| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 155,120 (by ancestry,2016 Census)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Quebec City,Montreal,Ottawa,Toronto,Edmonton,Saskatoon,Calgary,Vancouver,Winnipeg | |
| Languages | |
| English · French · German · Italian | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity (Catholicism,Anabaptism (Amish,Mennonite,Hutterite)) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| German Canadians · French Canadians · Italian Canadians |
Swiss Canadians areCanadian citizens of Swiss ancestry or people who emigrated fromSwitzerland and reside in Canada. According to the2016 Census there were 155,120 Canadians[2] who claimed Swiss ancestry, having an increase compared to those 146,830 in the 2011 Census.[3]
One of the earliest settlers in Canada was Pierre Miville (d. 1669).[4] Laurenz Ermatinger (1736 to 1789), a fur trader and merchant, arrived in Montreal from Switzerland and together with his son Charles Oakes (1776 to 1833), and Sebastian Freyvogel have explored the large Huron tract.[5] Many Swiss arrived in North America as part of theSwiss mercenaries, some of which later settled in Canada. One of these soldiers wasFrederick Haldimand, who served in theBritish Army inNorth America during theSeven Years' War and theAmerican Revolutionary War. From 1778 to 1786, he served as Governor of theProvince of Quebec.[6]
Another group of Swiss emigrants wereMennonites who originally settled in Pennsylvania and were descendants of Swiss Anabaptists. In 1786, a group of these Mennonites (led by John, Thielman and Steffen Kolb as well as Franklin Albrecht and Frederich Hahn) settled in the Niagara Region, close to the Twenty Mile Creek.[6][7] Another colony was founded by David Hoover on the north shore of Lake Erie in 1792.[6]Abraham Erb who foundedWaterloo, was a Mennonite of Swiss ancestry from Pennsylvania.[6] Similarly,Benjamin Eby immigrated toUpper Canada in 1806 and purchased a large tract of land in what would later becomeKitchener, Ontario.[6]
By 1871 about 3,000 Swiss had settled in Canada and in the time between 1887 and 1938, a reported additional 8,548 Swiss had moved to Canada.[4] With the passing of theFree Grants and Homestead Act in 1868, large areas of land became available for settlement. In 1973, a group of Swiss immigrants arrived in the Nipissing region, led by Elise von Koerber.[6]Peter Rindisbacher was a Swiss artist who specialized in painting the Western USA and Canada until his death in 1834.
UntilWWII, most Swiss immigrants were farmers who settled in Canada.[8] This changed afterWWII, when several Swiss firms opened offices in Canada, leading to immigration of educated Swiss personnel including engineers, professors and merchants.[4][8] When farmland became unaffordable in Switzerland in the 1970s, a number of Swiss farmers bought farmland in Canada and settled there.[4] In the 1990s, rising unemployment in Switzerland led to another wave of emigration.[4]
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According to the 2011 National Household Survey,[9] the cities with the most people claiming Swiss ethnic origin are as follow: | According to the 2011 National Household Survey,[9] the provinces and territories with the most people claiming Swiss ethnic origin are as follow:
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