| Super Mario 64 | |
|---|---|
 North American cover art | |
| Developer | Nintendo EAD |
| Publisher | Nintendo |
| Director | Shigeru Miyamoto[7] |
| Producer | Shigeru Miyamoto[7] |
| Designers |
|
| Programmers |
|
| Artists |
|
| Writer | Leslie Swan[7] |
| Composer | Koji Kondo[7] |
| Series | Super Mario |
| Platforms | |
| Release | Nintendo 64iQue Player
|
| Genres | Platform,action-adventure |
| Mode | Single-player |
Super Mario 64[a] is a 1996platform game developed and published byNintendo for theNintendo 64. It is the firstSuper Mario game to feature3D gameplay, combining traditionalSuper Mario gameplay, visual style, and characters in a largeopen world. In the game,Bowser invadesPrincess Peach's castle, kidnaps her, and hides the castle's sources of protection, the Power Stars, in many different worlds inside magical paintings. AsMario, the player traverses levels and collects Power Stars to unlock areas of Princess Peach's castle, to reach Bowser and rescue Princess Peach.
DirectorShigeru Miyamoto conceived a 3DSuper Mario game during the production ofStar Fox (1993). Development lasted nearly three years: about one year on design and twenty months on production, starting with designing thevirtual camera system. The team continued with illustrating the 3D character models—at the time, a relatively unattempted task—and refiningsprite movements. Yoji Inagaki recorded the sound effects, and the score was composed byKoji Kondo.
Super Mario 64 was highly anticipated by video game journalists and audiences, boosted by advertising campaigns and showings at the 1996 E3 trade show. It was eventually released in Japan and North America in 1996 andPAL regions in 1997. The game received critical acclaim, with reviewers praising its ambition, visuals, level design, and gameplay; however, some critics criticized its virtual camera system. It is thebest-selling Nintendo 64 game, with nearly twelve million copies sold by 2015.
Super Mario 64 has been consideredone of the greatest and most influential video games of all time. Numerous developers have cited it as an influence on3D platform games, with its dynamic camera system and 360-degreeanalog control establishing a new archetype for the genre, much asSuper Mario Bros. did forside-scrolling platform games. Its influence can be seen in later 3D platformers such asSpyro the Dragon, andBanjo-Kazooie.[10] It was remade asSuper Mario 64 DS for theNintendo DS in 2004, and has beenported to otherNintendo consoles since. The game has attracted acult following, spawning manyfangames andmods, a largespeedrunning presence, and enduring rumors surrounding game features.
Super Mario 64 has been described as a3D platformer andaction-adventure game in which the player controls the titular characterMario through various courses. Mario's abilities are far more diverse than in previous games.[11][12][13][14] He can walk, run, jump, crouch, crawl, climb, swim, kick, grab objects, and punch using thegame controller'sanalog stick and buttons. He can execute special jumps by combining a regular jump with other actions, including the double and triple jumps,long jump,backflip, andwall jump. The player can adjust the camera—operated by aLakitu broadcasting Mario—and toggle betweenfirst-person and third-person view.[15]
Unlike many of its predecessors,Super Mario 64 uses ahealth point system, represented by a pie shape consisting of eight segments.[16] If Mario has taken damage, he can replenish his health either by collecting three types of coins—yellow, which replenishes one segment; red, equal to two yellow coins and which replenishes two segments; and blue, equal to five yellow coins and which replenishes five segments, by walking through a spinning heart or by jumping into water.[17] Underwater, Mario's health instead represents how long he can hold his breath, slowly diminishing while underwater and replenishing when he surfaces.[18] Finishing a course grants Mario an extralife for every 50 yellow coins the player collected,[16] andextra life mushrooms are hidden in various places such as trees and poles—they may either chase Mario through the air or fall to the ground, avoiding Mario and disappear shortly if not collected.[19]
In absence of thepower-ups normally found in previous games, such as theSuper Mushroom andFire Flower, three colors of translucent blocks—red, green, and blue—appear throughout many stages. Three switches of the same colors, found in three secret areas located in either stages or the castle itself,[20][21][22] turn their corresponding blocks solid and permanently allow Mario to obtain three types of special cap power-ups throughout all of the stages. The Wing Cap allows Mario to fly after doing a triple jump or being shot from acannon;[23] the Metal Cap makes him immune to enemies, fire, noxious gases, allows him to withstand wind and water currents, perform on-land moves underwater, and have unlimited air capacity underwater; and the Vanish Cap renders him partially immaterial and invulnerable, and allows him to walk through some obstacles.[18][24] Another implicit powerup is the shell remains after stomping aKoopa Troopa, which Mario can use to run over enemies, and surf on water, lava, and quicksand.[25]
