| Sunday Bloody Sunday | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | John Schlesinger |
| Written by |
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| Produced by |
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| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Billy Williams |
| Edited by | Richard Marden |
| Music by | Ron Geesin |
Production company | Vectia |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
Release date |
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Running time | 110 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Budget | £1.5 million[1] |
Sunday Bloody Sunday is a 1971 Britishdrama film directed byJohn Schlesinger, written byPenelope Gilliatt, and starringGlenda Jackson,Peter Finch,Murray Head andPeggy Ashcroft.[2] It tells the story of a free-spirited youngbisexual artist (played by Head) and his simultaneous relationships with a divorced recruitment consultant (Jackson) and a gay Jewish doctor (Finch).[3]
Although a box office failure in many regions of the United States, the film received critical acclaim upon release, with major praise drawn towards Schlesinger's direction, performances of the cast (particularly of Finch and Jackson), and its screenplay. The film garnered significant praise for its positive depiction ofhomosexuality, marking a considerable departure from Schlesinger's previous filmMidnight Cowboy (1969), which portrayed gay men as alienated and self-loathing beings, as well as other gay-themed films of the era, includingThe Boys in the Band (1970) andSome of My Best Friends Are... (1971).[4]
The film received numerous accolades. At the25th British Academy Film Awards, the film received eight nominations, winning a leading five awards, including for theBest Film. It received four nominations at the44th Academy Awards:Best Director,Best Actor (for Finch),Best Actress (for Jackson), andBest Original Screenplay.
In London, a middle-aged gay Jewish doctor, Daniel Hirsh, and a divorced woman in her mid-30s, Alex Greville, are both involved in an openlove triangle with sculptor Bob Elkin, a younger man in his mid-20s. Not only are Daniel and Alex each aware that Bob is seeing the other but they know one another through mutual friends. Despite this, they are willing to put up with the situation through fear of losing Bob, who switches freely between them. Bob has his own coterie of artist friends who support his work, which consists of glass fountains.
Alex and Daniel are both close friends with the Hodsons, who are a bohemian, academic middle-class family living in a leafy London suburb. They alternate having Sunday dinner with the Hodsons, who are aware of their relationships but do not talk about them, though the Hodson children are inclined to snicker. Alex also has a depressed client who has recently lost his job to age discrimination. They sleep together at Alex's flat, and then Bob announces his arrival, forcing them to pretend to be having a casual drink. Bob tells Alex that he has no problem with her sleeping with other men. They are, in his words, "free".
The Hodsons' family dog is run over by a truck which narrowly misses the eldest daughter Lucy. Daniel has to deal with a former lover who is a heroin addict. After unsuccessfully trying to fill a heroin prescription for him at a pharmacy, being unable to prove he is a doctor, Daniel finds that his medical bag has been stolen from his car.
For Alex, the relationship is bound up with growing disillusion about her professional life, failed marriage and uneasy childhood. For Daniel, it represents an escape from the repressed nature of his Jewish upbringing. Both realise the lack of permanence about the situation. When Bob decides to leave the country to settle in New York, after receiving an offer to open his own art gallery, they both come face to face for the first time in the narrative. Despite their opposed circumstances, Daniel and Alex come to realise that it is time to move on; Bob leaves for the United States.
The film ends with an unconventional speech from Daniel directly to the audience. He muses on his relationship with Bob, his friends' concern for his happiness, and declares "I am happy, apart from missing him." His last remark is "I only came about my cough," often a punch-line to a joke about a man going to the doctor and getting unexpected news.
Schlesinger had the idea for the film when makingFar from the Madding Crowd. The film took five years of development. "There were endless delays," said the director. "No one was very keen about our doing the film." There were casting problems. "For what it is it ended up being terribly expensive."[5]
The film was partly based on Schlesinger's personal experience as a Jewish English gay man. He approached Penelope Gilliatt, who had recently finished a novel,A Statement of Change, about a love triangle involving a doctor, and asked if she would write a script. They collaborated extensively on the first draft.
The relationship between Schlesinger and Gilliatt was somewhat difficult. According to John Schlesinger biographer William J. Mann, the first draft came out of intensive collaboration and brainstorming sessions between Schlesinger and Gillatt. Schlesinger and producerJoseph Janni did not like Gilliatt's dialogues. By that time, Gilliatt already moved to New York to work forThe New Yorker magazine, and did not want to return to London to revise the script.David Sherwin was brought in to do an extensive rewrite. Sherwin and Schlesinger are not credited for the script, because Gilliatt had it in her contract that she would be the sole scriptwriter.[6][7][8]
After the film's success in the United Kingdom, Gilliatt took the sole credit in the published final script in her interviews, going as far as stating that the "ideas had been hers", while in fact the initial idea was Schlesinger's and the story was very personal to him. Producer Joseph Janni wrote her a letter, asking her to acknowledge the collaborative nature of the final script, stating[9][page needed][6]
I have just received a copy of the book of SUNDAY BLOODY SUNDAY and I am flabbergasted at the note at the back which says that you "first thought of this film script on a train in Switzerland".
