_01.jpg) 1st/2nd century AD Roman statue of Dionysus from Synnada | |
  Shown within Turkey | |
| Coordinates | 38°32′N30°33′E / 38.533°N 30.550°E /38.533; 30.550 |
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Synnada (Greek:Σύνναδα) was an ancient town ofPhrygia Salutaris inAsia Minor. Its site is now occupied by the modernTurkish town ofŞuhut, inAfyonkarahisar Province.[1]
Synnada was situated in the south-eastern part of easternPhrygia, orParorea, thus named because it extended to the foot of the mountains ofPisidia, at the extremity of a plain about 60 stadia in length, and covered with opium plantations.
Synnada is said to have been founded byAcamas who went to Phrygia after theTrojan War and took someMacedonian colonists.
It enters written history when theRomanconsulGnaeus Manlius Vulso passed through that city on his expeditions against theGalatians (189 BCE).[2] It was assigned to the kingdom of theAttalids and when that kingdom passed to Rome in 133 BC, it became part of the province of Asia, except on two occasions during the last century of theRoman Republic when it was temporarily attached toCilicia. InStrabo's time it was still a small town,[3] but whenPliny wrote it was an important place, being theconventus juridicus for the whole of the surrounding country.[4]Cicero mentions that he passed through Synnada on his way fromEphesus toCilicia.[5] The city was celebrated throughout the Roman Empire on account of the trade in a beautiful kind ofmarble, which came from nearby quarries and was commonly called Synnadic marble, though it came properly from a place in the neighborhood,Docimia, whence it was more correctly calledDocimites lapis. This marble was of a light color, interspersed with purple spots and veins.[6] On its coins, which disappear after the reign ofGallienus, its inhabitants call themselvesDorians andIonians. UnderDiocletian at the time of the creation ofPhrygia Pacatiana, Synnada, at the intersection of two great roads, became themetropolis (capital). UnderOttoman rule it became the city of Schifout Kassaba in thevilayet of Bursa.
Christianity was introduced at an early date into Synnada. TheMartyrologium Hieronymianum mentions the martyrsTrophimus and Dorymedon.[7] Areliquary of Tromphimus in the form of asarcophagus with his bones was discovered here and transported to theBursa museum; it may date to the 3rd century.[8]Eusebius of Caesarea speaks of its pious bishop Atticus who entrusted to the layman Theodore the duty of instructing the Christians.[9]
About 230-235 a council on the rebaptizing of heretics was held there.[10]St. Agapitus, mentioned in theRoman Martyrology on 24 March as Bishop of Synnada, belonged toSynaus.
For a list of other bishops seeLe Quien,Oriens christianus, I, 827. Mention must be made of:
The last Bishop of Synnada spoken of in the documents, without mentioning his name, probably lived underJohn Cantacuzenus (see "Cantacuz. Hist.", III, 73) and probably never lived at Synnada on account of the Turkish conquest.
St. Constantine, a convertedJew of Synnada, lived in the 10th century; he became amonk, and is honoured by the Greek Church 26 December.
In 1385 the see was committed for the Greek Church to theMetropolitan of Philadelphia. The metropolitan see of Synnada continues to be included in the list oftitular sees recognized by theRoman Catholic Church. In 1963, it was assigned toMarcel-François Lefebvre, who later became atraditionalist Catholic founding the Society of St. Pius X to preserve the Latin Mass. Since theSecond Vatican Council no new appointments have been made to this eastern titular see.[11]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Synnada".Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Synnada".Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.Authority control databases: Geographic |
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