesDoctor Who and its various spin-offs. While a TARDIS is capable of disguising itself, the exterior appearance ofthe Doctor's TARDIS typically mimics apolice box, an obsolete type of telephone kiosk that was once commonly seen on streets in Britain in the 1940s and 50s. Its interior is shown as being much larger than its exterior, commonly described as being "bigger on the inside".
Due to the significance ofDoctor Who in popularBritish culture, the shape of the police box is now more strongly associated with the TARDIS than its real-world inspiration. The name and design of the TARDIS is a registeredtrademark of theBritish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), although the design was originally created by theMetropolitan Police Service.[1][2]
TARDIS is an acronym of "Time And Relative Dimension in Space". The word "Dimension" is alternatively rendered in the plural. The first story,An Unearthly Child (1963), used the singular "Dimension". The 1964 novelisationDoctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks used "Dimensions" for the first time and the 1965 serialThe Time Meddler introduced the plural in the television series – although the script had it as singular, actorMaureen O'Brien changed it to "Dimensions".[3] Both continued to be used during the classic series; in "Rose" (2005), theNinth Doctor uses the singular (although this was a decision of actorChristopher Eccleston—[4] the line was plural in the script for the episode).[5] The acronym was explained in the first episode of the show,An Unearthly Child (1963), in which the Doctor's granddaughterSusan claims to have made it up herself. Despite this, the term is used commonly by otherTime Lords to refer to both the Doctor's and their own time ships.[6]
Generally, "TARDIS" is written in alluppercase letters, but may also be written intitle case as "Tardis". The word "Tardis" first appeared in print in the Christmas 1963 edition ofRadio Times, which refers to "the space-time shipTardis".[7]
In thefictional universe of theDoctor Who television show, TARDISes are space- and time-travel vehicles of theTime Lords, analien species from the planetGallifrey. Although many TARDISes exist and are sometimes seen on-screen, the television show mainly features a single TARDIS used by the show'sprotagonist, a Time Lord who goes by the name ofthe Doctor.[8]
TARDISes are built with a "chameleon circuit", a type ofcamouflage technology that changes the exterior form of the ship to blend into the environment of whatever time or place it lands in. The Doctor's TARDIS always resembles a 1960s Londonpolice box, an object that was very common in Britain at the time of the show's first broadcast,[9] owing to a malfunction in the chameleon circuit before the events of the first episode of the show,An Unearthly Child.[8][10] The Doctor has attempted to repair the chameleon circuit, unsuccessfully inLogopolis (1981) and with only temporary success inAttack of the Cybermen (1985). In "Boom Town", the Doctor reveals that he has stopped trying to repair the circuit as he has become fond of its appearance. The other TARDISes that appear in the series have chameleon circuits that are fully functional.[11]
The TARDIS is famously "bigger on the inside". A much larger control room lies inside the police box, at the centre of which is a console for operating the TARDIS. In the middle of the console is a moving tubular device called a time rotor. The presence of a physically larger space contained within the police box is explained as "dimensionally transcendental", with the interior being a whole separate dimension containing an infinite number of rooms, corridors and storage spaces, all of which can change their appearance and configuration.[12][13][10]
The TARDIS also allows the Doctor and others to communicate with people who speak languages other than their own, as well as turn all written languages to English. The translation circuit has been explored in comparison with real-world machine translation, with researchers Mark Halley andLynne Bowker concluding that "when it comes to the science of translation technology,Doctor Who gets it wrong more often than it gets it right. However, perhaps we can forgive the artistic license if we recognise that, as in other science fiction works, the presentation of some type of ubiquitous translation tool is necessary to explain to the audience how people from other countries, time periods, and even other worlds, can understand each other and indeed appear to speak (mostly) flawless English."[14] The TARDIS is also able to generate a "perception filter" that causes people to ignore it, thinking that it is normal.[15]
WhenDoctor Who was being developed in 1963 the production staff discussed what the Doctor's time machine would look like. To keep the design within budget[16] it was decided to make the outside resemble apolice telephone box, a common piece ofstreet furniture that had originally been designed in the 1920s by the Scottish architectGilbert Mackenzie Trench.[17] The idea for the police-box disguise came from aBBC staff writer,Anthony Coburn, who rewrote the programme's first episode from a draft byC. E. Webber.[18][19] While there is no known precedent for this notion, a November 1960 episode of the popular radio comedy showBeyond Our Ken included a sketch featuring a time machine described as "a tall telephone box".[20]
The concept of acloaking mechanism (later referred to as the "chameleon circuit") was devised to explain this. In the first episode,An Unearthly Child (1963), the TARDIS is first seen hidden in a London scrapyard in 1963, and after travelling back in time ("The Cave of Skulls") to thePaleolithic era, the police box exterior persists.[9] In a subsequent story,The Time Meddler (1965), theFirst Doctor explains that the TARDIS should automatically adopt a disguise, such as ahowdah (a carrier on the back of an Indian elephant in theIndian Mutiny) or a rock on a beach.[21]
