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Sugarloaf seen from Urca hill.Sugarloaf view from Botafogo beachSunrise in Rio de Janeiro with Sugarloaf Mountain, as seen fromTijuca Forest
Sugarloaf Mountain (Portuguese:Pão de Açúcar,pronounced[ˈpɐ̃wd(ʒi)aˈsukaʁ]) is a peak situated inRio de Janeiro, Brazil, on apeninsula at the mouth ofGuanabara Bay. Rising 396 m (1,299 ft) above the harbor,[1] the peak is named for its resemblance to the traditional shape of concentrated refinedloaf sugar. It is known worldwide for itscableway and panoramic views of the city and beyond.
The mountain is one of severalmonolithicgranite andquartz mountains that rise straight from the water's edge aroundRio de Janeiro.[2] Geologically, it is considered part of a family of steep-sided rock outcroppings known asbornhardts.[3][4]
The name Sugarloaf was coined in the 16th century by thePortuguese during the heyday ofsugarcane trade in Brazil due to sugar imports from the Portuguese conquest ofGoa, according to historianVieira Fazenda. Blocks of sugar were placed in conical molds made ofclay to be transported on ships. The form of the peak reminded them of the well-known resulting "sugarloaf" shape, and the nickname has since been extended to be a general descriptor for formations of this kind.[6]
A glass-walledcable car (bondinho or, more formally,teleférico), capable of holding 65 people, runs along a 1,400 m (4,600 ft) route between the peaks of Sugarloaf and Morro daUrca every 20 minutes. The original cable car line was built in 1912 and rebuilt around 1972–73 and in 2008. The cable car goes from a ground station, at the base ofMorro da Babilônia, to Morro da Urca and thence to Sugarloaf's summit.
To reach the summit, passengers take two cable cars. The first ascends to the shorter Morro da Urca, 220 m (722 ft) high. The second car ascends to Pão de Açúcar.[7] The Swiss-made bubble-shaped cars offer passengers 360° views of the surrounding city.[8] The ascent takes three minutes.[9][clarification needed]
1907 – Brazilian engineerAugusto Ferreira Ramos had the idea of linking the hills through a path in the air.
1910 – The same engineer founded the Society of Sugar Loaf and the same year the works were started. The project was commissioned in Germany and built by Brazilian workers. All parts were taken by climbing mountains or lifted by steel cables.
1912 – Opening of the cableway, the first in Brazil and the third of this kind worldwide;[10] the first cable cars were made of coated wood and were used for 61 years.
1973 – The current models of cars were put into operation. This increased the carrying capacity by almost ten times.
2009 – Inauguration of the next generation of cable cars that had already been purchased and are on display at the base of Red Beach
2020 – Closed in March[11] and reopened in August[12][13]
Panoramic view of Rio de Janeiro andNiterói (right) from Sugarloaf
There arerock climbing routes on Sugarloaf that are mostlymultipitch and are a mixture ofsport andtrad.[14] There are also two other mountains in the area with technical rock climbing,Morro da Babilônia[15] and Morro da Urca.[16] Together, they form one of the largest urban climbing areas in the world, with more than 270 routes, between 1 and 10pitches long.
View of Sugarloaf from the Silvestre road, c. 1823. Painting byCharles Landseer.
EmperorPedro I of Brazil (also King of Portugal as Pedro IV) withhis crown and the Sugarloaf in the background, c. 1825
Sugarloaf and theNossa Senhora da Glória do Outeiro (Our Lady of the Glory of the Hill) church as seen from the neighborhood ofGlória, c. 1846. Painting byEduard Hildebrandt.
^Lonely Planet: Rio de Janeiro, page 76, Ricardo Gomes, John Maier Jr et al., 2006, Lonely Planet Publications,ISBN1-74059-910-1
^"Highlights of Rio de Janeiro".Insight Guides. The mighty Sugar Loaf Mountain (Pão de Açúcar).Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved1 April 2024.
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