Thehub world takes place in Princess Peach's Castle, which consists of three floors consisting of the castle's lobby, the main tower, and a basement, plus a moat and a courtyard outside the castle.[26] The player's main objective is to look for paintings that, when jumped into, bring them into courses containing Power Stars, which upon their collection unlock more of the castle hub world.[27] Each of the fifteen courses has seven Power Stars (six from named missions and one gained by collecting 100 coins in the level), and an additional fifteen are hidden as secrets and as bonuses, for a total of 120 Power Stars in the game.[28]
The courses are filled with enemies as well as friendly creatures that provide assistance or ask favors, such asBob-omb Buddies, who will allow Mario to access cannons on request.[29] Some Power Stars only appear after completing certain tasks, often hinted at by the name of the course. These challenges include collecting one hundred yellow coins or eight red coins on a stage, defeating aboss, racing an opponent, and solving puzzles.[30] The final level of the game is blocked by "endless stairs" similar to thePenrose stairs concept, but Mario can bypass them by collecting seventy Power Stars.[31] The music in the endless stairs before collecting seventy Power Stars resembles aShepard scale. There are many hidden mini-courses and other secrets within the castle, which may contain extra Power Stars required for the full completion of the game.[32] If the player returns to the game after collecting all 120 Power Stars,Yoshi can be found on the roof of Princess Peach's Castle, who will give the player a message from the developers, accompanied by one hundred extra lives and an improved triple jump.[28][33]
Princess Peach uses a letter to invite Mario to come to her castle for a cake she has baked for him.[34] When he arrives, Mario discovers thatBowser has invaded the castle and imprisoned the princess and her servants within its walls using the power of the castle's 120 Power Stars. The Power Stars are hidden in the castle's paintings, which serve as portals to other worlds where Bowser's minions keep watch over the Stars. Mario explores the castle and enters these worlds, gaining access to more rooms as he recovers more Stars.[35] Mario unlocks three doors to different floors of the castle with keys obtained by defeating Bowser in hidden worlds.[36] After getting at least 70 of the 120 Stars, Mario breaks the curse of the endless stairs that block the entrance to Bowser's final hiding place.[31] After Mario defeats Bowser in the final battle, and Bowser escapes, swearing revenge, he obtains a special Power Star which gives him the Wing Cap, and he flies back to the castle's courtyard. Peach is released from thestained-glass window above the castle's entrance, and she rewards Mario by kissing him on the nose and baking the cake that she had promised him.[37]
Once Mario earns all 120 stars, he is able to access the roof of the castle via a cannon on the castle grounds, where Yoshi awaits him. Yoshi congratulates Mario on securing all 120 stars and grants him 100extra lives in order to continue playing the game.[38]
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In the early 1990s,Super Mario creatorShigeru Miyamoto conceived a 3DMario design while developing the gameStar Fox (1993) for theSuper Nintendo Entertainment System.Star Fox used theSuper FX graphics chip, which added more processing power; Miyamoto considered using the chip to develop a Super NES game,Super Mario FX, with gameplay based on "an entire world in miniature, like miniature trains".[39] According to engineer Dylan Cuthbert, who worked onStar Fox,Super Mario FX was not a game but the codename of the Super FX chip.[40] Miyamoto reformulated the idea for the Nintendo 64, not for its greater power but because its controller has more buttons for gameplay.[41] At the January 1993Consumer Electronics Show (CES), whereStar Fox made its debut, Nintendo's booth demonstrated a talking 3D polygon animation of Mario's head;[42] this later inspired the creation of the interactive Mario face in the game's title screen, which was programmed byGiles Goddard.[43]
Production ofSuper Mario 64 began on September 7, 1994, at Nintendo'sEntertainment Analysis & Development division, and concluded on May 20, 1996.[44] According to Miyamoto, the development team consisted of around fifteen to twenty people.[45] Development began with the characters and thecamera system; months were spent selecting a view and layout.[43] The original concept involved the fixed path of an isometric game such asSuper Mario RPG, which moved to a free-roaming 3D design,[43] with some linear paths, particularly to coerce the player into Bowser's lair, according to Giles Goddard.[43]
"There [were] no jumping actions in 3-D we could reference at the time, so we shared in the enjoyment of going through all the trial and error with Mr. Miyamoto and other team members. It was arguably tough work, but that feeling was overtaken by the joy of innovating in a new field."
