| Sundanese Script Aksara Sunda Baku ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ | |
|---|---|
| Script type | |
Period | c. 14th–18th centuries (asOld Sundanese script) 1996-present (as Sundanese script) |
| Direction | Left-to-right |
| Languages | Sundanese |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Sister systems | |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Sund(362), Sundanese |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Sundanese |
| |
| This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. | |
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StandardSundanese script (Aksara Sunda Baku,ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮊᮥ) is a traditional writing system used bySundanese people to writeSundanese language. It is built based onOld Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Kuno) which was used from the 14th to the 18th centuries.[1]
Old Sundanese was developed based on thePallava script of India,[2] and was used from the 14th until the 18th centuries. The last manuscript written in Old Sundanese script wasCarita Waruga Guru.[2] From the 17th to the 19th centuries, Sundanese was mostly spoken and not written.[2]Javanese andPegon scripts were used to write Sundanese during this period.[2] In 1996, the government of West Java announced a plan to introduce an official Sundanese script, and in October 1997, the Old Sundanese script was chosen and renamed toAksara Sunda.[3]
The standardized script has 32 basic characters-- seven vowels, 23 consonants, and thirteen phonetic diacriticals (Sundanese:rarangkén). There are also numerals from zero to nine.
Each consonant (Sundanese:aksara ngalagéna) carries an inherent vowel 'a', so that each consonant letter is pronounced as a syllable. The original eighteen consonants areka-ga-nga,ca-ja-nya,ta-da-na,pa-ba-ma,ya-ra-la,wa-sa-ha.
An additional five consonants,fa-va-qa-xa-za have been added in order to improve the script as a tool for recording the development of the Sundanese language, especially regarding the adoption of foreign words and sounds. The new glyphs have been developed through re-use of letters found in the old Sundanese script. For example, the lettersfa andva are variants of Old Sundanesepa;qa andxa are variants of Old Sundaneseka; andza is a variant of Old Sundaneseja.
There are two non-standard consonants,kha andsha, used for transcribing the Arabic consonants خ and ش.
ᮊ ka IPA:/ka/ | ᮌ ga IPA:/ga/ | ᮍ nga IPA:/ŋa/ | ᮎ ca IPA:/t͜ɕa/ | ᮏ ja IPA:/d͜ʑa/ | ᮑ nya IPA:/ɲa/ |
ᮒ ta IPA:/ta/ | ᮓ da IPA:/da/ | ᮔ na IPA:/na/ | ᮕ pa IPA:/pa/ | ᮘ ba IPA:/ba/ | ᮙ ma IPA:/ma/ |
ᮚ ya IPA:/ja/ | ᮛ ra IPA:/ra/ | ᮜ la IPA:/la/ | ᮝ wa IPA:/wa/ | ᮞ sa IPA:/sa/ | ᮠ ha IPA:/ha/ |
ᮖ fa IPA:/fa/ | ᮋ qa IPA:/ka~qa/ | ᮗ va IPA:/fa~va/ | ᮟ xa IPA:/sa/,/ksa/ | ᮐ za IPA:/za/ | ᮮ kha IPA:/ħa/,/xa/ | ᮯ sya IPA:/ɕa/,/ʃa/ |
There are seven independent vowels,a, é, i, o, u, e, andeu, each of which has an independent form and ararangkén or diacritic. A basic consonant-vowel syllable is formed by adding a vowel diacritic to a consonant. The vowel diacritic replaces the consonant's inherent 'a' or, in the case of the "killer stroke" (pamaéh) removes the vowel entirely, creating an isolated consonant.
ᮃ a IPA:/a/ | ᮆ é IPA:/ɛ/ | ᮄ i IPA:/i/ | ᮇ o IPA:/ɔ/ | ᮅ u IPA:/u/ | ᮈ e IPA:/ə/ | ᮉ eu IPA:/ɤ/ | |
◌ᮦ | ◌ᮤ | ◌ᮧ | ◌ ᮥ | ◌ ᮨ | ◌ ᮩ | -◌᮪ | |
ᮊ ka IPA:/ka/ | ᮊᮦ ké IPA:/kɛ/ | ᮊᮤ ki IPA:/ki/ | ᮊᮧ ko IPA:/kɔ/ | ᮊᮥ ku IPA:/ku/ | ᮊᮨ ke IPA:/kə/ | ᮊᮩ keu IPA:/kɤ/ | -ᮊ᮪ k IPA:/k/ |
Additional diacritics are used to alter the consonants of a syllable.
