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Sulfate chloride

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Class of chemical compounds

Sulfate chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
PubChem CID	21918412
InChI InChI=1S/ClH.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h1H;(H2,1,2,3,4)/p-3 Key: FZUJWWOKDIGOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-K
SMILES [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Cl-]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chemical compound

Thesulfate chlorides are double salts containing bothsulfate (SO₄^2–) andchloride (Cl^–)anions. They are distinct from thechlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the ClSO₃⁻ anion.

Many minerals in this family exist. Many are found associated withvolcanoes andfumaroles. As minerals they are included in theNickel-Strunz classification group 7.DG.

The bookHey's Chemical Index of Minerals groups these in subgroup 12.2.^{[dubious –discuss]}

List

[edit]

name	formula	ratio	system	space group	unit cell	volume	density	optical	references
Arzrunite	Cu₄Pb₂(SO₄)(OH)₄Cl₆ · 2H₂O (?)	1:6	orthorhombic					Blue Biaxial	^[1]
Connellite	Cu₁₉(SO₄)(OH)₃₂Cl₄ · 3H₂O	1:4	hexagonal	P6₂c	a = 15.78 c = 9.10	1,962	3.36	blue Uniaxial (+)n_ω = 1.724 – 1.746n_ε = 1.738 – 1.758 Birefringence: 0.026	^[2]
Potassium Zinc Sulfate Chloride	K₂Zn(SO₄)Cl₃ ?	1:3
Chlorothionite	K₂Cu(SO₄)Cl₂	1:2	orthorhombic	Pnma	a = 7.73 b = 6.07 c = 16.29	764	2.67	pale blue Biaxial (+)	^[3]
Sundiusite	Pb₁₀(SO₄)O₈Cl₂	1:2	monoclinic		a = 24.67 b = 3.781 c = 11.881 β = 100.07	1091.1		Biaxial (+)n_α = 2.100n_γ = 2.170 Max birefringence: δ = 0.070	^[4]
Sodium Potassium Iron Sulfate Chloride	(Na,K)₂Fe(SO₄)Cl₂	1:2
Mammothite	Pb₆Cu₄AlSb⁵⁺O₂(OH)₁₆Cl₄(SO₄)₂	1:2	monoclinic	C2	a = 18.959 b = 7.3399 c = 11.363 β = 112.428(9)° Z=2	1461.6	5.21	blue-green Biaxial (+)n_α = 1.868n_β = 1.892n_γ = 1.928 2V:measured: 80° Birefringence: 0.060	^[5]
Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydroxide	Zn₃(SO₄)(Cl,OH)₂	1:2							^[6]
Tatarskite	Ca₆Mg₂(SO₄)₂(CO₃)₂(OH)₄Cl₄ · 7H₂O	2:4	Orthorhombic				2.431	Biaxial (-)n_α = 1.567n_β = 1.654n_γ = 1.722 2V: 83°	^[7]
Therasiaite	(NH₄)₃KNa₂Fe²⁺Fe³⁺(SO₄)₃Cl₅	3:5	monoclinic		a = 18.284, b = 12.073, c = 9.535 Å, β = 108.10°, and Z = 4	V = 2000.6 Å³		brown	^[8]
Acmonidesite	(NH₄,K,Pb)₈NaFe²⁺₄(SO₄)₅Cl₈	5:8	orthorhombic		a = 9.841 Å, b = 19.448 Å, c = 17.847 Å Z=4	3,415.70 Å³			^[9]
'Ammonium-Kainite'	NH₄Mg(SO₄)Cl•3H₂O	1:1