Super Mario 64 is one of the first games for which Nintendo produced its illustrations internally instead of byoutsourcing.[47] The graphics were made usingN-World, aSilicon Graphics (SGI)-based toolkit.[48] The development team prioritized Mario's movement and, before levels were created, tested and refined Mario's animations on a simple grid.[43] The 3D illustrations were created byShigefumi Hino,Hisashi Nogami, Hideki Fujii, Tomoaki Kuroume, and Yusuke Nakano, and the game was animated by co-directorYoshiaki Koizumi and Satoru Takiwaza.[7]Yōichi Kotabe, illustrator and character designer for theMario series, made a 3D drawing of Mario from various angles and directed the creation of the character models.[9] In an interview withThe Washington Post, Yoshiaki Koizumi recalled that his challenge was animating the 3D models without any precedents.[46] To assist players withdepth perception, the team positioned a faux shadow directly beneath each object regardless of the area's lighting. Yoshiaki Koizumi described the feature as an "iron-clad necessity" which "might not be realistic, but it's much easier to play".[49]
Miyamoto's guiding design philosophy was to include more details than earlier games by using the Nintendo 64's power to feature "all the emotions of the characters". He likened the game's style to a 3D interactive cartoon.[50] Mario was made highly expressive to "create the feeling of controlling something that's really alive", which Miyamoto was inspired to do after letting his pet hamster loose in his room.[51] Some details were inspired by the developers' personal lives; for example, theBoos are based on assistant directorTakashi Tezuka's wife, who, as Miyamoto explained, "is very quiet normally, but one day she exploded, maddened by all the time Tezuka spent at work".[39]
Super Mario 64 was first run on anSGI Onyx emulator, which only emulated the console'sapplication programming interface and not its hardware.[43] The first test scenario for controls and physics involved Mario interacting with a golden rabbit, named "MIPS" after the Nintendo 64'sMIPS architecture processors; the rabbit was included in the final game as a Power Star holder.[52]Super Mario 64 features more puzzles than earlierMario games. It was developed simultaneously withThe Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time but, asOcarina of Time was released more than two years later, some puzzles were taken forSuper Mario 64.[53] The developers tried to include amultiplayer cooperative mode, whereby players would control Mario and his brotherLuigi insplit-screen. Nevertheless, hardware constraints and the developers' inability to implement the mode satisfactorily led to its removal.[54][55]
The music was composed by veteran composerKoji Kondo, who created new interpretations of the familiar melodies from earlier media as well as new material.[56][57] Yoji Inagaki was responsible for the sound design, tasked with producing hundreds of sound effects. He and Kondo felt that music and sound effects were equally important.[57] According to Inagaki, the average Nintendo 64 game had about 500 sound effects, and made comparisons toOcarina of Time, with 1,200, andThe Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask, with 2,000.[57]
Super Mario 64 is one of the first games to featureCharles Martinet as the voice of Mario, and Leslie Swan—then senior editor ofNintendo Power and Englishlocalizer forSuper Mario 64—as the voice of Princess Peach.[53][58]
Super Mario 64 was first shown as a playable prototype in November 1995 at Nintendo Space World. This version was only fifty percent complete, and only about two percent oftexture mapping was finished.[39][59][60] It featured thirty-two courses. Miyamoto had hoped to create more, possibly up to forty,[39] but was ultimately reduced to fifteen.[32] According to Nintendo of America chairmanHoward Lincoln, Miyamoto's desire to add more was a major factor in the decision to delay the Nintendo 64 release from Christmas 1995 to Summer 1996.[61] Nintendo presidentHiroshi Yamauchi later said: "Game creators can finish games quickly if they compromise. But users have sharp eyes. They soon know if the games are compromised. [Miyamoto] asked for two more months and I gave them to him unconditionally".[62] The game was later shown atE3 1996 with multiple Nintendo 64s set up for people to play.[63] According to Giles Goddard, the stress of the project caused some programmers to quit or move to different departments.[8]
Peter Main, Nintendo's vice president of marketing at the time, statedSuper Mario 64 was meant as thekiller app for the Nintendo 64. TheUS$20 million[i] marketing campaign included videotapes sent to more than five hundred thousandNintendo Power subscribers and advertisements shown onMTV,Fox, andNickelodeon.[64][65]
