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Part ofa series on
Saint Thomas Christians
History Saint Thomas Thomas of Cana Mar Sabor and Mar Proth Tharisapalli plates Synod of Diamper Coonan Cross Oath
Religion Crosses Denominations Churches Syriac language Music
Prominent persons Abraham Malpan Anjilimoottil Itty Thommen Kathanar Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar Kayamkulam Philipose Ramban Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly Mar Thoma I Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception Sadhu Kochoonju Upadesi Kariattil Iousep Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala Geevarghese Ivanios Euphrasia Eluvathingal Thoma of Villarvattom
Culture Margamkali Parichamuttukali Cuisine Suriyani Malayalam
v t e

This article lists the various old and ancient churches that exist among theSaint Thomas Christians inKerala.^[1][2][3][4]

• Palayoor St Thomas Syro-Malabar Church – According to tradition, the Syrian church was established in 52 AD bySt Thomas, one of the twelve apostles ofJesus Christ.^[5] It is the first church in India, and St. Thomas performed the first baptism in India here, therefore this church is called anApostolic Church credited to the apostolate ofSt. Thomas, who preached and also introduced Christianity to the people here.

• Kodungallur Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Church – The Kodungallur church is considered to be one of the oldest churches built byThomas the Apostle in 52 AD, second only toSt. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayoor. The current Marthoma Pontifical shrine (Kodungaloor Mar Thoma Church) church is on the banks of theRiver Periyar about 6 km fromKodungallur, in the village ofAzhikode in Kerala.^[6][7]

• Arthat St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral – According to local tradition the Arthat was a former Jewish settlement where Thomas the Apostle converted many Jewish families to Christianity. He also established a cross at Arthat which was consecrated as the Arthat church in the 2nd century.
• Mattom St Thomas Forane Syro-Malabar Church – The Mattam St Thomas Forane Syro-Malabar Church was established in 140 by theSyrian Christians who migrated fromPalayoor.

• Ambazhakkad St Thomas Forane Syro-Malabar Church – The Ambazhakkad Syrian Church was established in 300 in the land which was donated by aNambudiri of the Ambazhakada Mana for the Saint Thomas Syrian Christians of Ambazhakkad who migrated from Kodungallur.^[8]

• St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Pazhanji – The Pazhanji church was constructed in the 4th century by the Saint Thomas Syrian Christian members of theKunnamkulam Arthat Cathedral. Many Syrian Christians who fled Arthat at the time of theMysorean invasion of Malabar in the 18th century joined the Pazhanji Syrian Church.
• Parappukara St John's Syro-Malabar Church – TheParappukkara Syrian Church was established in 400 by theSyrian Christians who migrated toParappukkara fromKodungallur. It has ancient murals from the 10th century onwards.

• Puthenchira St Mary's Syro-Malabar Forane Church – The Puthenchira Syrian Church was established in 400 by theSyrian Christians of Puthenchira who migrated fromKodungallur due to conflict between local rulers.
• North Pudukkad Our Lady of Mount Carmel Syro-Malabar Church – The Mullassery church was established in 400. The church was established by theSyrian Christians who migrated toPuthukkad which lies on the fertile plains of Manali river.
• Enammavu Our Lady of Carmel Syro-Malabar Church – The Enammavu Church (Enammakkal Church) was established in 510 by theSyrian Christians who migrated fromPalayoor. In the later centuries manySyrian Christians migrated from Enammavu toThrissur as they were invited byShakthan Thampuran for the development of trade and business in the town.
• Chalakudy St Mary's Syro-Malabar Forane Church – The church was constructed in 600 by theSyrian Christians ofChalakudy who had migrated fromKodungallur whereThomas the Apsotle had converted them to Christianity. The Syrian Christians of Chalakudy attended the Ambazhakkad Syrian Church till the establishment of the Chalakudy Syrian Church. The Kodassery Karthakkal helped in the reconstruction of the Chalakudy Syrian Church several times^[9]
• Velayanad St Mary's Syro-Malabar Old Church – Established in the 9th century by the Syrian Christians of Velayanad who formerly attended the nearby Pazhuviland Puthenchira Syrian Church. The church was partially demolished byTipu Sultan during theMysorean invasion of Malabar in 1790.

• Thazhekkad St Sebastian's Syro-Malabar Church – The Thazhekkad Syrian Church was established in the 10th century. It has hosted the notableThazhekkad Sasanam where many privileges and grants where given to theSyrian Christians. The Syrian Christian community was primarily under the jurisdiction of Ambazhakad and later under the parish of Marth Mariam church, Velayanad.
• Arimbur St Anthony's Syro-Malabar Church – The Arimpur Syrian Church was established in the 9th century by the Syrian Christians who migrated from Enamavu who formerly attended the Enammavu Syrian Church.

• Pazhuvil St Anthony's Syro-Malabar Church – It was founded in 883. This church is one of the famous pilgrimage centers in Kerala. It is renowned for the feast of St. Joseph on 19 March. The origin of Thattil family inThrissur is linked with one of the army Chief ofThe King of Kochi. He was killed in a battle withZamorin of Kozhikode at Enammavu inThrissur. As a mark of respect and memory of this great warrior, King promised to construct a church, where his body is buried. The Syrian Christians of Pazhuvil attended the Ennamavu Syrian Church before the establishment of the Pazhuvil Syrian Church in 883 AD.

• Mapranam Mar Sleeva Syro-Malabar Church – Believed to have been constructed in 928 AD by the Syrian Christians of Mapranam who were the former parishioners of the Kodungallur and Parappukkara Syrian Church.
• Kottekkad St Mary's Syro-Malabar Forane Church – The Kottekkad Syrian Church was established in 977 by the Cherman Perumal and the localSyrian Christians who migrated fromPalayoor.
• Chavakkad Chittattukara St Sebastian's Syro-Malabar Church – The Chavakkad Chittattukara church was built in the 12th century bySaint Thomas Syrian Christians ofChavakkad by the Syrian Christians who separated from thePalayur Church.

