Strumień | |
|---|---|
 Town square | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Strumień | |
| Coordinates:49°55′2″N18°45′49″E / 49.91722°N 18.76361°E /49.91722; 18.76361 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Silesian |
| County | Cieszyn |
| Gmina | Strumień |
| Founded | 13th century |
| First mentioned | 1407 |
| Town rights | 1482 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Anna Agnieszka Grygierek |
| Area | |
• Total | 6.45 km2 (2.49 sq mi) |
| Population (2019-06-30[1]) | |
• Total | 3,718 |
| • Density | 580/km2 (1,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 43-246 |
| Car plates | SCI |
| Website | http://www.strumien.pl |
Strumień[ˈstrumʲɛɲ] ⓘ (German:Schwarzwasser,Czech:Strumeň,Silesian:Strumiyń) is a town and the seat ofGmina Strumień, inCieszyn County, in theSilesian Voivodeship (province) of southernPoland, on theVistula River.
It is located in the north-eastern part of the historical region ofCieszyn Silesia and is the smallest town in the county.
The name is of topographic origin and is derived from a local stream (now non-existent) first mentioned in 1293, known asCzarny Strumień (lit.black stream, thereforeSchwarzwasser in German).[2] It is not certain if the settlement already existed then as the village was first mentioned later in 1407 asSwarczenwassir.[3][2] Later the village was also mentioned asSwarczenwasser (1409),Strumienie (1450),na Strumyeny (1470),miesto Strumien (1491).[2] Politically it belonged then to theDuchy of Racibórz afee of theKingdom of Bohemia. During the political upheaval beginning in the 1470s caused byMatthias Corvinus the land aroundPszczyna with Strumień was overtaken byCasimir II, Duke of Cieszyn, who bestowed the village to his retainer, Mikołaj (Nicolaus) Brodecki, who quickly managed to procuretown rights for it in 1482. Casimir II soldPszczyna circle in 1517 but the town of Strumień stayed within the Duchy of Teschen. In 1526 the Kingdom of Bohemia became part of theHabsburg monarchy.
In 1573–1577 the town together withSkoczów and their surrounding villages were sold to Gottard von Logau, and formedstate country.[a] It was retrieved byAdam Wenceslaus in 1594.
Since 1653 it belonged toTeschener Kammer. AfterRevolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modernmunicipal division was introduced in the re-establishedAustrian Silesia. The town became a seat of alegal district in thepolitical district ofBielsko. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the town dropped from 1731 in 1880 to 1579 in 1910. In 1880 the majority of its inhabitants were native Polish-speakers (83.6%) followed by German-speakers (15.4%) and Czech-speakers (16 or 1%). In the next years the Polish-speaking population dropped down to 45% in 1910, whereas German-speaking citizens grew in number up to 54.5% in 1910, Czech-speaking persons dwindled to 8 or 0.5%. In terms of religion in 1910 majority wereRoman Catholics (1484 or 94%), followed byJews (67 or 4.2%) andProtestants (28 or 1.8%).[4][5] The town and especially its southern surroundings were also traditionally the northernmost area inhabited byCieszyn Vlachs, speakingCieszyn Silesian dialect. The growth of German language, thenprestigious language of the state, can be partially attributed to various reasons, includingcultural cringe of indigenous Slavic denizens.[6]
AfterWorld War I, fall ofAustria-Hungary,Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division ofCieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part ofPoland. Following theinvasion of Poland by theGerman army it wasannexed byNazi Germany at the beginning ofWorld War II (as Schwarzwasser again). After the war it was restored toPoland.
In 1975–1998 it was a part of theBielsko-Biała Voivodeship and since 1999 it belongs to Silesian Voivodeship.
Seetwin towns of Gmina Strumień.
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