Super Mario 64 was officially released in Japan in June 1996,[2] North America in September,[1] and in Europe and Australia in March 1997.[3][4] During its first week of sale, it sold around 200,000 copies.[66] During its first three months of sale in North America, it sold more than two million copies and grossed $140 million[ii] in the United States,[51] becoming the best-sellingvideo game of 1996.[67] It was also the best-selling game overall from 1995 to 2002. During the first three months of 1997, it was the second-best-sellingconsole game at 523,000 units.[68] By early 2001, it had sold 5.5 million units,[69] and 5.9 million by September 2002.[70]
At the 1999 Milia festival inCannes,Super Mario 64 won a Gold ECCSELL prize for earning revenues above€21 million[iii] in theEuropean Union in 1998.[71] It had become the second most popular game onWii'sVirtual Console by June 2007, behindSuper Mario Bros.[72] By March 2008,Super Mario 64 sold 11.8 million copies worldwide, being the best-selling Nintendo 64 game.[73] By 2015,Super Mario 64 was the 12th most soldMario game, with 11.91 million copies sold.[74]
Anenhanced remake,Super Mario 64 DS, was released for theNintendo DS in 2004. As with the original, the plot centers on collecting Power Stars and rescuing Princess Peach from Bowser. In contrast with the original, Yoshi is the starting character, with Mario, Luigi, andWario as unlockable characters.[75] It features improved graphics, slightly altered courses, new areas, powerups, and enemies, more Power Stars to collect,touchscreen mini-games, and a multiplayer mode.[76] Reviews were mostly positive, with critics praising the graphics and add-ons to the original game but criticizing the controls and multiplayer mode.[77][78] By September 2021, 11.06 million copies had been sold worldwide.[79]
A version ofSuper Mario 64 was used as atech demo for theNintendo 64 Disk Drive (64DD) floppy drive at the 1996 Nintendo Space World trade show.[80] LikeWave Race 64,Super Mario 64 was re-released in Japan onJuly 18, 1997 asSuper Mario 64 Rumble Pak Version[b] which fixed various bugs, added support for theRumble Pak peripheral, included the voice acting from the English version, among other changes.[81][82][83][84]
In November 2003, it wasported to China'siQue Player as a limited-release demo.[5][6] In late 2006, it was released on the Wii Virtual Console service[85] which added enhanced resolution and compatibility with theGameCube andSuper Famicom Classic controllers.[86] In September 2020,Super Mario 64 was one of the threeSuper Mario games to be included in theSuper Mario 3D All-Stars collection onNintendo Switch.[87] This version was based on theRumble Pak iteration,[88] and updated the game's presentation to display at 720p resolution in both the Switch's docked and handheld configurations, in addition to using upscaled user interface assets and textures. It also features a new control scheme that accommodates the wider button array of the Nintendo SwitchJoy-Con andPro Controller, and was later patched to add compatibility for the Nintendo 64 controller used with theNintendo Classics service.[89] It made another Nintendo Switch appearance in October 2021 as part of the Nintendo 64 lineup for the Nintendo Classics service.[90]
| Aggregator | Score |
|---|---|
| GameRankings | 96%[91] |
| Metacritic | 94/100[92] |
| Publication | Score |
|---|---|
| AllGame | 5/5[93] |
| Computer and Video Games | 5/5[94] |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | 9.5/10, 9.5/10, 9.5/10, 9.5/10[11] |
| EP Daily | 10/10[95] |
| Famitsu | 10/10, 10/10, 10/10, 9/10[96][97] |
| Game Informer | 9.75/10 (1996),[98] 9/10 (2007)[99] |
| GameFan | 100/100, 100/100, 100/100, 100/100[100] |
| GamePro | 5/5[12] |
| GameRevolution | B+[101] |
| GameSpot | 9.4/10 (N64),[102] 8/10 (Wii)[86] |
| Hyper | 95%[103] |
| IGN | 9.8/10[32] |
| N64 Magazine | 96%[104] |
| Next Generation | 5/5[105] |
| Nintendo Life | 10/10[106] |
| Official Nintendo Magazine | 95%[107] |
| Total! | 100/100[108] |
| Digitiser | 96%[109] |
| Maximum | 5/5[110] |
Super Mario 64 received enthusiastic pre-release reception.GamePro commented on the 1995 prototype's smoothness, and how the action "was a blast", despite the game being only fifty percent complete at the time.[59] Ed Semrad ofElectronic Gaming Monthly agreed, praising the new 3D animation ofMario characters shown in only 2D before.[60] Larry Marcus, a source analyst forAlex. Brown & Sons, recallsSuper Mario 64 being the most anticipated game of E3 1996, remembering a field of teenagers "jostling for a test run".[111]
Super Mario 64 received critical acclaim, with a score of 94 out of 100 fromreview aggregator websiteMetacritic based on thirteen reviews,[92] and a score of 96% from review aggregatorGameRankings, which ranked it the eighteenth best video game of all time based on twenty-two reviews.[91]