• Koratty St Mary's Syro-Malabar Church – The Thampuratty of theKoratty Kartha constructed a church near the burial place of her chief commander, for the spiritual needs of theSyrian Christians living in that region. Construction work began on 15 August 1381 and was completed with the consecration on 8 September 1382. This church came to be known as the Marian Pilgrim Centre of Koratty Muthy. Ambazhakad Church was the parish for the Syrian Christians of Koratty before the establishment of Koratty church.^[10]
• Kottapadi St Lazar's Syro-Malabar Church – The Kottapadi Syrian Church was established in 1400 by thePunnathur Rajah (a vassal of theZamorin) for Syrian Christian coconut traders brought from nearby areas likeKunnamkulam andArthat.

• Kottakavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Church North Parvoor – The Kottakavu Syrian Church was established byThomas the Apsotle in 52 AD. It is one of the oldest churches in India and is among theEzharappallikal. Many Syrian Christian migrations happened fromNorth Paravur to places likeAngamaly,Kothamangalam,Edappally,Udayamperoor,Thodupuzhaetc.

• Malayattoor St Thomas Syro-Malabar Church – Believed to be established as a cross in 60 AD by Thomas the Apostle.

• Kothamangalam St Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral – The Kothamanagalam Valiyapally was founded on the 4th century by some Syrian Christian families who migrated fromNorth Paravur,Edappally andAngamaly. The new church established in 1338 by four Syrian Christian merchants who bought the entire land ofKothamangalam from a local chief for commodity trading with the nearby state ofTamil Nadu.

• Kandanad St Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral – Kandanad Valiyapally is a prominent church in theKandanad village of Ernakulam District of Kerala. This church is believed to have been built around the 4th century, belongs to Kandanad West Diocese of Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. The migrants from North Paravur had built the Kandanad Syrian Church.

• Angamaly St Mary's Soonoro Cathedral – The Angamaly St Mary's Soonoro Jacobite Syriac Church was established in 409 AD by th Syrian Christians who migrated to Angamaly fromKodungallur. Later in the following centuries several waves of Syrian Christian migration happened into Angamaly.
• Angamaly St George's Syro-Malabar Basilica – Established in 430 by the Syrian Christian migrants from Kodungallur and North Paravur to Angamaly. Eventually the majority of Syrian Christians of Kodungallur had migrated to Angamaly in several waves of migrations due to wars between rivals and the great flood of 1381 AD.

• Angamaly Mar Hormizd Syro-Malabar Cathedral – It was built in 480 AD by the Syrian Christian migrants from Kodungallur. The tomb ofMar Abraham of Angamaly, the lastChaldean Metropolitan to reachMalabar Coast in AD 1570 is situated in this church.^[11][12]
• Kottoor St. George Orthodox Syrian Church – The Kottoor Church is believed to be founded in 5th century as a chapel ofPallippuram Church nearCherthala in the initial periods, later became a parish of theKolenchery Syrian Church.

• Udayamperoor Synod of Diamper Syro-Malabar Church – Consecrated in 510 AD by the Syrian Christians who migrated from Kodungallur, the Udayamperoor church hosted theSynod of Diamper in 1599.^[11]

• Edappally St George's Syro-Malabar Forane Church – The church is thought to have been founded in 593 AD. It is regarded as one of the oldest churches in Kerala, after the seven churches founded byThomas the Apostle in the first century. It was built by families fromParavur who had to travel to theKottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Church,North Paravur to worship.

• Piravom St Mary's Orthodox Cathedral – The Piravom Syrian Cathedral was consecrated in the 6th century and is dedicated to the Holy Magi, St. Mary, St. Peter, St. Paul and St. George. One among the three Biblical Magi was from India and was a member of the Chalissery Karthakal, a feudalNair family fromPiravom, Kerala, India. After returning to India, the scholar made a temple with the idol of Mary and infant Jesus and named the idol as "Bala Karthyayani" and kept it besides other Hindu deities. Later in the 5th century when the Saint Thomas Syrian Christian community was firmly established the temple was reconstructed as the Piravom Syrian Church. Later many Syrian Christian migrations happened in the following centuries from North Paravur and Pallippuram to Piravom.
• Moozhikkulam St Mary's Syro-Malabar Forane Church – Established in 601 AD by the Syrian Christians who migrated from Kodungallur and by those who separated from the Angamaly Old Syrian Church.

• Kolenchery St Peter's and St Paul's Orthodox Syrian Church – St. Peter's and St. Paul's Orthodox Syrian Church is a church inKolenchery, in Ernakulam, Kerala, India. It was established in the 9th century by Thankan Mappila of the Kolenchery family. Before the Kolenchery church was established the Syrian Christians of Kolenchery attended theKottoor Syrian Church andPiravom Church.

• Karingachira St George's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral – Karingachira St. George's Jacobite Syrian Church of Jacobite Syrian Christian Church, established in 722 AD (Makaram 13) by the Syrian Christians ofEdappally Church who had migrated toKaringachira-Tripunithura in the 8th century. The Maliackel and the Palathinkal families had built the Karingachira Church.
• South Paravur St John the Baptist Syro-Malabar Church – The South Paravur church was established in 802 by the Syrian Christians of South Paravur who separated from theUdayamperoor Syrian Church.

• Akaparambu Mar Sabor and Mar Proth Church – Completed in 825 AD, the church was established byMar Sabor and Mar Afroth who were two holy men who came to Malabar to preach the Gospel with a group of Assyrian Christian (Nestorians) immigrants led by a merchant named Sapor Esho.

