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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682130 |
| Routes of administration | Topical cream, by mouth |
| Drug class | Antibiotic (sulfonamide)[1] |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Protein binding | 38-48%[1] |
| Metabolism | Liver (acetylation)[1] |
| Eliminationhalf-life | 7-17 hours[1] |
| Excretion | Urine[1] |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
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| DrugBank |
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| UNII | |
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| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard(EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.623 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C10H10N4O2S |
| Molar mass | 250.28 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 252 to 256 °C (486 to 493 °F) |
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Sulfadiazine is anantibiotic.[1] Used together withpyrimethamine, adihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is the treatment of choice fortoxoplasmosis, which is caused by a protozoan parasite.[3] It is a second-line treatment forotitis media, prophylaxis ofrheumatic fever,chancroid,chlamydia, and infections byHaemophilus influenzae.[1] It is also used as adjunct therapy for chloroquine-resistant malaria and several forms of bacterial meningitis.[4] It is taken by mouth.[1] Sulfadiazine is available in multiple generic tablets of 500 mg. For urinary tract infections, the usual dose is 4 to 6 grams daily in 3 to 6 divided doses.[4]
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, fever, rash, depression, andpancreatitis.[1] It should not be used in people who have severe liver problems, kidney problems, orporphyria.[3] If used duringpregnancy, it may increase the risk ofkernicterus in the baby.[1] While the company that makes it does not recommend use duringbreastfeeding, use is believed to be safe if the baby is otherwise healthy.[2] It is in thesulfonamide class of medications.[1]
Sulfadiazine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1941.[1][5] It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] Sulfadiazine is available as ageneric medication.[1]
It eliminatesbacteria that cause infections by stopping the production offolate inside the bacterial cell, and is commonly used to treaturinary tract infections and burns.
In combination, sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine can be used to treat toxoplasmosis, the disease caused byToxoplasma gondii.
Sulfadiazine is used inplant research forselecting and maintaining genetically manipulated cells.[7]
Sulfadiazine works by inhibiting the enzymedihydropteroate synthetase.
Side effects reported for sulfadiazine includenausea,loss of appetite,dizziness, gastrointestinal upset, rash and fever.[4]
This drug is sold branded as Lantrisul, Neotrizine, Sulfadiazine, Sulfaloid, Sulfonamides Duplex and Sulfose.
"Triple sulfa" (ortrisulfapyrimidines) is a name often given to a combination of sulfadiazine withsulfamerazine andsulfamethazine. This is marketed under brand names such as Sulfa-Triple #2, Terfonyl, Triple Sulfa, Triple Sulfas and Triple Sulfoid.