Anhydrokainite	KMg(SO₄)Cl	1:1							^[10]
Belousovite	KZn(SO₄)Cl	1:1	monoclinic	P2₁/c	a = 6.8904b = 9.6115c = 8.2144 β = 96.582Z = 4	540.43			^[11]
Gordaite	NaZn₄(SO₄)(OH)₆Cl · 6H₂O	1:1	trigonal	P3	a=8.35 c=13.08	802.67		Uniaxial (-)n_ω = 1.561n_ε = 1.538 Max birefringence: δ = 0.023	^[12]
Kainite	KMg(SO₄)Cl · 3H₂O	1:1	monoclinic		a = 19.72 b = 16.23 c = 9.53 β = 94.92°	3,039	2.15	Biaxial (-)n_α = 1.494n_β = 1.505n_γ = 1.516 2V: measured: 90° , calculated: 88° Max birefringence: δ = 0.022	^[13]
Spangolite	Cu₆Al(SO₄)(OH)₁₂Cl · 3H₂O	1:1	trigonal	P31c	a = 8.24 c = 14.34 Z=2	843.2	3.14	blue-green Uniaxial (-)n_ω = 1.694n_ε = 1.641 Max birefringence: δ = 0.053	^[14]
Thérèsemagnanite	NaCo₄(SO₄)(OH)₆Cl · 6H₂O	1:1	trigonal	P3	a = 8.349 c = 13.031	786.6	2.52	Uniaxial (-) ω=1.792 n_ε=1.786 Max birefringence: δ = 0.006	^[15]^[16]
Vendidaite	Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₃Cl·6H₂O	1:1	monoclinic	C2/c	a = 11.925 b = 16.134 c = 7.4573 β = 125.815°	1163.4	1.97	Biaxial (+)n_α = 1.522n_β = 1.524n_γ = 1.527 2V: calculated: 79° Max birefringence: δ = 0.005	^[17]
Xitieshanite	Fe³⁺(SO₄)Cl · 6H₂O	1:1	monoclinic	P2₁/a	a = 14.102 b = 6.908 c = 10.673 β = 111.26° Z=4	968.97	1.99	Biaxial (+)n_α = 1.536n_β = 1.570n_γ = 1.628 2V: measured: 77° , calculated: 78° Max birefringence: δ = 0.092	^[18]
Zn Sulfate-Hydroxide-Chloride-Hydrate	Zn₉(SO₄)₂(OH)₁₂Cl₂ · 6H₂O	2:2	trigonal	R3	a = 8.275 c = 32.000 Z=3	1,897.6			^[19]
Tzeferisite	Ca[Zn₈(SO₄)₂(OH)₁₂Cl₂](H₂O)₉	2:2	trigonal	R3c	a = 8.3797 Å, c = 68.123 Z=6	4142.7			^[20]
UM1987-14-SO:ClHZn	Zn₁₂(SO₄)₃Cl₃(OH)₁₅•5H₂O	3:3
Aubertite	CuAl(SO₄)₂Cl · 14H₂O	2:1	triclinic	P1	a=6.28 b=13.23 c=6.28 α=91.17°, β=94.67°, γ=82.45°	515.50	1.815	blue Biaxial (-)n_α = 1.462n_β = 1.482n_γ = 1.495 2V: measured: 71° , calculated: 76° Max birefringence: δ = 0.033	^[21]
Magnesioaubertite	(Mg,Cu)Al(SO₄)2Cl · 14H₂O	2:1	triclinic	P1	a = 6.31 b = 13.20 c = 6.29 α = 91.74°, β = 94.55°, γ = 82.62°	517.8		Biaxial (-)n_α = 1.466n_β = 1.481n_γ = 1.488 2V: measured: 112° to 114°, calculated: 66° Max birefringence: δ = 0.022	^[22]
Kamchatkite	KCu₃(SO₄)₂OCl	2:1	orthorhombic	Pnma	a = 9.755 b = 7.015 c = 12.866	881.8	3.48	greenish-yellow Biaxial (+)n_α = 1.695n_β = 1.718n_γ = 1.759 2V: measured: 75° , calculated: 76° Max birefringence: δ = 0.064	^[23]
Aiolosite	Na₄Bi(SO₄)₃Cl	3:1	hexagonal	P6₃/m	a = 9.626 c = 6.880	552.1	3.589	Uniaxial (+)n_ω = 1.590n_ε = 1.600 Max birefringence: δ = 0.010	^[24]