• Kadamattom St George's Orthodox Syrian Church – The church is believed to have been established in the 9th century byMar Sabor. A 9th-century stone Persian cross with four equal-size arms sits on the right wall of the Madbha or altar room. The arms are tipped with floral designs and is claimed to have been made by Mar Sabor. Around the cross is engraved aPahlavi inscription. The Syrian Christians of Kadamattom attended thePiravom church for worship before the establishment of this church.

• Morakkala St Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral, Pallikkara – The Morakkala St Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral, Pallikara was established in 905 AD by the Syrian Christians of Morakkala and Pallikkara who were parishioners of theEdappally Syrian Church.

• Arakuzha Saint Mary's Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Church – TheArakuzha Syrian Church is an ancientSyrian Catholic Church which was built by the local jenmi, Prathipally Karthakal for the 1000 Syrian Christian families of Arakuzha in 999 AD for those who separated from the Mylacombu Syrian Church.

• Kanjur St Mary's Forane Syro-Malabar Church – Built in 1001, this church is portrayed as the symbol of strong Christian faith and spiritual renaissance ofKanjoor. The Kanjoor Syrian Church was established by the Syrian Christians who migrated from Angamaly and Kodungallur.
• Chowara St Mary's Syro-Malabar Church, Aluva – The Chowara church was established in 1025 by the Syrian Christians traders and merchants who migrated from Kodungallur and Kottakavu (North Paravur).
• Chendamangalam Mar Sleeva Syro-Malabar Church – TheChendamangalam church was established in 1075 AD by the parishioners ofKottakkavu Syrian Church. This church has many ancient inscriptions and murals and is part of the Muziris heritage monuments.
• Koothattukulam Vadakara St John's Orthodox Syrian Church – St. John's church at Vadakara,Koothattukulam is one of the oldest Syrian Christian churches in Malankara. It was established in the 1096 by the Syrian Christians ofPiravom Syrian Valiyapally.
• Ernakulam St Mary's Syro-Malabar Basilica – Also known as the Anchukaimal Pally, it was founded in 1112 AD by the Syrian Christians of Ernakulam who previously attended theEdappally Suriyani Church.^[13]
• Mulakulam Mor Ihidoyo Orthodox Syrian Church – The Mulakulam church was initially established as a chapel of the Piravom church in 1136 with the help of a Samanthan of the Vadakkumkoor Rajah. In 1566 it was reconstructed.
• Mamalassery Mar Michael Orthodox Syrian Church – The Mamalassery Syrian Church was established in the 12th century by the Syrian Christians who separated from the Piravom Syrian Church following a feud between them.

• Nadamel Marth Mariam Jacobite Syrian Church, Thrippunithura – Nadamel Marth Mariam Church was built in 1175 inTripunithura, India by the former parishioners of the Karingachira Syrian Church. It belongs to theMalankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church.
• Palluruthy St Mary's Syro-Malabar Church – The Palluruthy Syro-Malabar Church was established in 1191 by the Syrian Christians who migrated from Pallippuram in Alappuzha.It is popularly known as Suriyanipally as it is the first and only Syrian church in the area. It is one of the oldest church in kochi.

• Mulanthuruthy St Thomas Orthodox Syrian Cathedral – The church was established in 1225 (11th century) and modified in 16th century (in 1550) by theKnanaya Tharakan (minister) Kunchacko of the Kunnassery family. Due to an altercation between the Syrian Christians and theKingdom of Vadakkumkur Kunchacko had gathered the Knanaya ofSt. Mary's Knanaya Valiyapally, Kaduthuruthy as well as allSyrian Christians he could find within Vadakkumkur and moved them to Mulanthuruthy. Upon arrival Kunchacko had sanctioned the building of the Mulanthuruthy Church. Later the Knanaya were called back to their home church of Kaduthuruthy by the descendants of the King of Vadakkumkur, leaving Mulanthuruthy Church in the care of the Syrian Christians who remained there.^[14][15]
• Karakunnam Morth Mariam Jacobite Syrian Cathedral – The Karakunnam Syrian Church was established in the 13th century by the Syrian Christians who separated from the Kadammattom Syrian Church.

• Alangad St Mary's Syro-Malabar Church – TheAlangad church was established in 1300 by theSyrian Christians of Alangad and the Alangad Karthakal. The Syrian Christians of Alangad formerly attended theKottakavu North Paravur Church.

• Kuruppampady St Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral – TheKuruppampady cathedral is one among the older churches of the Malankara Church in the Ernakulam district, Kerala. The church was established around 1300 by a group of Syrian Christian families who were members of theKanjoor church residing at Kuruppampady.
• North Kuthiathode St Thomas Syro-Malabar Old Church – The North Kuthiathode Old Church was established in 1301 by the Syrian Christians who migrated from Kodungallur and North Paravur.

• Manjapra Jacobite Syrian Church – Built in 1401 by the local Syrian Christians who separated from the Angamaly Old Church.

• Vallom St Theresa's Syro-Malabar Church, Perumbavoor – The Vallom church was established in 1455 by the Syrian Christians of Vallom, Perumbavoor who formerly attended the Kanjur and Angamaly Syrian churches for worship.

• Njarakkal St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Church – Established in 1451 inVypeen by the Syrian Christians who separated from the North ParavurKottakavu church.
• Nechoor St Thomas Orthodox Syrian Church – The Nechoor Syrian Church was established in 1455 by the Syrian Christians who separated from thePiravom Syrian Valiyapally.

• Kothamanagalam St Thomas Syrian Church – TheKothamanagalam Mar Thoman Cheriyapally was established in 1455 by 18 families who separated from theKothamanagalam Valiyapally.

