Susquehannock
Conestoga
Native to	United States
Region	New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia (Northeastern United States)
Ethnicity	Susquehannock
Era	attested 1640s
Language family	Iroquoian Northern Lake Iroquoian Five Nations Susquehannock
Language codes
ISO 639-3	sqn
Linguist List	sqn
Glottolog	susq1241
Present Day Majority Distribution of the Conestoga Language (Susquehannock)

Susquehannock, also known asConestoga, is an extinctIroquoian language spoken by theNative American people variously known as theSusquehannock or Conestoga.

Information about Susquehannock is scant. Almost all known words and phrases come from theVocabula Mahakuassica, a vocabulary written by the Swedish missionaryJohannes Campanius inNew Sweden during the 1640s and published by his grandson Thomas Campanius Holm in two separate works in 1696^[1] and 1702.^[2]Peter Stephen Du Ponceau translated the 1702 work from Swedish to English in 1834.^[3][4]

Campanius's vocabulary contains just over 100 words and phrases.^[4] LinguistMarianne Mithun believes this limited data is sufficient to classify Susquehannock as a Northern Iroquoian language, closely related to the languages of theHaudenosaunee Confederacy.^[5] Examples of Susquehannock-language place names includeConestoga,Juniata, andSwatara.

Place names in the Conestoga homeland are documented as of Conestoga origin. After 1763, some Conestoga remnant peoples joined nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, and the Conestoga language survived for a time.Indian Villages and Place Names in Pennsylvania with Numerous Historical Notes and References (1928), a book by Dr. George P. Donehoo identifies place names derived from the Conestoga language.

• "Conestoga Language Living Dictionary". Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages. 2021. Archived fromthe original on 2021-12-23.
• Donehoo, George P. (2014).Indian Villages and Place Names in Pennsylvania: with Numerous Historical Notes and References. Sunbury Press.ISBN 978-1-62006-522-8.
• Holm, Thomas Campanius (2007). Salvucci, Claudio R. (ed.).A Vocabulary of Susquehannock. American Language Reprints. Vol. 2. Translated by Duponceau, Peter Stephen (2nd ed.). Evolution Publishing.ISBN 978-1-889758-85-5.
• Mithun, Marianne (January 1981). "Stalking the Susquehannocks".International Journal of American Linguistics.47 (1):1–26.doi:10.1086/465671.JSTOR 1264630.S2CID 144556910.

• Native-languages.org
• Conestoga Language Living Dictionary, hosted on the Living Dictionaries platform:[1]

This article related to theIndigenous languages of the Americas is astub. You can help Wikipedia byadding missing information.

• v
• t
• e

• Northern Iroquoian languages
• Indigenous languages of the North American eastern woodlands
• Extinct languages of North America
• Native American history of Maryland
• Native American history of Pennsylvania
• Susquehannock
• Languages extinct in the 18th century
• Indigenous languages of Pennsylvania
• Indigenous languages of Maryland
• Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Language articles with Linglist code
• Language articles with unreferenced extinction date
• All stub articles