The design, variety of controls and use of 3D gameplay received praise fromvideo game publications.[95][104][112]Maximum found its strongest points were the sense of freedom and its replayability, comparing it toSuper Mario World and citing its similar gimmick of allowing access to new areas upon finding switches.[110] One ofGameFan's four reviewers, E. Storm, cited the water levels as "overjoy[ing]" and showed howSuper Mario 64 delved into an "entirely new realm of gaming".[100]Official Nintendo Magazine called it "beautiful in both looks and design".[107] Doug Perry ofIGN agreed that it transitioned the series to 3D perfectly.[32]Electronic Gaming Monthly discussed the levels in their initial review, praising them for their size and challenge,[11] and later ranked it the fourth best console game of all time, arguing that it had breached the entire genre of 3D gaming while working virtually flawlessly.[113]
Computer and Video Games editor Paul Davies praised the 3D environment, and said that it enhanced the interaction, and described the control scheme as intuitive and versatile.[94]Total! hailed the gameplay as being so imaginative and having such variety that their reviewers were still "hooked" after one month.[108] Writing forAllGame, Jonti Davies commented on the diversity of the gameplay and the abundance of activities found in each course.[93]Nintendo Life's Corbie Dillard agreed, calling the variety the game's "greatest genius".[106] Writing forGameRevolution, Nebojsa Radakovic describedSuper Mario 64 as one of the few "true" 3D platform games.[112]N64 Magazine likened it to an enormous playground which was a pleasure to experiment in, but opined that the exploration element was slightly brought down by how many hints and tips there were.[104] Victor Lucas ofEP Daily agreed, praising the freedom, but suggesting players "skip all the sign posts".[95]
Super Mario 64 also received praise for its graphics.GameSpot praised the graphics for being "clean yet simple" and not detracting from the details of the game world.[102]GamePro particularly praised the combination of unprecedented technical performance and art design, calling it "the most visually impressive game of all time".[12] Paul Davies described the graphics as "so amazing to see, you find yourself stopping to admire [them]".[94] Jonti Davies called the visuals phenomenal, and the frame rate respectable.[93] Doug Perry found the graphics simple but magnificent,[32] a sentiment shared byNext Generation.[105]Hyper reviewer Nino Alegeropoulos called it the best-looking console game to date and opined that its high resolution and frame rate for the time made it look "infinitely better than a cartoon".[103]Total! said that the graphics' lack of pixellation and jagged edges made it look like they were from a "top of the range graphics workstation".[114]
The camera system received mixed reviews.Next Generation found thatSuper Mario 64 was less accessible than previousMario games, frustrated by the camera's occasional erratic movements and lack of optimal angle.[105] Nebojsa Radakovic and Doug Perry added that the camera was sometimes blocked by or went through objects.[32][112]Electronic Gaming Monthly's Dan Hsu, Shawn Smith, and Crispin Boyer all removed half a point from their scores, claiming that the camera sometimes could not move to a wanted angle or rapidly shifted in an undesirable manner,[11] a criticism that returned inElectronic Gaming Monthly's100 Best Games of All Time list.[113]Game Informer stated in their 2007 re-review by present-day standards the camera "would almost be considered broken".[99]Nintendo Power also noted the learning curve of the shifting camera.[115] In contrast, Corbie Dillard claimed that the camera did not have any problems, and that it succeeded at helping the player traverse complex environments.[106] This sentiment was shared byTotal!, claiming that there were very few occasions where the camera was at a suboptimal angle.[116] Paul Davies acknowledged that he was critical of the camera, saying that in some occasions it was difficult to position ideally, but ultimately dismissed it as "one hiccup" of a "revolutionary" game.[94]
Super Mario 64 won numerous awards, including various "Game of the Year" honors by members of the gaming media, and in Nintendo's own best-selling Player's Choice selection. It has been placed high on "the greatest games of all time" lists by many reviewers, includingIGN,[41][117][118]Game Informer,[119]Edge,[120]Official Nintendo Magazine,[121]Electronic Gaming Monthly,[113] andNintendo Power.[122]Electronic Gaming Monthly awarded it a Gold award in its initial review,[123] and it wonElectronic Gaming Monthly's Game of the Year for both editors' pick and readers' pick, and Nintendo 64 Game of the Year, Adventure Game of the Year, and Best Graphics.[124] At the 1997Computer Game Developers Conference, it was givenSpotlight Awards for Best Use of Innovative Technology, Best Console Game, and Best Game of 1996.[125]Maximum gave it a "Maximum Game of the Month Award" before its international release, ranking it the greatest game the magazine had ever reviewed.[110]Digitiser ranked it the bestgame of 1997, aboveFinal Fantasy VII as runner-up.[109]
