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| Grappling hold | |
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Agrappling hold, commonly referred to simply as ahold that inJapanese is referred to askatame-waza (固め技 "grappling technique"), is any specificgrappling,wrestling,judo, or othermartial art grip that is applied to an opponent. Grappling holds are used principally to control the opponent and to advance in points orpositioning. The holds may be categorized by their function, such asclinching,pinning, orsubmission, while others can be classified by theiranatomical effect:chokehold, headlock,joint-lock, orcompression lock. Multiple categories may be appropriate for some of these holds.
Aclinch hold (also known as aclinching hold) is a grappling hold that is used inclinch fighting with the purpose of controlling the opponent. In wrestling it is referred to as the tie-up. The use of a clinch hold results in theclinch. Clinch holds can be used to close in on the opponent, as a precursor to atakedown orthrow, or to prevent the opponent from moving away orstriking effectively. Typical clinch holds include:
Apinning hold (also known as ahold down and inJapanese asosaekomi-waza, 抑え込み技, "pinning technique") is a general grappling hold used inground fighting that is aimed to subdue by exerting superior control over an opponent and pinning the opponent to the ground. Pinning holds where both of the opponent's shoulders touch the ground are considered winning conditions in severalcombat sports.
An effective pinning hold is a winning condition in many styles ofwrestling, and is known as simply a "pin". Pinning holds maintained for 20 seconds are also a winning condition injudo. Pinning holds are also used insubmission wrestling andmixed martial arts, even though the pinning hold itself is not a winning condition. The holds can be used to rest while the opponent tries to escape, to control the opponent whilestriking, a tactic known asground and pound, or to control an opponent from striking by pinning them to the ground, also known as lay and pray.
Incombat sports asubmission hold (colloquially referred to as a "submission") is a grappling hold that is applied with the purpose of forcing an opponent tosubmit out of either extreme pain or fear of injury. Submission holds are used primarily inground fighting and can be separated intoconstrictions (chokeholds,compression locks, suffocation locks) andmanipulations (joint locks,leverages,pain compliance holds). When incorrectly used, these techniques may causedislocation, tornligaments,bone fractures,unconsciousness, or evendeath.
Commoncombat sports featuring submission holds are:
The same hold may be called by different names in different arts or countries. Some of the more common names for grappling holds in contemporary English include:
Joint lock: Any stabilization of one or morejoints at their normal extreme range of motion
Armlock: A general term forjoint locks at the elbow orshoulder
Leglock: A general term forjoint locks at thehip,knee, orankle
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