| Syed Ibrahim Malik Baya | |
|---|---|
 Mausoleum of Malik Ibrahim Bayu inBihar Sharif | |
| Born | Ghazni, Afghanistan |
| Died | 20 January 1353 CE (13th Dul Hajj 753 AH) Rohtasgarh, Rohtas District, Bihar |
| Clan | Malik |
| Occupation | Military general, Governor, Sufi Saint |
Syed Ibrahim Malik Bayaalso known asMalikIbrahimBayu was aSufi saint ofSuhrawardiyya order and a warrior who arrived in South Bihar, India, in the 14th century and defeated the tribal Kol chiefdoms, who had been oppressing the local Muslims. He was a contemporary ofSharfuddin Yahya Maneri andMuzaffar Shams Balkhi.[1]
Syed Ibrahim Mallick Baya (d. 1353 CE), a prominent 14th-century Sufi saint and governor of Bihar under theTughlaq dynasty, is recognized as aSayyid, descending from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) throughAli ibn Abi Talib,Fatima al-Zahra, and their sonsHasan andHusayn. Historical sources confirm that Syed Ibrahim was a seventh-generation descendant of Syed Abdul Qadir Gilani (d. 1166 CE), a renowned Sayyid and founder of the Qadiriyya Sufi order, whose lineage traces back to the Prophet Muhammad via both Hasan (paternally) and Husayn (maternally). According to Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar by Dr. Muhammad Hifz-ur-Rahman (2021) and The Sultan of the Saints by Muhammad Riyaz Qadiri (2000), Gilani’s father, Abu Salih Musa, descended from Hasan ibn Ali, while his mother, Umm al-Khair Fatima, descended from Husayn ibn Ali through Imam Zayn al-Abidin, linking directly to Ali and Fatima.[2][3] This dual lineage establishes Syed Ibrahim as a “najeeb-ut-tarafain” Sayyid, a status widely accepted among the Mallick Baya community in Bihar, as corroborated by Sharfa Ki Nagari by Syed Qayamuddin Nizami (1995), which details his role as a Sayyid leader in Bihar Sharif.[4]
He defeated Raja Birthal in a war.[5] Malik Ibrahim Baya's tomb is protected underArchaeological Survey of India and is a tourism spot inBihar Sharif Nalanda.[6]
Syed Ibrahim Mallick Baya (d. 1353 CE), a 14th-century Sufi saint, warrior, and governor of Bihar under the Tughlaq dynasty, is recognized as a Sayyid, descending from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through Ali ibn Abi Talib, Fatima al-Zahra, and their sons Hasan and Husayn. His lineage traces to Syed Abdul Qadir Gilani (d. 1166 CE), a seventh-generation descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, whose paternal line descends from Hasan ibn Ali and maternal line from Husayn ibn Ali via Zayn al-Abidin. This dual descent, known as "najeeb-ut-tarafain" (noble on both sides), is documented in Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar by Dr. Muhammad Hifz-ur-Rahman (2021, ISBN 978-81-939320-4-9) and The Sultan of the Saints by Muhammad Riyaz Qadiri (2000, ISBN 969-851016-8).[7][8] The Mallick Baya community, concentrated in Bihar Sharif, Nalanda, Patna, and other Bihar districts, inherits this Sayyid status, as affirmed by the Bihar Minority Commission report cited in Wikipedia’s “Malik clan (Bihar)” article, which identifies them as a “small Sayyid Muslim community” with Ashraf (high-status) standing.[9] The veneration of Syed Ibrahim’s tomb at Peer Pahadi, a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India, further underscores his prophetic lineage, as such reverence is typically reserved for Sayyids.[10]Syed Ibrahim’s descent is further detailed in Sharfa Ki Nagari by Syed Qayamuddin Nizami (1995, ISBN 978-81-86012-07-8), which traces his ancestry through Abdul Qadir Gilani to the Prophet Muhammad via Ali and Fatima, with specific connections to Hasan (paternally) and Husayn (maternally through Zayn al-Abidin).[11] Community records, such as carelick.org and Reyazul Nayeem by Muhammad Nayeem, corroborate this lineage, noting that Syed Ibrahim, born in Ghazni, carried the Sayyid title due to his direct descent from the Prophet’s family.[12] The absence of significant disputes in academic or regional sources, combined with the community’s historical prominence as zamindars and their production of figures like Mohammad Younus (Bihar’s first Chief Minister, 1937), reinforces their Sayyid status.[13]
Malik Baya belonged toSuhrawardiyya order. He came to India during the reign of the sultanMuhammad bin Tughlaq and became commander-in-chief in 1324.[citation needed]
When Malik Baya told Muhammad bin Tughlaq of his first victory over Bihar, the sultan replied:malik biya benasheen (lit. O chief come and sit down).[14]
The sultan sent his general, Syed Ibrahim Malik, to punish Raja Bithal. After a fierce battle, the Raja was killed and his army was defeated. After this conquest of Bihar the sultan have Malik Baya the title of "Madarul Mulk" means Malik or Saif-o-Daulat (Administrator or King of Sword and Wealth).[15]
Malik Baya was also Governor ofBihar and general from 1351 to 1353, during the reign of SultanFiroz Shah Tughlaq.[citation needed]
Malik Baya died on Sunday, 13th Dul Hajj 753 AH (20 January 1353 AD). He was buried on Peer Pahadi,Bihar Sharif.[1][16][17]
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