TheT1 tanker orT1 are a class ofsea worthy smalltankerships used to transportfuel oil before and duringWorld War II,Korean War andVietnam War. The T1 tanker classification is still in use today. T1 tankers are about 200 to 250 feet (61 to 76 m) in length and are able to sustain a top speed of about 12knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). Thehull designation AO is used by the US Navy to denote the ship is a T1 oil tanker and AOG that the T1 is agasoline tanker. The small size allows the T1 to enter just about anysea port or to anchor around a small island, this was very useful during thePacific War. The T1 tanker can carry about 48,000 to 280,000bbls. Some T1 tankers were used to transport goods other than oil, a few were used forblack oil-crude oil,diesel,chemicals and rarelybulk cargo likegrain. T1 tankers are also called liquid cargo carriers. The T1 tanker has about a 6,000 to 35,000deadweight tonnage (DWT) of cargo. The small size also gives the ships short turn around time for repair, cleaning, loading and unloading. A T1 tanker carrying dirty cargo, like crude oil needs a few weeks of labor to clean before carrying clean cargo. Most T1 ships during World War II were named after majoroil fields.[1]
T1-M-A1 tanker: Called a smallCoastal tanker, Includes theMettawee-class gasoline tanker. Diesel powered 800 hp, 10 knots max. Tonnage Deadweight: 1,600, Tonnage Full Load: 2,900, Dimensions: 221 feet long, Width 37 ft, First Navy commissioning in 1943. Built by: Barnes-Duluth SB Co. of Duluth, Minnesota. A total of eight T1-M-A1 tankers were completed for World War II.Clearwater/USS Mettawee built in 1943 andUSSTongue River/Pasquotank built in 1943.Spindletop,Cotton Valley,Rouseville,Golden Meadow built by Lancaster Ironworks, Perryville, Maryland.[9]
T1-M-A2 tanker: Includes theMettawee-class gasoline tanker, 221 ft, diesel powered 800 hp, 10 knots max., Deadweight: 1,453 Full Load: 2,700, dimensions: 220'6" long, Width 37 ft, Max. depth 12 ft 10 in. First Navy commissioning in 1943. Gasoline tanker, AOG, built by East Coast Shipyards Inc. of Bayonne, New Jersey. First shipUSS Seekonk.[10][11]
T1-MT-BT1 tanker:Klickitat class, Gasoline tankers, first in classUSS Klickitat.Enterprise diesel powered 800 hp, 11 knots max., Deadweight: 4,000, full load: 5,970, dimensions: 325 ft 4 in long, Width 48 ft, Max. depth 19 ft, Diesel 10,465 bbls, Gasoline 871,332 gals, Crew: officers 8, enlisted 72. First Navy commissioning in 1945. Built by St. John's River SB Corp. of Jacksonville, Florida. Total T1-M-BT1 gasoline tankers-AOG completed 12. Third shipUSS Nanticoke[12][13][14]
T1-MT-M1 tanker:Patapsco-class gasoline tanker Diesel electric system, Twin screws, 14 knots max., Capacity 680,000 gallons in 10 tanks about 2,000 tons, dimensions: 310 ft 9 in long, Width 48 ft 7 in, Max. depth 15 ft 0 in. Crew: World War II: 7 officers 120 enlisted, Vietnam: 7 officers 80 enlisted. First in classUSS Patapsco.[18][19]
T1-S-C3:Armadillo-class tanker steam powered 2,500 hp, 11 knots, single propeller, 14,245 LT displacement, 441.5 ft long, 57 ft wide, 27 ft 9 in draft, Capacity: 8,500 t. Oil 63,000 bbls, crew: 81.Z-ET1-S-C3 tankers were built by California Shipbuilding in Los Angeles, California.[20] TheET1-S-C3 tankers were built by Delta Shipbuilding in New Orleans, Louisiana. First in classUSS Armadillo.[21]
T-AOG-81 tanker: TheAlatna class small T1 tanker.Alatna-class gasoline tankers. The class is named after the first shipUSNS Alatna, launched in 1956. The other ship in the class isUSNS Chattahoochee.Alatna class has: diesel electric engines with two shafts, 3,200 hp, 13 knots max., displacements: 2,367 t (LT) 5,720 t (full load), Carry 30,000 bbls dimensions: 302 ft long, width 61 ft, max depth 23 ft. Crew of 51.[22][23][24][25][26]
Sulphur Bluff a T1-M-A1, renamedPunta Ciguena sank on 7 February 1960 atRio Uruguay river inBuenos Aires. She was raised, repaired and renamedDona Isabel.[28]
USS Chehalis, a T1-MT-M1, exploded while inSamoa, caught fire and sank in 1949.
USS Escatawpa, a T1-M-A2, ran aground and sank duringTyphoon Louise atKyushu,Japan, on 17 September 1945. She was raised, repaired and renamedGravatai which sank again in 1970.[29]
USS Nanticoke, a T1-M-BT1, renamed ARAPunta Delgada which sank in 1985.[30]
MSAvoca, a T1-M-BT1, renamedPetaluma thenMS Transpet caught fire and sank on 30 October 1951 after an explosion in the engine room in theGulf of St. Lawrence.
Sebasticook, a T1-M-BT1, renamed Mexia, thenKwang Lung caught fire and sank on 5 April 1961 atKaohsiung Harbor,Taiwan. The fire-fighting party fromUSS Prichett help put the fire out, but she still sank, spilled a million gallons of gasoline.[34]
USS Tetonkaha, a T1-M-A2, was renamedMaumee Sun. Damaged in a collision with MVAmerican Pilot in November 1965 and then scrapped.USCGC Escanaba came to her aid after the collision.[35]
Tarantella, a T1-M-BT2, renamed MVEsso Regulus was wrecked after running aground onMengalum Island in theSouth China Sea near Malaysia. on 15 January 1976, she was later scrapped in Hong Kong.[36]
USSKlickitat, a T1-M-BT1, renamedCapitan was wrecked in 1948, repaired and renamed MVPunta Loyola. She was sold and renamed MVAlkene, but wrecked again in 1974 off thePhilippines.[37]
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United States Navy
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