Astructure relocation is the process of moving astructure from one location to another. There are two main ways for a structure to be moved: disassembling and then reassembling it at the required destination, or transporting it whole. For the latter, the building is firstraised and then may be pushed on temporary rails or dollies if the distance is short. Otherwise, wheels, such asflatbed trucks, are used. These moves can be complicated and require the removal of protruding parts of the building, such as thechimney, as well as obstacles along the journey, such asoverhead cables and trees.
Reasons for moving a building range from commercial reasons such as scenery to preserving an important or historic building. Moves may also be made simply at the whim of the owner, or to separate a building from the plot of land on which it stands.
Elevating a whole structure is typically done by attaching a temporary steel framework under the structure to support it. A network of hydraulic jacks is placed under the framework and controlled by a unified jacking system, elevating the structure off the foundation. An older, low-technology method is to use building jacks called screw jacks or jackscrews which are manually turned.
With both types of jacking systems, wood beams (called cribs, cribbing orbox cribs) are stacked into piles to support both the structure and the jacks. The structure is then lifted in increments. Once the structure is at a sufficient height, hydraulic dollies (or a flatbed truck) are placed under the supporting framework. These are used to move the structure to the new location. After the move, the steps are reversed and the structure is lowered.
![Relocation of an ALMA antenna.[1]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aRelocation_of_an_ALMA_antenna.jpg)
There are several reasons why a structure may be moved. For example, a redevelopment, such asurban regeneration, could cause a relocation. The buyer of a building may wish to move it to a new location, or the owner might sell the land that the building is on while keeping the building.[2]
Another reason for the relocation of a building is to preserve it for historic interest. An example of such preservation is theLin An Tai Historical House inTaiwan. Such a move could be made because a building is in danger at its present location.[3]
On the island ofChiloe, inChile, there is a tradition of moving houses if the original site is haunted.[4] The house is placed on tree trunk rollers and dragged to the new location by oxen.[5]
London'sMarble Arch (1847) was originally the entrance to the newly rebuiltBuckingham Palace. Following the expansion of Buckingham Palace, it was dismantled and rebuilt at a location nearHyde Park, with work being completed in 1851.[6][7]
In order to save a single tree,Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first President of theRepublic of Turkey, moved the future location of his summer house, theYalova Atatürk Mansion, four meters to the east in 1936.[8]
Between 12 October and 14 November 1930, the 8-story, 11,000 tonIndiana Bell building, the headquarters of the Indiana Bell telecommunications company, was shifted 52 feet south, rotated 90 degrees, then another 100 feet west. The city's telephone operations continued uninterrupted during the course of the building's relocation.[9][10]
In 1950 the Compania Telefónica de Mexico (Telephone Company of Mexico) building located in the city of Guadalajara was moved 11.8 meters without any interruption of telephone operations. Building weights 1,700 metric tons. The project started in May and ended in November 1950. The building movement itself took 5 days. Head of the project was Jorge Matute Remus,[11] construction engineer and headmaster of the Universidad De Guadalajara at the time.