| Date | Award publication | Category | Result | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | Maximum | Game of the Month (June) | Won | [110] |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | Game of the Month (September) | Won | [11] | |
| Gold Award | Won | [123] | ||
| Nintendo 64 Game of the Year | Won | [124] | ||
| Adventure Game of the Year | Won | |||
| Best Graphics | Won | |||
| Game of the Year | Won | |||
| Game Informer | Won | [119] | ||
| Spotlight Awards | Won | [125] | ||
| Best Use of Innovative Technology | Won | |||
| Best Console Game | Won | |||
| 1997 | Digitiser | Game of the Year | Won | [109] |
| Computer and Video Games | Won | [126] | ||
| Golden Joystick Awards | Won | |||
| Best Looking Game | Won | |||
| Official Nintendo Magazine | Best Nintendo 64 Game | Won | ||
| 1998 | ECCSELL Awards | Gold Award | Won | [71] |
[...] if the gaming press was to be believed,Super Mario 64 was going to be the greatest game ever released anywhere, and it might also cure cancer and feed the world's starving children.
The rule that a console must have a broad spectrum of launch titles to appeal to the North American audience was generally true, but Nintendo found the exception: a single amazing title, with well-implemented 3D gameplay that most console players had never experienced, could bear the weight of the entire system on its shoulders.
Super Mario 64 was key to the early success of and anticipation for the Nintendo 64.[99][113][128] Lee Hutchinson, a formerBabbage's employee, notes how the game was spurred by a feverish video game press, and how the success of the game defied the rule that a wide variety of launch games was necessary for broad appeal.[127] Eventually, the Nintendo 64 lost much of its market share to Sony'sPlayStation, partly due toits cartridge and controller design decisions, which were reportedly implemented by Miyamoto forSuper Mario 64.[129]
In 2012,Super Mario 64 was among the 80 entries in theSmithsonian American Art Museum'sThe Art of Video Games exhibit.[130]
Super Mario 64 set many precedents for 3D platformers as one of the most influential video games.[113][129][131][132] The game is known for itsnonlinear, open freedom, which has been acclaimed byvideo game developers and journalists.1Up.com wrote about its central hub world, which provides a safe tutorial and a level selector, and is now a staple of the 3D platformer genre.[129] As the genre evolved, many of the series's conventions were rethought drastically, placing emphasis on exploration over traditional platform jumping, or "hop and bop" action. Though some disputed its quality, others argued that it established an entirely new genre for the series.[133] Its mission-based level design inspired game designers such asGoldenEye 007 (1997) producer and directorMartin Hollis and the development team ofTony Hawk's Pro Skater.[134][135]Dan Houser, a prominent figure in the development of theGrand Theft Auto series, stated, "Anyone who makes 3D games who says they've not borrowed something fromMario orZelda [of the Nintendo 64] is lying".[136]Tom Hall, co-founder ofid Software, said the game "defined the 3D platformer as a genre", and that "the industry hadn't really figured out 3D platforming yet, and here it was, a masterwork that set the standard".[137]Square Enix has stated that a coincidental meeting withDisney employees resulted in the creation of theKingdom Hearts series, inspired bySuper Mario 64's use of 3D environments and exploration.[138] Michael John, designer and producer onSpyro the Dragon, citedSuper Mario 64's controls and environmental design as influences on the game.[137] Chris Sutherland, who served as the lead designer forBanjo-Kazooie, agreed thatSuper Mario 64 set the benchmark for 3D platformers and claimed that any other game in the genre on the Nintendo 64 would inevitably be compared withSuper Mario 64.[63]Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag director Ashraf Ismail based the game'sopen world design onSuper Mario 64's use of a hub world with pockets of maps full of content.[139]