^[11]

• North Paravur St Thomas' Jacobite Syrian Church – Established in 1566, the North Paravur Syrian Church is known for the tomb of the Syrian Orthodox Archbishop of Jerusalem - SaintGregorios Abdul Jaleel for the Syrian Christians who separated from theKottakkavu Church.

• Mylacombu St Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Thodupuzha – Built in 660 AD bySyrian Christian settlers in Mylacombu nearThodupuzha who migrated fromKuravilangad,Kodungallur,Angamaly,Kadamattom andVadakara, Koothattukulam.^[16][17]
• Nakapuzha St Mary's Syro-Malabar Church, Thodupuzha – The Nakapuzha church was established in 900 AD by theSyrian Christians who migrated to Nagapuzha,Thodupuzha fromKuravilangad andKaduthuruthy and by the Syrian Christians who separated from the Mylakombu Church.
• Nediyassala St Mary's Syro-Malabar Church, Thodupuzha – Incepted in 999 AD, Nediyasala Church is one of the ancient churches in the Eparchy of Kothamangalam which belongs to the Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Church. The Nediyassala Church was established by the Syrian Christians of Nediyassala who separated from the Mylakombu Church. The Syrian Christian immigrants fromUdayamperoor,Kuravilangad,Mulamthuruthy,Kaduthuruthy,Edappally, etc. to the high ranges in the 999 AD along with the Syrian Christians who separated from the nearby Mylakombu church established the Nediyasala Church.

• Arakuzha Saint Mary's Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Church – The Arakuzha Syrian Church is an ancient Syrian Catholic Church which was built by the local jenmi, Prathipally Karthakal for the 1000 Syrian Christian families of Arakuzha in 999 AD for those who separated from the Mylacombu Syrian Church.
• Muthalakodam St George Syro-Malabar Forane Church, Thodupuzha – The church atMuthalakodam, nearThodupuzha, is believed to have been built in 1312 by an ancient noble lady named Kapputhiriyamma (Mattathil Muthi) for the Syrian Christians of Muthalakodam who attended the Mylacombu Syrian Church for worship.
• Chunkom St Mary's Knanaya Syro-Malabar Forane Church, Thodupuzha – The Chunkom Knanaya Church was established in 1579 by theKnanaya Christians who had migrated from Kodungallur following a war between theZamorin of Calicut andCochin Kingdom, and theKnananites who migrated fromUdayamperoor in the 9th century who separated from the Mylacombu Syrian Church.

• Kuravilangad Marth Mariam Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church – One of the oldest churches of Kerala is the St. Mary's ChurchKuravilangad,^[18][19] which is supposed to have been established in 105 AD by the Syrian Christians who migrated fromKodungallur,North Paravur andPalayoor
• Aruvithura St George's Syro-Malabar Church – It is believed thatSt. Thomas visited Irapeli in Arivithura and converted many prominentJewish families into Christianity among them is the Thengummootil family, and laid a cross on the banks of the Meenachil River which in the year 151 was built as a church. Many Syrian Christians migrated fromKuravilangad to Aruvithura owing to the trading potential. In the 14th century when Nilackal (Chayal) was looted by the Pandya Kingdom of Madurai, the church of Nilackal (Chayal), established by Thomas the Apostle was destroyed and many Syrian Christian families migrated to Arivithura in Erattupetta, these immigrants joined the Aruvithura Syrian Church.

• St. Mary's Knanaya Valiyapally, Kaduthuruthy – The Kaduthuruthy Valiyapally is a historic church founded by the Knanaya community in 400 AD who migrated to Kaduthuruthy from Kodungallur and theSaint Thomas Christians who separated from theKuravilangad Church who had also migrated fromKodungallur andNorth Paravur. The Knanaya are Syriac-Judeo Christians who migrated from regions around Mesopotamia.^[20]

• Muttuchira Ruhada Kudisha Syro-Malabar Church – The consecration day ofMuttuchira church was on the arrival ofPentecost on 25 May 550. The Muttuchira church is one of the most ancient churches in India. It is believed to have been built in the sixth century. The Christians were brought to this territory by the dependants of the then landlord Myal Pazhur Naboothiripadu and Mamalassery Kaimal. These local rulers helped the Christian congregation to build a new church in that area. The prominent Kallarveli family helped to build the church. The Syrian Christian ps ofMuttuchira attended theKuravilangad church before the establishment ofMuttuchira church.
• Kothanalloor St. Gervasis and St. Prothasis Syro-Malabar Forane Church – The church is believed to have been built in 826 AD by Persian Nestorians Mar Sabor and Mar Aphroth and is well known for its twin patron saints, St. Gervasis and St. Prothasis.

• St. Mary's Forane Church, Athirampuzha – Athirampuzha church traces its history to the Ettonnussery Illam which was the power centre of the local kingdom. It is said that the Namboodiri of this Illam donated the land to build a church in the name of blessed virgin Mary as a token of gratitude on the miraculous birth of his son for the Syrian Christians who migrated toAthirampuzha fromKuravilangad andKaduthuruthy. The church was blessed on 15 August 835 AD. Athirampuzha acted as an inland trade centre for the trade routes between the hilly regions likeKanjirappally andPoonjar to the trading ports likePurakkad,Chennamkary andKudavechoor after the 10th century. This trade route attracted many Syrian Christians fromKuravilangad,Kaduthuruthy,Vaikom etc. towardsAthirampuzha.

