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Asubsidiary title is atitle of authority ortitle of honour that is held by aroyal ornoble person but which is not regularly used to identify that person, due to the concurrent holding of a greater title.
An example in the United Kingdom is theDuke of Norfolk, who is also theEarl of Arundel, theEarl of Surrey, theEarl of Norfolk, theBaron Beaumont, theBaron Maltravers, the Baron FitzAlan, the Baron Clun, the Baron Oswaldestre, and theBaron Howard of Glossop. In everyday usage, the individual who holds all of these titles would be referred to only by the most senior title (in this case, Duke of Norfolk), while all of the other titles would be subsidiary titles.
Theheir apparent to aduke,marquess orearl may use any subsidiary title of that peer (usually the most senior) as acourtesy title, provided that it does not cause confusion. For example, the Duke of Norfolk's heir apparent is known as "Earl of Arundel" (without thedefinite article). However, the heir does not technically become the Earl of Arundel (as asubstantive title) until his father's death, and he remains legally acommoner until then.[1]
If a subsidiary peerage has the same name as a higher peerage, it is not used as a courtesy title, in order to avoid any confusion. For example, theDuke of Manchester is also the Earl of Manchester, but his heir apparent is styled "Viscount Mandeville", this being the duke's highest subsidiary title that does not contain the name "Manchester".
Before theHouse of Lords Act 1999, which abolished the automatic right ofhereditary peers to sit in theHouse of Lords, an heir apparent could be summoned to the Lords, before the current title holder's death, by awrit of acceleration – that is, by accelerating the inheritance of a junior title (usually abarony). For example, a writ of acceleration could have been used to cause a courtesy Earl of Arundel to inherit the Maltravers barony prematurely, whereupon he would gain that as a substantive title and could join the House of Lords as Lord Maltravers.
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