I am writing this letter to you because of what has happened for some time with regard to verbal and written statements, ... all made by you with regard to the authorship.... You have gone out of your way to want to create in everybody's mind the impression that the subject and the subsequent script were entirely your creation....
I want to be very clear that we do not want to take away from you any glory or fail to recognise the marvellous work you have done on the script of SUNDAY BLOODY SUNDAY. I wish, however, that any statement made about this work should correspond to the truth as I have stated it above and the reason for my writing this letter is to ask you to do so, so that we should not be forced, especially when coming to America for the opening of the film, to have to deny certain statements or make declarations which will conflict with yours and which ultimately will not be pleasant for any of us.
The original choice for Alex wasVanessa Redgrave.
John Schlesinger said he wanted Peter Finch for the role of Daniel Hirsh. However, he was meant to star in a film version ofMan's Fate and so was unavailable.[5] He then castAlan Bates, but Bates was held up filmingThe Go-Between (1970), soIan Bannen was cast. Apparently, Bannen was so nervous about what kissing another male actor on screen might do to his career that he could not concentrate enough to even get going with the part. He later said that losing the role set back his career, and regretted it till his death. He was replaced by Finch, who had by then—theAndré Malraux project having abruptly unraveled—become available.
Schlesinger was thinking of castingJean Simmons until he saw Glenda Jackson inWomen in Love and decided to offer her the role.[1]
Several actresses (including DameEdith Evans andThora Hird) politely refused the part of Glenda Jackson's mother, Mrs. Greville, because they thought the project was too risqué. DamePeggy Ashcroft accepted, after the director explained to her the elements of the story, and she gladly signed on.
Filming took place from March to August 1970.
Daniel Day-Lewis made his film debut in an uncredited role as a vandal. He described the experience as "heaven", getting paid £2 to vandalise expensive cars parked nearSt Alfege Church, Greenwich. The sequence showed children walking alongside a line of parked cars, casually scraping the cars' paintwork with keys, coins, and broken bottles.
Of the kiss scene between Head and Finch, Schlesinger said he wanted to direct it in a "purely natural" way. The director told theNew York Times, "Both Peter and Murray were totally involved in their parts and they were certainly less shocked by the kiss than some of the technicians."[4]
"We were eager to make a tender film," said Schlesinger.[4]
During filming Head was in a motorbike accident and the child actors came down with measles.[10]
The film makes extensive use ofsource music including aleitmotif of thetrioSoave sia il vento fromMozart's operaCosì fan tutte.
Schlesinger says that when he showed the film to United Artists executives in New York, "they were all appalled exceptDavid Picker. They were prepared to let it quietly die."[5]
The film had its premiere at theLeicester Square Theatre in London on 1 July 1971.[11]
The film performed strongly at the box office in urban centres but was not popular outside these and ultimately lost money.[12] It grossed £20,149 in its first 13 days of release at the Leicester Square Theatre.[13]
The film holds an 83% rating onRotten Tomatoes from 30 reviews. The consensus summarizes: "Led by strong performances from its three leads,Sunday Bloody Sunday takes a sophisticated and groundbreaking look at the complexities of love."[14]
Peter Rainer of Bloomberg News wrote, "It's Finch's finest moment as an actor (and literally a far cry from his most famous role as the 'mad prophet of the airwaves' inNetwork). As for Jackson, she was never better, more variegated."[15]
This film appeared on bothRoger Ebert andGene Siskel's Top 10 list of 1971, listed as No. 5 and No. 6 respectively. Roger Ebert commented, "The official East Coast line on John Schlesinger'sSunday Bloody Sunday was that it is civilized. That judgment was enlisted to carry the critical defense of the movie; and, indeed, how can the decent critic be against a civilized movie about civilized people? My notion, all the same, is thatSunday Bloody Sunday is about people who suffer from psychic amputation, not civility, and that this film is not an affirmation but a tragedy... I thinkSunday Bloody Sunday is a masterpiece, but I don't think it's about what everybody else seems to think it's about. This is not a movie about the loss of love, but about its absence."[16]
DirectorPedro Almodóvar has citedSunday Bloody Sunday as one of his favorite films.
Sunday Bloody Sunday was released onBlu-ray by theCriterion Collection in North America and by theBFI in the British Isles.