• Manarcaud St Mary's Jacobite Syrian Cathedral – The oldManarcad Church was built in 920 by the Kallakkadampil family andThekkumkur royal Kingdom. The Manarcaud Church was established by the Syrian Christian families which migrated from Kodungallur following a riot between the Jews and Muslims.
• Vadayar Infant Jesus Syro-Malabar Church, Vaikom – The Vadayar Church established in 977 AD is the oldest church in Vaikom. It was built by the Syrian Christian immigrants to Vaikom from Kuravilangad.
• Kadaplamattom St Mary's Syro-Malabar Forane Church – TheKadaplamattom Syrian church was established in 1009 by the Syrian Christians who migrated from Kaduthuruthy and Kuravilangad.
• Kaduthuruthy St. Mary's Thazhathupally – The Kaduthuruthy Thazhathupally was consecrated in 1009 by the Syrian Christians who separated from the Kaduthuruthy Knanaya Valiyapally.
• Pala St Thomas Syro-Malabar Cathedral – The church was founded on 3 July 1072, by fourSaint Thomas Syrian Christian families. These four Christian families of Palai were Tharayil, Koottumkal (brother of Tharayil Mappila), Erakonni and Vayalakombil. Before the establishment of the Pala St Thomas Cathedral the Syrian Christians of Pala attended the Aruvithura Syrian Church.

• Cherpunkal Mar Sleeva Syro-Malabar Forane Church – Tradition has it that the stone laid by St. Thomas ultimately led to the founding of the Holy Cross Church at Cherpunkal. The foundation stone for the new church was laid on 14 September 1096. The land for the construction of the church was donated by Kallampally Namboothiri, a landlord and the construction of the church was ordered by the Thampuran of Poonjar.

• Bharananganam Anakkal St Mary's Syro-Malabar Church – TheBharananganam Church was consecrated in 1100 by the Syrian Christians who migrated fromAruvithura andPalai. The tomb ofSt. Alphonsa is in this church.

• Kudamaloor St Mary's Syro-Malabar Church – St. Mary's Church at Kudamaloor was built by Chempakasseri Maharajah in 1125 AD. A bell and the Paten, donated to the church by the Chempakassery King, are still preserved. The Chempaskassery Rajah built a church in Kudamaloor, his capital by the advice of his astrologer and brought five Syrian Christian families namely, Mukkunkal, Chakkunkal, Palathunkal, Thekkedam and Vadakkedam into Kudamaloor fromMuttuchira and gave them land. As a result, Kudamaloor developed into a major trading centre in thePoonjar–Purakkad trade route. This attracted many Syrian Christian families into Kudamaloor especially fromAthirampuzha, another trading hub.

• Changanassery St Mary's Metropolitan Syro-Malabar Cathedral – The local Christian community in and aroundChanganachery inherits its faith directly fromSt. Thomas the Apostle, who formed a Christian community of faithful, centered onNiranam in the 1st century. The first church inChanganachery was established in 1177. The plot of land for the church was donated by the local Hindu king ofThekkumkoor.

  

• Koothrapally St Mary's Syro Malabar Catholic Church (Muthappan Pally) - Established in 1876, the church was established by the Christian leader,Palakunnel Valiyachan who advocated for the Syriac culture and tradition. The church situated nearChanganassery.
• Mulakulam Mor Ihidoyo Orthodox Syrian Church – The Mulakulam church was initially established as a chapel of the Piravom church in 1136. In 1566 it was reconstructed.
• Elanji St Peter's and St Paul's Syro-Malabar Forane Church – The St. Peter's and St. Paul's Syro-Malabar Catholic church was established in 1300 AD as per the order of the then Vadakumkoor King for the Syrian Christians of Elanji who formerly attended the Piravom Syrian Church for worship. Many Syrian Christian families from Angamaly had migrated to Ekanki along with the Azhvanchery Thampurakkal.

• Chempu St Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Vaikom – The Chempu Syrian Catholic Church was established in 1307 by the Syrian Christians who migrated toChempu, Vaikom fromPallippuram, Alappuzha andKaduthuruthy. The Syrian Christians of Chempu attended the Piravom and Kaduthuruthy churches before th establishment of Chempu Church.
• Vaikom Pallipurathussery St Joseph's Syro Malabar Forane Church – TheVaikom Pallipurathussery Syrian Church was established in 1391 by the Syrian Christians who separated from the Vadayar Syrian Church and the Syrian Christians who migrated from Pallippuram, Alappuzha.

• Kudavechoor St Mary's Syro Malabar Church – TheKudavechoor St Mary's Syrian church was consecrated in 1463 by the Syrian Christians who separated from the Vaikom Syrian Church and the Pallippuram Syrian Church. Many ancient murals are found in the Kudavechoor Church.

• Kanjirapally St Mary's Syro Malabar Akkarapally –Thomas the Apsotle had established a church inNilackal (Chayal) in 54 AD. It was an important trading city in the erstwhile Chempakassery Kingdom and had flourishing trade with thePandya Kingdom ofMadurai. But in 1325, Chembakacherry had was a war with kingdom ofMadurai, probably owing to a trade dispute. The city was looted and torched and nothing remained of it. TheNilakkal church was burned down, but Thommy Mappilla, the Chief Trusty of the church managed to save the statue of the Blessed Virgin. The Syrian Christians of Nilackal led by Thommy Mappila fled to the Pazhoor Valley inKanjirapally. Later, in 1449 a predecessor of Thommy Mappilla and Veera Kerala Perumal, the Maha Raja ofThekkumkoor Kingdom constructed a church inKanjirapally.