Caracolite	Na₃Pb₂(SO₄)₃Cl	3:1	monoclinic	P6₃/m	a = 19.62 b = 7.14 c = 9.81 β = 120°	1190	5.1	Biaxial (-)n_α = 1.743n_β = 1.754n_γ = 1.764 Max Birefringence: δ = 0.021	^[25]
D'Ansite	Na₂₁Mg(SO₄)₁₀Cl₃	10:3	isometric	I43d	a = 15.913 Z = 4	4,029.55	2.59	isotropic n=1.488	^[26]
D'Ansite-(Fe)	Na₂₁Fe²⁺(SO₄)₁₀Cl₃	10:3	isometric	I43d	a = 15.882 Z=4	4,006.04	2.62	Isotropicn = 1.51	^[27]
D'Ansite-(Mn)	Na₂₁Mn²⁺(SO₄)₁₀Cl₃	10:3	isometric	I43d	a = 15.929 Z=4	4,041.79	2.610	Isotropicn = 1.50	^[28]
Adranosite	(NH₄)₄NaAl₂(SO₄)₄Cl(OH)₂	4:1	tetragonal	I4₁/acd	a = 18.118, c = 11.320	3,715.9			^[29]
Adranosite-(Fe)	(NH₄)₄NaFe³⁺₂(SO₄)₄Cl(OH)₂	4:1	tetragonal	I4₁/acd	a = 18.261, c = 11.562 Z=8	3855.5		Uniaxial (-)n_ω = 1.580n_ε = 1.570 Birefringence: δ = 0.010	^[30]
Bluelizardite	Na₇(UO₂)(SO₄)₄Cl(H₂O)₂	4:1	monoclinic	C2/c	a = 21.1507 b = 5.3469 c = 34.6711 β = 104.913° Z=8	3788.91	3.116	yellow Biaxial (-)n_α = 1.515(1)n_β = 1.540(1)n_γ = 1.545(1) 2V: measured: 48°, calculated: 47.6° Max birefringence: δ = 0.030	^[31]
Piypite	K₄Cu₄O₂(SO₄)₄ · (Na,Cu)Cl	4:1	Tetragonal		a = 13.6 c = 4.95 Z=2	915.6	3.1	green Uniaxial (+)n_ω = 1.583n_ε = 1.695 Max Birefringence:δ = 0.112	^[32]
Atlasovite	K(BiO)Cu₆Fe³⁺(SO₄)₅O₃Cl	5:1	tetragonal	P4/ncc	a = 9.86, c = 20.58	2,001	4.2	Uniaxial (-)n_ω = 1.783n_ε = 1.776 Birefringence: δ = 0.007	^[33]
Three or more anions
Marinellite	(Na,K)₄₂Ca₆(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)₆(SO₄)₈Cl₂ · 3H₂O	2:8	Trigonal	P31c	a = 12.88 c = 31.761	4563	2.405	Uniaxial (+)n_ω = 1.495n_ε = 1.497 Max birefringence: δ = 0.002	^[34]
Philolithite	Pb₁₂O₆Mn₇(SO₄)(CO₃)₄Cl₄(OH)₁₂	1:4	Tetragonal		a = 12.627 c = 12.595 Z=2	2008.2		green Biaxial (+)n_α = 1.920n_β = 1.940n_γ = 1.950 Max birefringence: δ = 0.030	^[35]
Symesite	Pb₁₀(SO₄)O₇Cl₄ · H₂O	1:4	triclinic	P1	a = 8.821 b = 10.776 c = 13.134 α = 68.96°, β = 86.52°, γ = 75.65° Z=2	1128.4	7.3	pink Biaxialn_α = 2.120n_γ = 2.160 Max birefringence: δ = 0.040	^[36]
Bobmeyerite	Pb₄(Al₃Cu)(Si₄O₁₂)(S_0.5Si_0.5O₄)(OH)₇Cl(H₂O)₃	1:2	Orthorhombic	Pnnm	a = 13.969 b = 14.24 c = 5.893 Z=2	1173.6	4.381	Biaxial (-)n_α = 1.756(4)n_β = 1.759(2)n_γ = 1.759(2) Max birefringence: δ = 0.003	^[37]
Microsommite	Na₄K₂Ca₂(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)Cl₂	1:2	Hexagonal		a = 22.08 c = 5.33	2,250		Uniaxial (+)n_ω = 1.521n_ε = 1.529 Max birefringence: δ = 0.008	^[38]
Mattheddleite	Pb₅(SiO₄)_1.5(SO₄)_1.5(Cl,OH)	3:2	Hexagonal	P6₃/m	a = 10.0056, c = 7.496 Z=2	649.9	6.96	Uniaxial (-)n_ω = 2.017n_ε = 1.999 Birefringence: δ = 0.018	^[39]
