Suifenhe 绥芬河市 | |
|---|---|
  .jpg)   Clockwise from top: Suifenhe Railway Station, Da Guangming Temple, "National Gate" on theChina–Russia border, downtown Suifenhe, Central Square | |
 Suifenhe in Mudanjiang | |
  Suifenhe Location in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates (Suifenhe municipal government):44°24′45″N131°09′06″E / 44.4124°N 131.1518°E /44.4124; 131.1518 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Mudanjiang |
| Township-level divisions | 2 towns |
| Municipal seat | Suifenhe Town (绥芬河镇) |
| Area | |
• Total | 460 km2 (180 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 464 m (1,522 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 100,000 |
| • Density | 220/km2 (560/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 157300 |
| Area code | 0453 |
| Climate | Dwb |
| Website | suifenhe |
| Suifenhe | |||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 绥芬河 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 綏芬河 | ||||||||
| Postal | Suifenho | ||||||||
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Suifenhe (Chinese:绥芬河) is acounty-level city in southeasternHeilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located where the formerChinese Eastern Railway crossesthe border withRussia's town ofPogranichny,Primorsky Krai. In January 2014, Suifenhe became the only Chinese city in which trading withRussian Ruble is officially allowed.[1][2] The city shares its name with theSuifen River, and is under the administration ofMudanjiang Prefecture-level City.
Suifenhe and the surrounding border areas were scenes of vicious combat when the Soviet UnioninvadedJapanese-occupied Manchuria in August 1945.
Suifenhe has amonsoon-influencedhumid continental climate (KöppenDwb), with long, very cold, but dry winters, and warm, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperatures range from −16.1 °C (3.0 °F) in January to 19.3 °C (66.7 °F) in July, and the annual mean is +3.17 °C (37.7 °F). Precipitation is light in the winter, and more than 2/3 of the year's precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 44% in July to 64% in January and February, the city receives 2,413 hours of bright sunshine annually, with the latter half of winter being especially sunny.
| Climate data for Suifenhe, elevation 568 m (1,864 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.1 (41.2) | 10.0 (50.0) | 17.0 (62.6) | 28.2 (82.8) | 31.7 (89.1) | 33.9 (93.0) | 35.3 (95.5) | 34.4 (93.9) | 29.6 (85.3) | 27.1 (80.8) | 17.5 (63.5) | 8.2 (46.8) | 35.3 (95.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −10.5 (13.1) | −6.0 (21.2) | 1.3 (34.3) | 11.2 (52.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 22.1 (71.8) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.2 (75.6) | 19.5 (67.1) | 11.6 (52.9) | 0.0 (32.0) | −8.7 (16.3) | 9.0 (48.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.7 (3.7) | −11.6 (11.1) | −4.1 (24.6) | 5.2 (41.4) | 11.7 (53.1) | 16.4 (61.5) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.1 (66.4) | 13.3 (55.9) | 5.5 (41.9) | −5.0 (23.0) | −13.5 (7.7) | 3.4 (38.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −19.8 (−3.6) | −16.3 (2.7) | −9.1 (15.6) | −0.6 (30.9) | 5.7 (42.3) | 11.1 (52.0) | 15.4 (59.7) | 14.9 (58.8) | 7.8 (46.0) | 0.2 (32.4) | −9.2 (15.4) | −17.4 (0.7) | −1.4 (29.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −33.4 (−28.1) | −31.0 (−23.8) | −24.1 (−11.4) | −13.0 (8.6) | −4.3 (24.3) | 0.4 (32.7) | 6.9 (44.4) | 3.6 (38.5) | −6.7 (19.9) | −15.4 (4.3) | −27.6 (−17.7) | −32.3 (−26.1) | −33.4 (−28.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 8.4 (0.33) | 7.0 (0.28) | 17.1 (0.67) | 31.4 (1.24) | 76.7 (3.02) | 93.6 (3.69) | 124.7 (4.91) | 128.6 (5.06) | 68.7 (2.70) | 39.8 (1.57) | 22.9 (0.90) | 10.5 (0.41) | 629.4 (24.78) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.0 | 5.3 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 14.3 | 15.0 | 15.5 | 15.0 | 10.8 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 122.8 |
| Average snowy days | 9.0 | 8.7 | 12.1 | 7.3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 3.3 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 61.7 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 65 | 59 | 57 | 54 | 64 | 78 | 84 | 84 | 75 | 61 | 63 | 66 | 68 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 175.4 | 188.3 | 216.7 | 200.3 | 215.8 | 209.9 | 192.8 | 193.4 | 217.4 | 203.9 | 161.2 | 155.1 | 2,330.2 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 61 | 64 | 58 | 49 | 47 | 45 | 41 | 45 | 59 | 61 | 57 | 57 | 54 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[3][4][5] | |||||||||||||
Suifenhe administers twotowns:[6][7]
Suifenhe is also a terminus of bothG10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway andChina National Highway 301, which run northwest toManzhouli (Inner Mongolia), which is another China–Russia port-of-entry.
Suifenhe is one of the points where China's and Russia's railway systems connect through a rail border crossing on theSino-Russian border. The rail line was originally constructed as theChinese Eastern Railway in the early 20th century, but now serves as the terminus of theHarbin-Suifenhe Railway. The train station on the opposite side of the border is Grodekovo, in the town ofPogranichny,Primorsky Krai.
As of December 2009, Russian train schedule sites show the existence of the passenger train no. 401, making the 26-km trip between Suifenhe and Grodekovo twice a week; however, the twice-a-week trains no. 006,Khabarovsk–Harbin, and no. 967,Vladivostok–Harbin only have a scheduled stop in Grodekovo and not in Suifenhe.[8]
The cross-border rail line is important for freight transportation. As of 2015, the main cargo entering China from Russia over this railway crossing isiron ore; at 1.3 million tons over the first 5 months of the year, it constitutes about 1/3 of the total import cargo volume.[9]
TheG10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway andChina National Highway 301, which terminates at Suifenhe is connected via a road border crossing to Russia's A184 Highway. The nearest city to the crossing on the Russian side isPogranichny.
Suifenhe Dongning Airport opened on 28 December 2024.[10]