◌ ᮁ adds a final /r/ | ◌ ᮀ adds a final /ŋ/ | ◌ᮢ inserts an /r/ | ◌ ᮣ inserts an /l/ | ◌ ᮡ inserts a /j/ | ◌ᮂ adds a final /h/ |
ᮊᮁ kar | ᮊᮀ kang | ᮊᮢ kra | ᮊᮣ kla | ᮊᮡ kya | ᮊᮂ kah |
In texts, numbers are written surrounded by dual pipes | ... |, for example, the year 2020 is written |᮲᮰᮲᮰|.
0 ᮰ | 1 ᮱ | 2 ᮲ | 3 ᮳ | 4 ᮴ | 5 ᮵ | 6 ᮶ | 7 ᮷ | 8 ᮸ | 9 ᮹ |
In modern usage, Latin punctuation is used. Old Sundanese, though, was written using its own set of punctuation symbols. Sequences such as᳇᳇,᳆᳀᳆, which contains a᳀,bindu surya, 'sun sign', and᳆᳁, which contains a᳁,bindu panglong, 'half-moon sign', are used to mark liturgical texts.᳅᳂᳅, which contains a᳂,bindu purnama, 'full moon sign', denoted a historical text.᳀ is also sometimes used as a full stop, with᳂ acting as a comma.᳃,bindu chakra, 'wheel sign' was also used as a comma.

The punctuation symbols resembling letters with stripes (᳆,da satanga, 'decorated da',᳇,ba satanga, 'decorated ba', and᳅,ka satanga, 'decorated ka') originated as versions of the lettersᮓ,da,ᮘ,ba, and one half of the letterᮊ,ka. Another symbol of unclear meaning is the᳄,leu satanga, 'decorated leu', based on the archaic syllableᮼ,seu.[4]
Article 1 of theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights
ᮞᮊᮥᮙ᮪ᮔ ᮏᮜ᮪ᮙ ᮌᮥᮘᮢᮌ᮪ ᮊ ᮃᮜᮙ᮪ ᮓᮥᮑ ᮒᮦᮂ ᮞᮤᮕᮒ᮪ᮔ ᮙᮨᮁᮓᮤᮊ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮘᮧᮌ ᮙᮁᮒᮘᮒ᮪ ᮊᮒᮥᮒ᮪ ᮠᮊ᮪-ᮠᮊ᮪ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮞᮛᮥᮃ. ᮙᮛᮔᮦᮂᮔ ᮓᮤᮘᮦᮛᮦ ᮃᮊᮜ᮪ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮠᮒᮦ ᮔᮥᮛᮔᮤ, ᮎᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮁ-ᮌᮅᮜ᮪ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮞᮞᮙᮔ ᮃᮚ ᮓᮤᮔ ᮞᮥᮙᮍᮨᮒ᮪ ᮓᮥᮓᮥᮜᮥᮛᮔ᮪.
Sakumna jalma gubrag ka alam dunya téh sipatna merdika jeung boga martabat katut hak-hak anu sarua. Maranéhna dibéré akal jeung haté nurani, campur-gaul jeung sasamana aya dina sumanget duduluran.
"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
Sundanese script was added to theUnicode Standard in April 2008 with the release of version 5.1. In version 6.3, the support ofpasangan and some characters from Old Sundanese script were added.
The Unicode block for Sundanese is U+1B80–U+1BBF.The Unicode block for Sundanese Supplement is U+1CC0–U+1CCF.
| Sundanese[1] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+1B8x | ᮀ | ᮁ | ᮂ | ᮃ | ᮄ | ᮅ | ᮆ | ᮇ | ᮈ | ᮉ | ᮊ | ᮋ | ᮌ | ᮍ | ᮎ | ᮏ |
| U+1B9x | ᮐ | ᮑ | ᮒ | ᮓ | ᮔ | ᮕ | ᮖ | ᮗ | ᮘ | ᮙ | ᮚ | ᮛ | ᮜ | ᮝ | ᮞ | ᮟ |
| U+1BAx | ᮠ | ᮡ | ᮢ | ᮣ | ᮤ | ᮥ | ᮦ | ᮧ | ᮨ | ᮩ | ᮪ | ᮫ | ᮬ | ᮭ | ᮮ | ᮯ |
| U+1BBx | ᮰ | ᮱ | ᮲ | ᮳ | ᮴ | ᮵ | ᮶ | ᮷ | ᮸ | ᮹ | ᮺ | ᮻ | ᮼ | ᮽ | ᮾ | ᮿ |
Notes
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| Sundanese Supplement[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+1CCx | ᳀ | ᳁ | ᳂ | ᳃ | ᳄ | ᳅ | ᳆ | ᳇ | ||||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||