• Ramapuram St Mary's and St Augustine's Syro Malabar Twin Churches – The centuries-old twin churches ofRamapuram are two of the oldest churches in Kerala. The complex consists of a smaller church dedicated to St. Augustine and a larger one dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The church dedicated to St. Augustine dates to 1450, which was built by the King of Vadakkumkoor and the Karokkal Kaimal family (a feudal Nair family), while the one dedicated to the Blessed Virgin was erected in 1864. The Syrian Christians of Ramapuram had migrated from Aruvithura and Kuravilangad into Ramapuram in the early 12th century.
• Poonjar St Mary's Syro Malabar Forane Church – The Syrian Christians who migrated from Nilackal, Kanjirapally and the Syrian Christians who separated from the Aruvithura Syrian Church together built the Poonjar Church in 1542 AD. Many Syrian Christian migrations happened to and fromPoonjar as it was an ancient trading point in the hilly regions along withKanjirappally,Nilakkal andRanni. The spices and the trading goods were transported to inland trade centres likeAthirampuzha,Thazhathangady,Kottayam etc. through rivers likeMeenachilar,Manimalayar andPamba to the trading ports such asPurakkadChennamkary andKudavechoor. Many Syrian Christians ofKottayam trace their origins toPoonjar.
• Thazhathangady Orthodox Syrian Church – A worshiping community of Syrian Christian adherents existed in Thazhathangady dating back to the 12th century. Thazhathangady was the headquarters of the Thekkumkoor (Thekkumkur) Rajas who ruled over a principality which includes the larger parts of the present Kottayam and Idukki districts. The Thazhathangady Church was established in the 16th century by Syrian Christian migrants fromPoonjar,Athirampuzha,Pallam,Chengannur andKanjirappally.

• Kottayam St Mary's Orthodox Syrian Valiyapally–There were few Syrian Christians inKottayam town till the early part of the 14th century based atThazhathangady,Manarcaud and Kudamaloor. For various reasons many Syrian Christian families led by Pulikal family fromPoonjar migrated toKottayam and settled nearby Eruthickal temple belonging toThekkumkur state. Large scale migration of Syrian Christians fromKuravilangad,Kaduthuruthy,Athirampuzha,Vaikom andPoonjar occurred in the 16th century and they settled nearbyKottayam, PazhayachandaThazhathangady, Puthenangady, and Valiyangady. The Kottayam St Mary's Knanaya Valiyapally was built in 1550 by theThekkumkur Rajah for these Syrian Christians who had migrated toKottayam town. At present theMalankara OrthodoxKnanaya Christians use the Kottayam Valiyapally for worship.

• Puthupally St George's Orthodox Syrian Church – The Puthupally Mar Geevarghese Suriyani Valiyapally was established in 1557 AD as a chapel of theChanganassery Syrian Church for the Nasranis of Puthupally who attended the Changanassery Church. It also accommodated the Syrian Christian merchant families fromKuravilangad,Poonjar,Nilackal,Niranam,Chengannur,Kaduthuruthy etc. who migrated to regions in and aroundKottayam town in the 16th century.^[21]

• Kottayam St Mary's Cheriyapally – The Kottayam Cheriyapally was built in 1579 by theThekkumkur Kingdom for the Syrian Christians who separated from Kottayam Valiyapally due to a rift with theKnanaya community.

• Kokkamangalam St Thomas Syro Malabar Church – The Kokkamangalam Syrian Church was established byThomas the Apostle in 52 AD and is one among theEzharappallikal.

• Pallippuram St Mary's Syro Malabar Forane Church – One of the most ancient churches in Kerala, the Pallippuram Syrian Church was established in 290 AD by former parishioners who separated from theKokkamangalam Church.

• Champakulam Kalloorkadu St. Mary's Syro Malabar Basilica –Champakulam Kalloorkadu St. Mary's Basilica (also called Champakulam Valiya Palli) is one of the oldest Christian churches in India^[22][23][24] and the mother church of almost all Catholic Syrian churches in Alleppey District. Believed to have been established in 427 AD,^[25] the church was rebuilt many times. The Syrian Christians ofChampakulam had separated from theNiranam Syrian Church. TheKuttanad region which includesChampakulam,Pulinkunnu,Chennamkary experienced a huge influx of Syrian Christians in the 11th centuries fromKuravilangad,Kaduthuruthy,Vaikom etc. owing to its huge agricultural potential and as it was near to the ancient seaport ofPurakkad.

• Chengannur Old Syrian Church – TheChengannur Old Syrian Church was established in the 4th century by the Syrian Christians of Chengannur and nearby areas who separated from theNiranam Syrian Church and migrated fromNilakkal.
• Kayamkulam Kadeesha Orthodox Syrian Church – The church was established by the Persian Nestorian merchantsMar Sabor and Mar Proth in 824 AD for the Syrian Christians ofKayamkulam who had formerly attended the Kadampanad Syrian church. Significant migrations to Kayamkulam fromKadampanad andThiruvithamcode occurred in the later centuries.

• Karthikapally St. Thomas Syrian Orthodox Church – TheKarthikappally Kottakkakathu Old Syrian Church was established in 829 AD by the Syrian Christians who separated from theChengannur Syrian Church. In the 11th century when the OldHaripad Church was demolished by theKarthikapallyNaduvazhi, half of the parishioners established theCheppad Syrian Church and the other half joined the Karthikapally Syrian Church.

• Mavelikkara St Mary's Syrian Orthodox Church, Puthiyakavu – The Syrian Christians of Mavelikkara used to worship at the Kayamkulam Kadeesha Syrian Church but as it was far away the Nasranis with the help of the Mavelikkara Madamkoor King built the Kandiyoor Church at Mavelikkara at AD 943. But, the Kayamkulam King burned the Kandiyoor Church as a revenge to the Mavelikkara Madamkoor King. Thus the Mavelikkara Puthiyakavu Syrian Church was established in 943 AD by the Syrian Christians ofMavelikkara with the help of the Mavelikkara Madamkoor King. Many Syrian Christians fromKadampanad andThiruvithamcode had migrated toMavelikkara.