Afghanite	(Na,K)₂₂Ca₁₀[Si₂₄Al₂₄O₉₆](SO₄)₆Cl₆	6:6	Trigonal		a = 12.796, c = 21.409 Z = 1	3,015.16	2.54	Uniaxial (+) n_ω = 1.523 n_ε = 1.529 δ = 0.006	^[40]
Alloriite	(Na,Ca,K)₂₆Ca₄(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)₄(SO₄)₆Cl₆	6:6	trigonal	P31c	a = 12.892 c = 21.340 Z=4	3,071.61	2.35	Uniaxial (+)n_ω = 1.497(2)n_ε = 1.499(2) Max birefringence: δ = 0.002	^[41]
Eztlite	Pb²⁺₂Fe³⁺₃(Te⁴⁺ O₃)₃(SO₄)O₂Cl	1:1	monoclinic	Cm	a = 11.466 b = 19.775 c = 20.52 β = 20.52° Z=2	2322.6	4.5	red Biaxialn_α = 2.140n_γ = 2.150 Max birefringence: δ = 0.010	^[42]
Vlodavetsite	AlCa₂(SO₄)₂F₂Cl · 4H₂O	1:1	Tetragonal	I4/m	a = 6.870, c = 13.342 Z=2	629.70		Uniaxial (+)n_ω = 1.509n_ε = 1.526 Birefringence: δ = 0.017	^[43]
Liottite	(Na,K)₁₆Ca₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)₃(SO₄)₅Cl₄	5:4	Hexagonal		a = 12.84 c = 16.09	2,297		Uniaxial (-)n_ω = 1.530n_ε = 1.528 Max birefringence: δ = 0.002	^[44]
Chlorellestadite	Ca₁₀(SiO₄)₃(SO₄)₃Cl₂	3:2	Hexagonal	P6₃/m	a = 9.6002 c = 6.8692 Z=2	548.27	3.091	Uniaxial (-)n_ω = 1.664n_ε = 1.659 Max birefringence δ = 0.005	^[45]
Heidornite	Na₂Ca₃B₅O₈(SO₄)₂Cl(OH)₂	2:1	monoclinic		a = 10.19 b = 7.76 c = 18.81 β = 93.33° Z=4	1,484.88	2.753	Biaxial (+)n_α = 1.579n_β = 1.588n_γ = 1.604 2V: measured: 63° to 77°, calculated: 76° Max birefringence: δ = 0.025	^[46]
Mineevite-(Y)	Na₂₅Ba(Y,Gd,Dy)₂(CO₃)₁₁(HCO₃)₄(SO₄)₂F₂Cl	2:1	hexagonal	P6₃/m	a = 8.811 c = 37.03	2,489.6	2.85	Pale green Uniaxial (-)n_ω = 1.536n_ε = 1.510 Max birefringence: δ = 0.026	^[47]
Sulphohalite	Na₆(SO₄)₂FCl	2:1	Isometric	Fm3m	a = 10.065, Z = 4	1,019.6		isotropic n=1.455	^[48]^[49]
Tounkite	(Na,Ca,K)₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)₂Cl · H₂O	2:1	hexagonal		a = 12.84 c = 32.23	4,602		Uniaxial (+)n_ω = 1.528n_ε = 1.543 Max birefringence: δ = 0.015	^[50]
Alloriite	Na₁₉K₆Ca₅[Al₂₂Si₂₆O₉₆](SO₄)₅Cl(CO₃)_x(H₂O)	5:1	trigonal	P31c	a = 12.892 c = 21.340				^[51]
Galeite	Na₁₅(SO₄)₅F₄Cl	5:1	trigonal		a = 12.17 c = 13.94	1788		Uniaxial (+)n_ω = 1.447n_ε = 1.449 Max birefringence: δ = 0.002
Nabokoite	KCu₇(SO₄)₅(Te⁴⁺O₃)OCl	5:1	Tetragonal		a = 9.84 Å, c = 20.52	1,986.86		n_ω = 1.778n_ε = 1.773 uniaxial (-)	^[52]
Schairerite	Na₂₁(SO₄)₇ClF₆	7:1	Trigonal		a = 12.17 c = 19.29	2,474	2.612	Uniaxial (+)n_ω = 1.440n_ε = 1.445 Max birefringence: δ = 0.005	^[53]
Hanksite	Na₂₂K(SO₄)₉(CO₃)₂Cl	9:1	Hexagonal	P 6₃/m	a = 10.4896 c = 21.2415	2024.1			^[54]
Sacrofanite	(Na₆₁K₁₉Ca₃₂)(Si₈₄Al₈₄O₃₃₆)(SO₄)₂₆Cl₂F₆•2H₂O	26:2	hexagonal	P62c	a = 12.86 c = 72.24 Z=14	10,346	2.423	Uniaxial (-)n_ω = 1.505n_ε = 1.486 Max birefringence:δ = 0.019	^[55]