Accounts differ as to the origin of the police box prop. While the BBC asserts that it was constructed specially forDoctor Who,[22] it has been claimed that the box was a reused prop from the BBC television police dramasZ-Cars orDixon of Dock Green (a claim repeated byDoctor Who producerSteven Moffat).[23][24]
The dimensions and colour of the TARDIS police box props used in the series have changed many times, as a result of damage and the requirements of the show,[25][26] and none of the BBC props has been a faithful replica of the original MacKenzie Trench model. Numerous details have been altered over time, including the shape of the roof, the signage, the shade of blue paint, the presence of aSt John Ambulance emblem and the overall height of the box.[27] The original prop remained in use for around 13 years until it collapsed – reportedly onElisabeth Sladen's head. A new prop was introduced forThe Masque of Mandragora in 1976, and there have been at least six versions in total.[28] The evolution of the prop design was referenced on-screen in the episode "Blink" (2007), when the characterDetective Inspector Shipton says the TARDIS "isn't a real [police box]. The phone's just a dummy, and the windows are the wrong size."[nb 1]
The TARDIS console room was designed for the first episode byset designerPeter Brachacki and was unusually large for a BBC production of this time. It was noted for its innovative, gleaming white "futuristic" appearance.[30][25]
Like the police box prop, the set design of the TARDIS interior has evolved over the years. From the inception of the show in 1963 up until the end of the "classic series" in 1989, the design of the TARDIS console room remained largely unchanged from Brachacki's original set, a brightly lit white chamber, lined with a pattern of roundels on the walls and with a central hexagonal console which contained a cylindrical "time rotor" that moved when the TARDIS was in transit. Numerous alterations were made to the central console and to the layout, but the overall concept remained constant. InSeason 14 (1976–77), a dark wood-panelled "Control Room Number 2" was briefly used for a few episodes, but the white console room set was reinstated inSeason 15, due to damage to the set. After the cancellation of the television show, a radically redesigned TARDIS set was used in the1996 TV movie, heralding a move to a moresteampunk-inspired set design, which later influenced the set design in therevived series from 2005 onwards.[31]
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The production team conceived of the TARDIS travelling bydematerialising at one point and rematerialising elsewhere, although sometimes in the series it is shown also to be capable of conventional space travel. In the 2006 Christmas special, "The Runaway Bride", the Doctor remarks that for a spaceship, the TARDIS does remarkably little flying. The ability to travel simply by fading into and out of different locations became one of the trademarks of the show, allowing for a great deal of versatility in setting and storytelling without a large expense in special effects. The distinctive accompanying sound effect – a cyclic wheezing, groaning noise – was originally created in theBBC Radiophonic Workshop by sound technicianBrian Hodgson byrecording on tape the sound of his mother's house key scraping up and down thestrings of an old piano. Hodgson then re-recorded the sound by changing the tape speed up and down and splicing the altered sounds together.[32][33] When employed in the series, the sound is usually synchronised with the flashing light on top of the police box, or the fade-in and fade-out effects of a TARDIS. WriterPatrick Ness has described the ship's distinctive dematerialisation noise as "a kind of haunted grinding sound",[34] while theDoctor Who Magazine comic strips traditionally use theonomatopoeic phrase "vworp vworp vworp".[35]
The sound of the Doctor's TARDIS featured in the final scene of theTorchwood episode "End of Days" (2007). As Torchwood Three's hub is situated at a rift of temporal energy, the Doctor often appears onRoald Dahl Plass directly above it in order to recharge the TARDIS.[36] In the episode,Jack Harkness hears the tell-tale sound of the engines, smiles and afterwards is nowhere to be found; the scene picks up in thecold open of theDoctor Who episode "Utopia" (2007) in which Jack runs to and holds onto the TARDIS just before it disappears.
Former companionSarah Jane Smith has a diagram of the TARDIS in her attic, as shown inThe Sarah Jane Adventures episode "Invasion of the Bane" (2007). In the two-part serialThe Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith (2008), Sarah Jane becomes trapped in 1951 and briefly mistakes an actual police public call box for the Doctor's TARDIS (the moment is even heralded by the Doctor's musical cue, frequently used in the revived series). It makes a full appearance inThe Wedding of Sarah Jane Smith (2009), in which the Doctor briefly welcomes Sarah Jane's three adolescent companions into the control room. It then serves as a backdrop for the farewell scene between Sarah Jane and the Tenth Doctor, which echoed nearly word-for-word her final exchange with the Fourth Doctor aboard the TARDIS in 1976. It reappears inDeath of the Doctor (2010), where it is stolen by theShansheeth who try to use it as an immortality machine, and transports Sarah Jane,Jo Grant and their adolescent companions (Rani Chandra,Clyde Langer andSantiago Jones).