In September 1959 a 280 metres tall guyed radio mast of Europe 1 longwave transmitter in Felsberg-Berus, Germany was moved 102 metres northwards in order to realize a better radiation pattern of the transmitter. This was perhaps the tallest object ever moved on land[4]
One of Europe's oldest dwelling houses inExeter, United Kingdom,[12][13] was relocated in 1961 to make way for abypass road.[14] The 15th century wooden framed building was moved on rails around 100 yards (91 m) up a 1:10 hill, and became known asThe House That Moved.[15]
The Cudecom Building in Bogotá, Colombia (Weight 7,000 Metric Tons, Distance Moved: 95 Feet); was moved in October 1974 using Steel Rollers. The 8 story building was moved westward to build an avenue. The move of the Cudecom Building was in the Guinness Book of World Records for 30 years.Moving Cudecom Building Part 1Moving Cudecom Building Part 2
TheGem Theatre andCentury Theatre, both housed within the same building inDetroit, were moved five blocks on wheels to its new location at 333 Madison Avenue on 16 October 1997, because of the development of theComerica Park area when it became home of theDetroit Tigers. At a distance of 563 meters (1,847 feet) it is the furthest known relocation of a sizable building setting a world record byExpert House Movers, LLC.[16]
Structure relocation was common in the 1980s inRomania because ofCeausescu's building projects. Many buildings, including churches and older apartment blocks used to be relocated using hydraulics. One of the most notable feats achieved was on 27 May 1987, when a whole apartment block weighing 7600 Tonnes was split in half and completely relocated, with people left inside, with no damage whatsoever. As of this day the building still stands, and it was one of the most challenging relocations in the whole world. EngineerEugeniu Iordachescu moved 29 buildings (from which 13 were churches) during his career. (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutarea_cl%C4%83dirilor_%C8%99i_structurilor)
As part of theMinnesota Shubert Performing Arts and Education Center development, the Shubert Theatre was moved between 9 February 1999 and 21 February 1999. The 2,638tonne (2,596short ton) building was moved threecity blocks and is the heaviest recorded building move done on wheels.[17]
The 850 tonneBelle Tout Lighthouse was built in 1831 near the edge of the cliff on the next headland west fromBeachy Head,East Sussex, England. It was moved more than 17 metres (56 feet) further inland in 1999 due to clifferosion. It was pushed by fourhydraulic jacks along four steel and concrete beams to a new site that was designed specifically to allow for possible future relocations.[18]
In 1999, the 208-foot (63 m) tall, 2540-tonneCape Hatteras Lighthouse was moved 2,900 feet (880 m) to protect it from being undermined bybeach erosion. When theNorth Carolinalighthouse was built in 1870, it was over 1,500 feet (460 m) from thesea, but by 1935 the beach had eroded and the waves were only 100 feet (30 m) away. Starting in 1930, many efforts to halt the erosion were attempted, including adding over a million cubic yards of loose sand, massivesandbags, and steel and concrete walls. After nearly 70 years it became apparent that fighting the erosion was a never-ending battle, and the decision was made to move the lighthouse away from the sea.
The 3,200-year-oldStatue of Ramesses II inCairo was moved on 25 August 2006 fromRamses Square to a newmuseum site. Thestatue was slowly being damaged bypollution and was in an area where it was difficult for people to visit. The move of the statue, which measures 11 metres (36 feet) high and weighs around 83 tonnes (91 short tons) was broadcast live on Egyptian television. Transported whole on the back of two trucks, the statue had previously been cut into eight pieces when it was moved from its excavation site in the mid-1950s.[19]
In June 2008,Hamilton Grange National Memorial, the 1802 home ofAlexander Hamilton inNew York City, was relocated from a cramped lot on Convent Avenue to a more spacious setting facing West 141st Street in nearbySt. Nicholas Park, where it is currently undergoing a completerestoration. It is actually the second time the 298-ton mansion has been moved. In 1889, it was relocated from its original site on West 143rd Street to a church's property two blocks away.
The Nathaniel Lieb House (1969), by architectRobert Venturi, was moved by barge fromLong Beach Island, New Jersey toGlen Cove, New York in 2009.[20]
In April 2013, due to construction works on Fuzuli Street the House of famous Baku millionaire, Isa bey Hajinski, inBaku (Azerbaijan), which was built in 1908, was moved 10 m to protect it as historical and architectural monument. The weight of this building is 18,000 tonnes. It was the heaviest building in the world ever moved.[21]
The William Walker House, built circa 1904, was relocated 500 feet when the new owner,Thomas Tull, decided to preserve the home instead of demolishing it. The move took place in August 2016. The house was designed by architectsLongfellow, Alden & Harlow.[22][23]
On 21 December 2016 part of theBelleview-Biltmore Hotel was relocated and placed on a new foundation where it will be converted into an inn with event space, an ice cream parlor, and a history room.[24]
Beginning in 1983,Shipcarpenter Square inLewes, Delaware, is an historic residential development in which entire homes from centuries past were re-located to a common residential neighborhood. The development consists of approximately 40 homes that were relocated whole.[25]
.jpg)
.JPG)
.JPG)
TheWarder Mansion, the only surviving Washington, D.C. building by architectH. H. Richardson, was saved from demolition in 1923 byGeorge Oakley Totten Jr. Totten bought the exterior stone – except the main doorway, which reportedly went to theSmithsonian Institution – and much of the interior woodwork, and transported it, piece by piece, in hisModel T Ford. He reassembled the building about 1.5 miles north of its original site and converted it into an apartment house.[26]
In 1925, Thomas C. Williams Jr. bought a 15th-centuryTudormanor house,Agecroft Hall, which stood by theRiver Irwell inPendlebury, England. The hall was disassembled, crated and transported toRichmond, Virginia, where it was reassembled as the centrepiece of a Tudor estate on the banks of theJames River.[27] The 16th-centuryWarwick Priory inWarwick, England was bought byAlexander and Virginia Weddell in 1926 and relocated in the same manner. ArchitectHenry G. Morse oversaw both moves. He designed additions to the reassembled priory, inspired bySulgrave Manor andWormleighton Manor. The expanded building was renamedVirginia House, and stands next door to Agecroft Hall.