Artificial

[edit]

name	formula	ratio SO₄:Cl	system	space group	unit cell	volume	density	optical	references
'Ammonium-zinc-Kainite'	NH₄Zn(SO₄)Cl•3H₂O	1:1
nonasodium tetrakis(sulfate) chloride diperhydrate	Na₉[SO₄]₄Cl·2H₂O₂	4:1	tetragonal	P 4/n	MW=694.63 a=29.6829 b=29.6829 c=8.4018 Z=16	7402.6	2.493	colourless	^[56]
'zinc-Kainite'	KZn(SO₄)Cl•3H₂O	1:1						n=1.24	^[57]
	Li₂RbSO₄Cl	1:1	orthorhombic	P2₁2₁2₁	a=4.8465b=8.323c=14.004 Z=4	564.0	2.714		^[58]
indium sulfate chloride	In₂(SO₄)₃•InCl₃•(17±1)H₂O	3:3							^[59]
	Na₃Ca₂(SO₄)₃Cl	3:1	hexagonal	P6₃/m					^[60]
	Na₃Ca₂(SO₄)₃Cl	3:1	orthorhombic >897K						^[61]
	Na₃Cd₂(SO₄)₃Cl	3:1	hexagonal	P6₃/m					^[60]
	Na₃Cd₂(SO₄)₃Cl	3:1	monoclinic >494K						^[61]
	K₃Ca₂(SO₄)₃Cl	3:1							^[62]
	K₃Pb₂(SO₄)₃Cl	3:1							^[63]
	K₄Sb(SO₄)₃Cl	3:1	noncentrosymmetric					non-linear optic high birefringence.	^[64]
Calcium chlorosulfatosilicate	Ca₁₀(SiO₄)₃(SO₄)₃Cl₂	3:2	hexagonal		a=9.688 c=6.849			monoaxial,(-) , N_o = 1.665, N_e' = 1.659	^[65]
	[Fe₂Al₄(OH)₁₁](SO₄)₃Cl	3:1
Lithium gordaite	LiZn₄(OH)₆(SO₄)Cl·6H₂O	1:1			?c=17.84				^[66]
	K₃Sn₂(SO₄)₃Cl	3:1						stable to 440 °C	^[67]
	Rb₃Sn₂(SO₄)₂Cl₃	2:3	monoclinic	C2/m	a=21.153 b=5.1751 c= 6.9327β =95.844 Z=2	754.97	3.485	stable to 350 °C	^[67]
	(NH₄)SbCl₂(SO₄)	1:2	orthorhombic	P2₁2₁2₁	a=6.3616 b=7.3110 c=15.827 Z=2	736.13	2.768	colourless SHG 1.7×KDP	^[68]
	(NH₄)₂SbCl(SO₄)₂	2:1	orthorhombic	Pnma	a=8.6044 b=16.5821 c=7.1007 Z=2	1013.1	2.527	colourless	^[68]
	RbSbSO₄Cl₂	1:2	orthorhombic	P2₁2₁2₁	a=6.3469 b=7.4001 c=15.7798 Z=2	741.14	3.353	SHG 2.7×KDP	^[69]
	Cs₃Sn₂(SO₄)₂Cl₃	2:3	monoclinic	C2/m	a=22.222 b=5.1992 c= 7.2661β =97.030 Z=2	833.17	3.725	stable to 190 °C	^[67]
gadolinium chloride sulfate	GdClSO₄	1:1	monoclinic	P2₁/c	a = 9.437 6.5759 6.8005 β = 104.87 Z=4				^[70]
	[Hf₁₈O₁₀(OH)₂₆(SO₄)_12.7(H₂O)₂₀]Cl_0.6·nH₂O		hexagonal	P6₃/m	a=33.924 c=17.3577 Z=6	17096	3.474		^[71]
	KBiCl₂SO₄	1:2	orthorhombic	P2₁2₁2₁	a= 7.2890 b=6.3673 c=15.3306 Z=4	711.51	3.875	band gap 3.95 eV	^[72]
	RbBiCl₂SO₄	1:2	orthorhombic	P2₁2₁2₁	a= 6.3352 b=7.4450 c=15.5302 Z=4	732.49	4.184	colourless NLO SHG	^[73]
	NH₄BiCl₂SO₄	1:2	orthorhombic	P2₁2₁2₁	a=7.3845 b=6.3593 c=15.5636 Z=4	730.87	3.581	colourless NLO SHG	^[73]
bismuth guanidinium dichloride sulfate	[C(NH₂)₃]BiCl₂SO₄	1:2	triclinic	P1	a=6.4179b=12.8984c=12.9703α=61.965°β=88.400°γ=76.935° Z=2	919.33	3.150	birefringence 0.143@546 nm	^[74]
Tripotassium dibismuth pentachloride dioxide disulfate	K₃Bi₂Cl₅O₂(SO₄)₂	2:5	triclinic	P1	a=6.513 b=7.2500 c=10.7916 al=82.500 be=83.742 ga=82.100	485.89		band gap 3.62 eV	^[75]
	K₄[(NpO₂)(SO₄)₂]Cl	2:1	monoclinic	P2/n	a=10.0873 b=4.5354 c=14.3518 β=103.383 Z=2	638.76	3.395	light green	^[76]
	Rb₄[(NpO₂)(SO₄)₂]Cl	2:1	monoclinic	P2/n	a=10.5375 b=4.6151 c=16.068 β=103.184 Z=2	599.33	3.982	light green	^[76]
complexes
	[Pt₂(SO₄)₄Cl(H₂O)]^3-	4:1							^[77]
	Hf(SO₄)₂Cl⁻	2:1							^[78]