The TARDIS appears in the two film productions,Dr. Who and the Daleks (1965) andDaleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. (1966). In both films the Doctor, played byPeter Cushing, is an eccentric scientist who invented the TARDIS himself.[37]
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As one of the most recognisable images connected withDoctor Who, the TARDIS has appeared on numerous items of merchandise associated with the programme. TARDIS scale models of various sizes have been manufactured to accompany otherDoctor Who dolls and action figures, some with sound effects included. Fan-built full-size models of the police box are also common. There have been TARDIS-shaped video games, play tents for children, toy boxes, cookie jars, book ends, key chains, and even a police-box-shaped bottle for a TARDIS bubble bath. The 1993 VHS release ofThe Trial of a Time Lord was contained in a special-edition tin shaped like the TARDIS.
With the 2005 series revival, a variety of TARDIS-shaped merchandise has been produced, including a TARDIS coin box, TARDIS figure toy set, a TARDIS that detects the ring signal from a mobile phone and flashes when an incoming call is detected, TARDIS-shaped wardrobes and DVD cabinets, and aUSB hub in the shape of the TARDIS.[38] The complete 2005 season DVD box set, released in November 2005, was issued in packaging that resembled the TARDIS.
One of the original-model TARDISes used in the television series' production in the 1970s was sold at auction in December 2005 for£10,800.[39]
In 1996 the BBC applied to theUK Intellectual Property Office to register the TARDIS as atrademark.[40] This was challenged by theMetropolitan Police, who felt that they owned therights to the police box image. However, the Patent Office found that there was no evidence that the Metropolitan Police – or any other police force – had ever registered the image as a trademark. In addition, the BBC had been sellingmerchandise based on the image for over three decades without complaint by the police. The Patent Office issued a ruling in favour of the BBC in 2002.[41][42]
The word TARDIS is listed in theOxford English Dictionary.[43]
A number of legacy police boxes are still standing on streets around the United Kingdom. Although now no longer used for their original function, many have been repurposed as coffee kiosks, and are often affectionately referred to as TARDISes.[44][45] A police box in theSomerton area ofNewport in South Wales is known as theSomerton TARDIS.[46]
An asteroid discovered in 1984 by astronomerBrian A. Skiff was named3325 TARDIS on account of itscuboid appearance.[47] A number of geological features onCharon, the largest moon of the dwarf planetPluto, have been named after mythological or fictional vessels, and one is named theTardis Chasma.[48]
A data storage manufacturer called tarDISK markets aflash memory drive forAppleMacBook which it claims is "bigger on the inside". They also claim native integration with Apple'sTime Machine backup software.[49][50]
TheEuropean Space Agency has sent 3,000tardigrades ("water bears") into orbit on theoutside of a rocket; 32% survived. The experiment was named Tardigrades in Space, or Tardis.[51]
Cultural references to the TARDIS are many and varied.
In music,The KLF (performing as "The Timelords") released a novelty pop single in 1988 entitled "Doctorin' the Tardis". The record reached number one in theUK Singles Chart and had chart success worldwide. It was a reworking of several songs (principallyGary Glitter's "Rock and Roll Part 2",The Sweet's "Block Buster!" and theDoctor Who theme music) with lyrics referencingDoctor Who, specifically the TARDIS.[52] In 2007, the British rock bandRadiohead included the song "Up on the Ladder" on their albumIn Rainbows which begins with the line "I'm stuck in the TARDIS".[53][54]
In 2001,Turner Prize-winning artistMark Wallinger created a piece or artwork entitledTime and Relative Dimensions in Space that is structurally a police box shape faced with mirrors.[55][56] The BBC website describes it as "recent proof of [the TARDIS'] enduring legacy".[13]
In July 2014, theMonty Python comedy troupe opened their reunion show,Monty Python Live (Mostly), with a trademark animation featuring the Tardis – dubbed the "retardis" – flying through space before the Pythons came on stage.[57][58]
In film, the TARDIS makes acameo appearance in a number of productions, includingIron Sky (2012)[59] andThe Lego Movie 2: The Second Part (2019).[60] The TARDIS has also featured within the gameplay of a number of popularvideo games, includingLego Dimensions[61] andFortnite: Battle Royale.[62]
To promote theBarbie film released in July 2023, a pink TARDIS was unveiled next toTower Bridge in London on 11 July, asNcuti Gatwa would appear in bothBarbie as aKen and inDoctor Who as theFifteenth Doctor.[63]
Other references to the TARDIS have included a $2 silvercommemorative coin depicting the TARDIS, issued onNiue Island in theSouth Pacific Ocean by thePerth Mint to mark the 50th anniversary of theDoctor Who television show;[64] and Tardis Environmental, a British sewage company, in reference to the similarity of theirportable toilets to a police box.[65][66]
"Tardis" has also become a slang term used in the British real estate industry, to suggest that a house or apartment is actually substantally bigger on the inside that it looks on the outside.[67]
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