Surtout was a kind of overcoat. A "surtout" was a 17th-century term used to describe a coat worn over another coat, like a waistcoat. Surtout was a new name for it; prior to 1684, it was known as "Suravit" on account of Surhabit (overcoat).[1]
Surtout is also a French term that translates as "above all."[2]
Newmarket was a frock-styled overcoat. Newmarket Surtout was called afterthe city known for its horse races. The coat was worn while riding. It was styled with long skirted, double breasted andredingote cloak. The coat's collar was made of velvet.[3]
New York surtout was a fashionable version for men. It was a short overcoat that had a wide collar that extends to the waistline and is hemmed with a wide black silk braid.[3]
Charles Dickens refers to the characterMr. Micawber, who is wearing a surtout with black tights.[4]Dickens also mentioned a surtout worn by a “sharp nosed, light haired man in a brown surtout reaching nearly to his heels” in “The Parlour Orator” from “Sketches by Boz”.
Herman Melville establishes a mysterious setting through repeated reference to clothing in his novella, "Benito Cereno." For example, Melville writes, "The sky seemed a gray surtout" to suggest that nature is wearing a disguise.[5]
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