• Chennamkary St Joseph's Syro Malabar Church – The Chennamkary Syrian Church was established in 977 AD by Syrian Christian immigrants fromChampakulam. TheKuttanad region experienced a huge influx of Syrian Christians after the 11th century fromKuravilangad,Kaduthuruthy,Vaikom etc. owing to its huge agricultural potential.

• Muttom St Mary's Forane Syrian Church, Cherthala – The "Muttathu Pally" was built in 1023 inCherthala,Alappuzha it served the Syrian Christians ofCherthala who had separated from theKokkamangalam Church.

• Cheppad St George Orthodox Syrian Church – It is believed that the church may have been founded in 1175 by the Syrian Christians who separated from OldHaripad Church. The Old Haripad Church existed from the 7th century but it was demolished in the 11th century as a result half of the parishioners established the Cheppad church and the other half joined theKarthikapally Syrian Church. TheCheppad Syrian Church has many centuries old murals depicting Syrian, Armenian, Ethiopian, Byzantine and traditional Kerala folk painting artworks. It also has an Ethiopian cross.^[26]
• Venmony St Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church – The Venmony Church was established in the 13th century by thePandalam Royal family for the VenmonyNasranis who had to travel to theMavelikkara Puthiyakavu Church.
• Purakkad Mar Sleeva Syro Malabar Church – ThePurakkad Mar Sleeva Church was established in 1410 by the ruler of the Chempakassery Kingdom for his Syrian Christian soldiers ofChampakulam. Purakkad which developed into a major trading port witnessed significant Syrian Christian migration.
• Thathampally St Michael's Syro Malabar Church, Alappuzha – The Thathampally Syrian Church was established in 1404 by the Alavoor Matham (Naduvazhi) and the native Syrian Christians of NorthernAryanad who were former attendees of the Vadassery Syrian Church.

• Mattel St Thomas Syro Malabar Church, Pallippuram – The Mattel Syrian Church was established before the 15th century at the place where the Saint Thomas Cross which sank in the Vembanad Lake at Gokkamangalam was found.

• Pazhavanangadi Mar Sleeva Forane Syro Malabar Church, Alappuzha – The Pazhavanangadi Syrian Church built in 1400 AD by the localSyrian Christians who separated from theChampakulam Kalloorkad Church.

• St. Mary's Forane Church, Pulinkunnoo – ThePulinkunnu Syrian Church was established in 1557 by the Syrian Christians of Pulinkunnu, Alappuzha who separated from theChampakulam Kalloorkad Church.
• Kallissery St Mary's Orthodox Syrian Knanaya Valiyapally – TheKallisseryKnanaya Valiyapally was established in 1580 by theKnananites who separated from theChengannur Old Syrian Church and theKnanaya Syrians who migrated fromKodungallur due to a war between theSyrian Christians andMuslim Mappilas ofKodungallur.

• Kattachira Church - Kattachira Church is administered byJacobite Syrian Christian Church, ProclaimedGlobal Marian Pilgrim Centre. In this church, Aromatic oil flowed from the Icon of theMother of God,Syriac Orthodox Patriarch bull, Prayer book and Holy Cross.

• Niranam St Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church – The ancient Niranam Syrian church was founded by Thomas the Apsotle in 54 AD and is among theEzharappallikal. Later many Syrian Christians migrated from Niranam to places likeChengannur,Mavelikkara,Kallooppara,Champakulam,Changanassery and other regions in the presentPathanamthitta andAlappuzha district.

• Nilackal St Thomas Ecumenical Syrian Church – The Nilackal (Chayal) Church in Angamoozhy was established by Thomas the Apostle in 54 AD and is among the Ezharappallikal. The Syrian Christians of Nilakkal had migrated to nearby regions ofKadampanad,Adoor,Thumpamon andChengannur between the 2nd and the 8th centuries. According to tradition manyTamil Brahmins,Vellalars andChettiars were converted by St Thomas the apostle in theCoromandel coast (Mylapore,Kayalpattanam). These converts from Coromandel later flocked towards the Syrian Christian strongholds in Kerala likeNilakkal(Chayal) and Kollam in the 2nd century following persecution. Nilakkal was an important trading city in the erstwhileChera Kingdom and had flourishing trade with thePandya Kingdom of Madurai. In the 10th centuryPandalam andPoonjar dynasties branched off from the Pandyan Kingdom and established themselves in Kerala, Nilakkal being part ofPandalam. The decline of Nilackal initiated in the early 12th century whenMaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I conqueredQuilon, as Nilackal was the passage between Chera-Pandya it was sacked. This influencedPandyan bandits and plunderers led by Vikramanpuli Thevar (Vakrapuli) and Paraiya pattam (Perumpatta) to loot Nilackal early in the 12th century. The2nd Pandyan Civil War between Veera Pandya and Sundara Pandya along withinvasion of theDelhi Sultanate led GeneralMalik Kafur in the early 1300s further aggravated the misery of Nilakkal.^[27] The city was looted and torched and nothing remained of it. The Nilakkal church was burned and the Syrian Christians of Nilakkal migrated to regions likeKanjirappally,Poonjar,Aruvithura,Ranni,Vadasserikara,Vaipur andErumeli and other parts of presentMeenachil. TheGreat Flood Of 1341 destroyed what was left of Nilakkal, completely wiping out its existence.

• Kadampanad St Thomas Syrian Orthodox Cathedral – In the beginning of the fourth century, a group of Syrian Christians from Chayal (Nilackal) near Ranni migrated toKadampanad. They consecrated a church at Kadampanad in accordance with Syrian tradition and rituals in 325 AD, in the name of Mar Thoma Sleeha (Thomas the Apostle). The descendants of those who settled in Kadampanad later migrated toMavelikkara,Kayamkulam,Kollakadavu,Adoor,Kozhenchery,Kaippattoor,Sooranadu,Kallada andKoodal.

