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Sumanene

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sumanene
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
4,7-Dihydro-1H-tricyclopenta[def,jkl,pqr]triphenylene
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C21H12/c1-2-11-8-13-5-6-15-9-14-4-3-12-7-10(1)16-17(11)19(13)21(15)20(14)18(12)16/h1-6H,7-9H2 ☒N
    Key: WOYKPMSXBVTRKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N
  • InChI=1/C21H12/c1-2-11-8-13-5-6-15-9-14-4-3-12-7-10(1)16-17(11)19(13)21(15)20(14)18(12)16/h1-6H,7-9H2
    Key: WOYKPMSXBVTRKZ-UHFFFAOYAE
  • C16=C5C4=C3C2=C1C7=CC=C2CC3=CC=C4CC5=CC=C6C7
Properties
C21H12
Molar mass264.32
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Chemical compound

Sumanene is apolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and of scientific interest because themolecule can be considered a fragment ofbuckminsterfullerene. Due to this connection and also its bowl shape, Sumanene is also known as abuckybowl.Suman means "flower" in bothHindi andSanskrit.[1] The core of thearene is abenzene ring and theperiphery consists of alternating benzene rings (3) andcyclopentadiene rings (3). Unlikefullerene, sumanene hasbenzyl positions which are available fororganic reactions.

Organic synthesis

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The structure of Sumanene can be inferred fromoxidation of 1,5,9-trimethyltriphenylene but the first practical synthesis starts fromnorbornadiene.[2] Norbornadiene is converted into astannane by action ofn-butyllithium,dibromoethane andtributyltinchloride. AnUllmann reaction of this stannane withCuTC affords the benzene core. Themethylene bridges (−CH2) created in this conversion then migrate in atandemring-opening metathesis andring-closing metathesis by theGrubbs' catalyst. The final structure is obtained byoxidation byDDQ.

Sumanene synthesis

Properties

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Sumanene is abowl-shapedmolecule with a bowl depth of 118picometers.[3] The 6 hub carbon atoms arepyramidalized by 9° and the molecule displays considerable bond alternation (138.1 to 143.1 pm). Sumanene also experiencesbowl-to-bowl inversion with aninversion barrier of 19.6kcal/mol (82kJ/mol) at 140 °C which is much higher than that found for itscorannulene cousin.Like any benzylicproton, the sumanene protons can be abstracted by a strongbase such ast-butyl lithium to form the sumanene monocarbanion. This strongnucleophile can react with anelectrophile such astrimethylsilyl chloride to thetrimethylsilyl derivative.

The trianion has also been reported.[4] Electron transport properties have been investigated[5][6] as well ascarbon NMR[7]

Derivatives

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Sumanene derivatives[8] such asnaphtosumanene[9] andtrisialsumanene[10][11] have been described. Chiral sumanenes are of some interest with respect toinherent chirality,[12] examples are chiraltrimethylsumanene[13] and a chiral sumanene cyclopentadienyl iron complex[14]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Towards the design of tricyclopenta [def, jkl, pqr] triphenylene (sumanene): a bowl-shaped hydrocarbon featuring a structural motif present in C60 (buckminsterfullerene)Goverdhan Mehta, Shailesh R. Shah and K. Ravikumar Journal of the Chemical Society,Chemical Communications,1993, (12), 1006 - 1008doi:10.1039/C39930001006
  2. ^A Synthesis of Sumanene, a Fullerene Fragment Hidehiro Sakurai, Taro Daiko, and Toshikazu HiraoScience, Vol 301, Issue 5641, 1878 , 26 September2003doi:10.1126/science.1088290
  3. ^Structural Elucidation of Sumanene and Generation of Its Benzylic Anions Hidehiro Sakurai, Taro Daiko, Hiroyuki Sakane, Toru Amaya, and Toshikazu HiraoJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 127 (33), 11580 -11581,2005doi:10.1021/ja0518169
  4. ^Hidehiro Sakurai, Taro Daiko, Hiroyuki Sakane, Toru Amaya, and Toshikazu Hira; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127 (33), pp 11580–11581doi:10.1021/ja0518169
  5. ^Anisotropic Electron Transport Properties in Sumanene Crystal Toru Amaya, Shu Seki, Toshiyuki Moriuchi, Kana Nakamoto, Takuto Nakata, Hiroyuki Sakane, Akinori Saeki, Seiichi Tagawa and Toshikazu Hirao J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131 (2), pp 408–409doi:10.1021/ja805997v
  6. ^The electrochemical inspection of the redox activity of sumanene and its concave CpFe complex Piero Zanello, Serena Fedi, Fabrizia Fabrizi de Biani, Gianluca Giorgi, Toru Amaya, Hiroyuki Sakane and Toshikazu HiraoDalton Trans., 2009, 9192-9197doi:10.1039/B910711H
  7. ^Solid-state 13C NMR investigations of 4,7-dihydro-1H-tricyclopenta[def,jkl,pqr]triphenylene (sumanene) and indeno[1,2,3-cd]fluoranthene: Buckminsterfullerene moieties Merrill D. Halling, Anita M. Orendt, Mark Strohmeier, Mark S. Solum, Vikki M. Tsefrikas, Toshikazu Hirao, Lawrence T. Scott, Ronald J. Pugmire and David M. Grant Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 7934-7941doi:10.1039/C001903H
  8. ^Bowl-to-bowl inversion of sumanene derivatives Toru Amaya, Hiroyuki Sakane, Toshiko Muneishi and Toshikazu Hirao Chem. Commun., 2008, 765-767doi:10.1039/B712839H
  9. ^Synthesis of Highly Strained π-Bowls from Sumanene Toru Amaya, Takuto Nakata and Toshikazu Hirao, Japan J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131 (31), pp 10810–10811doi:10.1021/ja9031693
  10. ^Communication Development of a Sila-Friedel−Crafts Reaction and Its Application to the Synthesis of Dibenzosilole Derivatives Shunsuke Furukawa, Junji Kobayashi and Takayuki Kawashima J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131 (40), pp 14192–14193doi:10.1021/ja906566r
  11. ^Synthesis, structures and optical properties of trisilasumanene and its related compounds Tomoharu Tanikawa, Masaichi Saito, Jing Dong Guo and Shigeru Nagase Org. Biomol. Chem., 2011, 9, 1731-1735doi:10.1039/C0OB00987C
  12. ^Inherently chiral concave molecules—from synthesis to applications Agnieszka Szumna Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, 39, 4274-4285doi:10.1039/B919527K
  13. ^Asymmetric Synthesis of a Chiral Buckybowl, Trimethylsumanene Shuhei Higashibayashi and Hidehiro Sakurai J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130 (27), pp 8592–8593doi:10.1021/ja802822k
  14. ^Sakane, H., Amaya, T., Moriuchi, T. and Hirao, T. (2009), A Chiral Concave-Bound Cyclopentadienyl Iron Complex of Sumanene. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48: 1640–1643.doi:10.1002/anie.200805567
2 rings
3 rings
4 rings
5 rings
6 rings
7+ rings
General classes
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