Super Mario 64 introduced a free-floating camera that can be controlled independently of the character.[131] To increase freedom of exploration and fluid control in a 3D world,Super Mario 64 designers created a dynamic virtualvideo camera that turns and accelerates according to the character's actions.[140] This camera system became the standard for 3D platformers.Nintendo Power praised the game's camera movements along withThe Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time's addition of thelock-on camera and concluded that the two games were trailblazers for the 3D era.[141]PC Magazine's K. Thor Jensen considersSuper Mario 64 to be the first truly realized 3D platformer with the integration of camera control into its core gameplay, which he called the medium's true evolutionary leap.[142]
Super Mario 64's use of the analog stick was novel, offering more precise and wide-ranging character movements than the digital D-pads of other consoles. At the time, 3D games generally only allowed the player to either control the character in relation to a fixed camera angle or in relation to the character's perspective.Super Mario 64's controls, in contrast, are fully analog and interpret a 360-degree range of motion into navigation through a 3D space relative to the camera. The analog stick allows for precise control over subtleties such as running speed.[143] In 2005,Electronic Gaming Monthly rankedSuper Mario 64 the most important game since they began publication in 1989, stating that, while there were 3D games before it, "Nintendo's was the first to get the control scheme right".[144]
In July 2021, a pristine, sealed copy ofSuper Mario 64 was auctioned for$1,560,000, the largest amount ever paid for a video game.[145][146]Heritage Auctions's video games specialist said, "It seems impossible to overstate the importance of this title, not only to the history of Mario and Nintendo but to video games as a whole".[147]
A sequel was planned for the disk drive add-on, under the codenameSuper Mario 128.[148] In July 1996, Nintendo insiders stated that Miyamoto was assembling a team consisting mostly of developers who had worked onSuper Mario 64.[149] Miyamoto affirmed that work on the sequel had only commenced at the time of the E3 1997 convention.[150] The project was canceled due to its lack of progress and the commercial failure of the Nintendo 64 Disk Drive.[151][152]
Super Mario 64 successors includeSuper Mario Sunshine for theGameCube andSuper Mario Galaxy for the Wii, building on its core design of power-ups and its 3D, open-ended gameplay.[153][154]Super Mario Galaxy 2 includes a remake ofSuper Mario 64's Whomp's Fortress level called Throwback Galaxy.[155]Super Mario 3D Land andSuper Mario 3D World are departures from the open-ended design, instead focused on platforming reminiscent of 2D games.[156]
The Nintendo Switch gameSuper Mario Odyssey returns toSuper Mario 64's open design;[157] it includes numerous references to the latter. The "Mario 64 Suit" and "Mario 64 Cap", which change Mario's appearance to his inSuper Mario 64, can be purchased after completing the main storyline. Additionally, Mario can travel to the Mushroom Kingdom, which includes Princess Peach's Castle and its courtyard. The Kingdom's Power Moons resembleSuper Mario 64's Power Stars.[158][159]
Rumors spread rapidly after the game's release. The most popular was a pervasive rumor that Luigi existed as anunlockable character. In 1996,IGN offered a prize of $100 if a player could find Luigi,[160] to no avail.[161] Fueling the rumor was a very blurry message on a statue in the courtyard of Princess Peach's Castle, thought to say "L is real 2401".[162] This was disproved in 1998, when a fan received a letter from Nintendo that the programmers included the text as a joke and it was not supposed to say anything.[162] In July 2020, 24 years and 1 month after the initial release ofSuper Mario 64, unused assets for Luigi from the scrapped multiplayer mode were discovered in the game's development files, in an event colloquially known as theNintendo Gigaleak.[163]
Satirical conspiracy theories about the game became popular in the early 2020s. One popular theory was the "Wario Apparition", based on an E3 1996 presentation withCharles Martinet voicing a disembodiedWario head. Some fans believed that the Wario head remained in some copies of the game. Conspiracy theorists have also spread the rumor that "every copy ofSuper Mario 64 is personalized", claiming that certain bizarre phenomena existed in only certain copies of the game.[164][165][166] These theories (among others) were grouped into anInternet meme known as the "Super Mario 64 iceberg", with less likely theories representing places being placed closer to the bottom of the "ocean". The aforementioned "every copy ofSuper Mario 64 is personalized" conspiracy theory is placed at the very bottom of the meme.[164]