Some "chloride sulfates" are sold as solutions in water and used for water treatment. These include ferric chloride sulfate and polyaluminium sulfate chloride.^[79]^[80] The solutions may also be called "chlorosulfates" even though they do not contain a chlorosulfate group.^[81]^[82]

References

[edit]

^"Arzrunite: Mineral information, data and localities".www.mindat.org. Retrieved2020-06-19.
^"Connellite: Mineral information, data and localities".www.mindat.org. Retrieved2020-06-19.
^"Chlorothionite: Mineral information, data and localities".www.mindat.org. Retrieved2020-06-19.
^"Sundiusite: Mineral information, data and localities".www.mindat.org. Retrieved2020-06-19.
^"Mammothite: Mineral information, data and localities".www.mindat.org. Retrieved2020-06-19.
^"Unnamed (Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydroxide): Mineral information, data and localities".www.mindat.org. Retrieved2020-06-19.
^"Tatarskite: Mineral information, data and localities".www.mindat.org. Retrieved2020-05-15.
^Demartin, F.; Castellano, C.; Campostrini, I. (February 2014)."Therasiaite, (NH 4 ) 3 KNa 2 Fe 2+ Fe 3+ (SO 4 ) 3 Cl 5 , a new sulfate chloride from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian islands, Italy".Mineralogical Magazine.78 (1):203–213.Bibcode:2014MinM...78..203D.doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.1.14.ISSN 0026-461X.S2CID 101488742.
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^"Symesite: Mineral information, data and localities".www.mindat.org. Retrieved2020-06-19.
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^Baig, N.; Dhoble, N. S.; Park, K.; Kokode, N. S.; Dhoble, S. J. (June 2015)."Enhanced luminescence and white light emission from Eu 3+ -co-doped K 3 Ca 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Cl:Dy 3+ phosphor with near visible ultraviolet excitation for white LEDs: Eu 3+ -co-doped K 3 Ca 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Cl:Dy 3+ phosphor".Luminescence.30 (4):479–484.doi:10.1002/bio.2763.PMID 25223265.
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^Yue, Zeng-Hao; Lu, Zhen-Tao; Xue, Huai-Guo; Guo, Sheng-Ping (2019-07-03)."KBiCl 2 SO 4 : The First Bismuth Chloride Sulfate Being Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Active".Crystal Growth & Design.19 (7):3843–3850.Bibcode:2019CrGrD..19.3843Y.doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00291.ISSN 1528-7483.S2CID 197197739.
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