• Adoor Kannamcode St Thomas Orthodox Syrian Cathedral – The earliest Syrian Christian settlement near Kannamcode inAdoor was at the beginning of 4th century, during the establishment of Kadampanad Church. The Kannamcode Syrian Church was established by the parishioners ofKadampanad Syrian Church in the 4th century.

• Thumpamon St Mary's Orthodox Syrian Valiyapally – The first church inThumpamon was built in 717 AD by the Syrian Christians who migrated fromNilakkal and the Syrian Christians of Thumbamon who separated from theNiranam Church in the land donated by the Pandalam Kingdom.
• Vaipur St Mary's Syro-Malabar Church – The Vaipur Church was established in 1212 by the Syrian Christians of Vaipur who formerly attended the Niranam Church for worship. Later many Syrian Christians migrated to Vaipur in the 14th century fromNilakkal.

• Kallooppara St Mary's Syrian Orthodox Church – TheKallooppara Syrian Church was established in 1339 by the Aaruveedan families and theEdappally Swaroopam ofThekkumkur for the Syrian Christians of Kallooppara who attended the Niranam St Mary's Syrian Church.

• Maramon Mar Thoma Syrian Church – The Maramon Mar Thoma Church was established in 1440 by the Malieakal, Ramacham and Kulathackal Syrian Christian families who formerly worshiped in theNiranam Syrian Church.
• Omallur St Thomas Orthodox Syrian Valiyapally –Omallur Valiyapally was established in 1573 by the Koyikkal Thampuran andPandalam dynasty for the Syrian Christians of Omallur who were parishioners of theThumpamon Syrian Church.

• Kozhenchery St Thomas Mar Thoma Syrian Church – Certain ancient Christian families who resided on the banks of river Pampa have recorded their origins and this evidence indicates that the early Christian settlers around Kozhencherry worshiped in the churches atMaramon andChengannur. According to these records, the earliest church at Kozhencherry was constructed in 1599, according to the Malayalam Era (M.E. 775).

• Thevalakkara Martha Mariam Orthodox Syrian Church –Thomas the Apostle established a church inKollam in 54 AD. The church was lost to sea erosion in the 4th century. It was rebuilt in the 4th century in Thevelakkara, near Kollam. LaterMar Abo and Mar Aphroth fromNineveh inIraq travelled to Kollam and rebuilt the church again at Thevelakkara for the Syrian Christian community in 825. Thevalakkara had also received the Tharissaykal, Syrian Christians ofThiruvithamcode who had migrated to Kerala. According to tradition manyTamil Brahmins,Vellalars andChettiars were converted by St Thomas the apostle in the Coromandel coast near Mylapore, these converts from the Coromandel coast later flocked towards the Syrian Christian strongholds in Kerala like Nilakkal(Chayal) and Kollam.

• Kollam Kadeesha Orthodox Syrian Church – The Kollam Kadeesha Syrian Church also known as Tharisappally/Tharisappalli Church was established in 823 AD by the Persian Saints Mar Sapor and Mar Aphroth. TheTharisappally Quilon Syrian Copper Plates were issued for this church. Many Syrian Christians fromThiruvithamcode, known as Tharissaykal had migrated toKollam. The St Thomas converts from mylapore in the coromandel coast also migrated to Syrian Christian strongholds in Kerala like Kollam and Nilakkal.

• St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church, Kallada – The Kallada Church was established in the 9th century by Persian tradersMar Sabor and Mar Proth for the Syrian Christians of Kallada who attended the Thevalakkara Syrian Church. Later in the 12th century many Syrian Christians migrated to Kallada fromKollam andKadampanad. The tomb ofMar Anthrayos Bava (Kallada Valyappooppan) who arrived in 1678 is in the Kallada Syrian Church. The first Church in Kallada was destroyed by internecine feud between the Karthas of east Kallada and west Kallada and a matriarch of Thulassery Manapurathu Syrian family recovered the cross of the destroyed Church from the river and prevailed on Avani Rajni (Queen of west Kallada) to allot some land for building a new Church. She was won over by handsome gifts of precious stones by the members of Thulassery Manapurathu Tharavad. The Kallada St Mary's ValiyaPalli also known as Thulassery Manapurathu Marthamariyam Church was established by the descendants of the West Asian migration to Kollam in 9th century AD.

• Kundara St Thomas Orthodox Syrian Valiyapally – The St. Thomas Valiyapally in Kundara was established in 835 AD by Mar Sabor and Mar Aphroth and the Eliyedath Rajah ofKottarakkara for the Syrian Christians of Kundara who formerly attended the Kollam Kadeesha Syrian Church and the Thevalakkara church.
• Kottarakkara Marthoma Syrian Church – The Kottarakara Old Syrian Church was built in the 13th century by the ruler of theElayedath Swaroopam, (a branch of the Venad Kingdom) for theNasranis of Kottarakara who had to rely on theKundara Syrian Church and for the Nasrani merchants who were invited to Kottarakara fromThekkumkur by the Elayedath Rajah.^[28]

• Karukaparambil, George (2005).Marganitha Kynanaitha: Knanaya Pearl. Deepika Book House.
• Menon, A. Sreedhara (1962).Kerala District Gazetteers: Trichur, Kerala, Volume 7. Superintendent of Govt. Presses.
• Malekandathil, Pius (2020)."Angamali and the St. Thomas Christians: An Historical Overview".NSC Network. Retrieved14 July 2020.
• Whitehouse, Richard (1873).Lingerings of Light in a Dark Land: Being Researches Into the Past History and Present Condition of the Syrian Church of Malabar. Kessinger Publishing.ISBN 116492317X.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

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