In the years since the game's release, players have used glitches to reach previously unreachable parts of the game, including, in 2014, a coin not possible to be collected in ordinary play.[167]Speedrun techniques include the Lakitu skip, a glitch that disables a dialog box explaining camera movement; the Bob-omb clip, which uses a glitch in a Bob-omb's explosion animation to clip through walls; and the backwards long jump glitch, which involves the player performing a repetitive move, the "backwards long jump" (BLJ), allowing Mario to reach very high speed values and has numerous applications in speedrunning;[168] the latter was patched in theRumble Pak re-release in 1997 as well as all Japanese re-releases on theVirtual Console andNintendo Switch Online, alongside theSuper Mario 3D All-Stars re-release (with the3D All-Stars version being based on theRumble Pak version's codebase).[169] In 2013,YouTuberVinesauce posted a compilation of various corruptions of the game, replicated with a program namednaughty.[170][171] Another YouTuber,Pannenkoek2012, creates highly technical and analytical videos ofSuper Mario 64 glitches and mechanics, which have been covered many times by the video game press.[172][173][174] The game has also inspired challenges that attempt to beat it with certain restrictions, such as not being able to press the A button, requiring deep understanding about the game's mechanics and bugs.[175][176] In May 2024, a player named Marbler managed to beat the entire game without pressing the A button.[177]
Super Mario 64 has led to the creation offan-made remakes,modifications andROM hacks:
In 2019, fansdecompiled the originalROM image intoCsource code,[201] allowingSuper Mario 64 to be natively ported to any system. The next year, fans released aWindows port with support forwidescreen displays and4K resolution.[202] The port would allow for more graphical mods and forks, such asRender96, which implemented the original high-resolution source textures and created new character models and environments resembling those seen in the game's CG renders,[203] andSuper Mario 64 Plus, afork of the Windows port featuring a newpermanent death option, bug fixes, and an improved camera system.[204] Fans have also created ports for several different platforms, including theNintendo 3DS,[205]PlayStation 2,PlayStation Vita,Dreamcast, andAndroid.[206] Nintendo has enlisted a law firm to remove videos of the port and its listings from various websites, taking them down via copyright claims.[207]
In 2013, a study was conducted to see theplasticity effects on the human brain after playingSuper Mario 64—chosen for its navigation element and the ability to play in a three-dimensional environment—for at least thirty minutes every day for two months. The study concluded that doing the previously mentioned activity caused thegray matter (a major part of thecentral nervous system) to increase in the righthippocampal formation and the rightdorsolateral prefrontal cortex—brain areas thought to contribute tospatial navigation,working memory, andmotor planning.[208][209]
{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)'When we moved to 3D for the first time inSuper Mario 64 we became acutely aware of how difficult it is to jump on enemies moving in a 3D space,' [Yoshiaki Koizumi] explains. 'So we created lots of new moves other than jumping that make use of the features of 3D'
You've found 70 Power Stars! The mystery of the endless stairs is solved, thanks to you—and is Bowser ever upset! Now, on to the final bout!
Yoshi: Thanks for playing Super Mario 64! This is the end of the game, but not the end of the fun.We want you to keep on playing, so we have a little something for you. We hope you like it!Enjoy!!!—The Super Mario 64 Team
Princess Peach: "Mario! The power of the Stars is restored to the castle... and it's all thanks to you! Thank you, Mario. We have to do something special for you... Listen, everybody, let's bake a delicious cake... for Mario..."
{{cite interview}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link){{cite episode}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)Mario 64 wasn't itself written in LISP at all. [Its] models were built in Nichimen graphics, a SGI based 3D design tool written in Allegro CL.
Personally, I wanted to make a game that looks like a 3D interactive cartoon. I wanted to create a small garden where Mario can meet real-time 3D characters and the player would be able to move the character with the controller just as if it were a real cartoon.
Best-Selling Video Games, 1995–2002: /Data show units sold, in millions, from 1995 through September 2002. /Super Mario 64 ............ 5.9
スーパーマリオ64 振動パック対応バージョン 1997年7月18日発売[Super Mario 64 Vibration Pack Compatible Version: Released July 18, 1997]
Mario owes his current, expanded set of moves to the challenges of running and jumping in 3D, says Yoshiaki Koizumi, who has directed 3D Mario games fromSuper Mario 64 toSunshine toGalaxy.
