Třeboň | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of the historical centre | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Třeboň Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates:49°0′13″N14°46′14″E / 49.00361°N 14.77056°E /49.00361; 14.77056 | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | South Bohemian |
| District | Jindřichův Hradec |
| First mentioned | 1280 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Jan Váňa (ODS) |
| Area | |
• Total | 98.31 km2 (37.96 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 434 m (1,424 ft) |
| Population (2025-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 8,270 |
| • Density | 84.1/km2 (218/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 379 01 |
| Website | www |
Třeboň (Czech pronunciation:[ˈtr̝̊ɛboɲ]ⓘ;German:Wittingau) is a spa town inJindřichův Hradec District in theSouth Bohemian Region of theCzech Republic. It has about 8,300 inhabitants. The historic town centre with the castle complex is well preserved and is protected as anurban monument reservation.
Třeboň consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):[2]
The name is derived from the personal name Třeboň (shortened variant of the name Třebohost or Třebomysl).[3]
Třeboň is located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) southwest ofJindřichův Hradec and 19 km (12 mi) east ofČeské Budějovice. It lies in theTřeboň Basin. It is known for itsbogs with rich deposits ofpeat, which led to establishment of peat spa in the town.[4]
Třeboň is known for itsfish ponds, which were established in the region since Middle Ages.Rožmberk Pond is thelargest pond in the country and the largest fish pond in the world, with surface area of 489 hectares (1,210 acres). It was built between 1584 and 1590.[5] The urban area of Třeboň is located on the shore of Svět pond, also one of the largest Czech ponds with 201 ha (500 acres). It is primarily a fish pond, but also is used for sport and recreational purposes.
The whole municipal territory lies in the TřeboňskoProtected Landscape Area. TheLužnice river flows through the eastern part of the territory and supplies Rožmberk pond with water. There are many small watercourses, which supply the other ponds.
Třeboň was established around the middle of the 12th century. Around 1300, Třeboň was already fortified. In 1341, it was first referred to as a town. In 1366, Třeboň's Czech name first appeared, and theRosenberg family became owner of the estate. During their rule, the town gained importance and wealth. In 1376, Třeboň gained royal town privileges. At the end of the 14th century, the fortifications strengthened, which helped resist attacks during theHussite Wars.[6]
The greatest development occurred in the 16th and early 17th centuries, whenJakub Krčín was at the head of the Rosenberg family business and started to establish new ponds in the area. The region became famous as afish pond farming area. The end of prosperity came with extinction of the Rosenberg family, troop invasions, and several large fires. Třeboň further suffered during theThirty Years' War, when it was held by a regiment of Scots led by ColonelSir John Seton from 1620 to early 1622.[7] From 1660 to the 20th century, theHouse of Schwarzenberg owned the town and the estate.[6]
The town slowly recovered and remained economically unimportant until the 19th century, when it became a district town. Until 1918,Třeboň – Wittingau was part ofAustria-Hungary, in the district with the same name, one of the 94Bezirkshauptmannschaften inBohemia.[8]
AfterWorld War II, the first larger industry (clothing factory and large-scale agricultural production) was established in the town. In 1960, the Třeboň district was abolished and the town received spa status.[6]
Historical population | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source: Censuses[9][10] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Třeboň is a tourist destination, and this is the area's major economic activity, along with agriculture, the spa industry and other services.
The State RegionalArchive for SouthBohemia is based here, wheregenealogical studies about people born in the South Bohemian Region may be conducted.[11] The archive was held at the 15th-century Třeboň castle for many years,[12] although a substantial portion was moved to the municipal offices in 2014.
The spa companySlatinné lázně Třeboň is the largest employer in the town. The peat spa in Třeboň focuses on the treatment ofmusculoskeletal disorders,rheumatic problems, and post-injury and post-surgery reconvalescence.[13] The first modern spa in Třeboň was opened in 1883.[4]
Třeboň lies at the crossroads of two important roads: the I/24 (which connects theD3 motorway with the Czech-German border inHalámky, part of theEuropean route E49). and the I/34 (the section from České Budějovice to Jindřichův Hradec, part of theEuropean route E551).
Třeboň is located on the major international railway linePrague–Vienna.[14]
The International Festival of Animated FilmsAnifest was held in Třeboň each May between 2002 and 2010; after that,Anifilm took its place.[15] However, Anifest was moved from Třeboň toLiberec in 2020.[16]
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The natural centre of the town's historic core is Masarykovo Square. It is surrounded by burgher houses with Renaissance and Baroque facades. In the centre there are a Renaissance stone fountain from 1569, and a BaroqueMarian column.[17] The main landmark is the Old Town Hall, built in 1563. In 1638, a massive quadrangular 31 metres (102 ft) high tower was added to the town hall.[18]
Třeboň Castle is a Renaissance castle. A small stone castle in Třeboň was first mentioned in 1374. The current castle was created in 1565–1575 by reconstruction of old castle buildings damaged by fire. The castle includes anEnglish-style castle park.[19]
The Church of Our Lady Queen and Saint Giles is the largest building in the complex of the former Augustinian monastery. The monastery was founded in 1367 by the Rosenberg family and construction of the church began the same year. The monastery was abolished in 1785.[20]
The entrance to the town was guarded by massive gates, which are together with the fragments of the town walls preserved to this day.[21]
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