Newspaper magnateWilliam Randolph Hearst purchased and attempted to relocate twoCistercianmonasteries during his travels inSpain, but neither was completed during his lifetime. The first was built about 1141 and found abandoned by Hearst in 1925. He purchased the ruin and attempted to ship it to his home inCalifornia,San Simeon. The crates, however, were detained by customs officials inNew York City, and due to his deteriorating finances during theGreat Depression, Hearst was unable to complete the shipment. The stones were purchased in 1951 and reassembled inFlorida as a tourist attraction. In 1964, the building was purchased by a localEpiscopal diocese and restored to its original purpose as theChurch of St. Bernard de Clairvaux.[28]
Hearst's second attempt at relocating a monastery was in 1931 when he found the closed Santa Maria de Ovila monastery, built around 1200. He purchased the structure, disassembled it and successfully shipped it toSan Francisco, but was unable to rebuild the monastery. Hearst eventually gave the stones to the city of San Francisco, where they sat for decades inGolden Gate Park. Eventually, some of the stones were acquired by theAbbey of New Clairvaux in Vina, California, where they are currently being reconstructed;[29] others are now being used as decorative accents in theSan Francisco Botanical Garden.
Abu Simbel is anarchaeological site comprising two massive rocktemples completed in 1244BCE, on the western bank of theNile in southernEgypt. Construction of theAswan High Dam would have submerged the temples beneath the waters ofLake Nasser. In 1959, an international donation campaign began to save the monuments ofNubia: the southernmost relics of this ancient human civilization. The salvage of the Abu Simbel temples began in 1964, and cost US$80 million. Between 1964 and 1968, the entire site was cut into large blocks, dismantled and reassembled in a new location – 65 m higher and 200 m back from the river, in what many consider one of the greatest feats of archaeological engineering. Today, thousands of tourists visit the temples daily. Guarded convoys of buses and cars depart twice a day fromAswan, the nearest city. Many visitors also arrive by plane, at an airfield that was specially constructed for the temple complex.
On 18 April 1968,John Rennie'sLondon Bridge (which had replaced the original bridge in 1831) was sold to the American entrepreneurRobert P. McCulloch ofMcCulloch Oil for the sum of $2,460,000. The bridge was reconstructed atLake Havasu City, Arizona, and opened on 10 October 1971. Not all of the bridge was transported to America, as some were kept behind in lieu of tax duties. The version of London Bridge that was rebuilt at Lake Havasu consists of a concrete frame with stones from the old (but not the original) London Bridge used as cladding. It spans acanal that leads from Lake Havasu to Thomson Bay, and forms the centrepiece of atheme park in the English style, complete withmock-Tudorshopping mall. The bridge has become one ofArizona's biggest tourist attractions.[30]
The Old Wellington Inn (1552) and Sinclair's Oyster Bar, two ofManchester, England's oldest buildings, dating from the 16th century and 17th century respectively, had their foundations raised 4 feet 9 inches (1.45 m) when theShambles Square marketplace was refurbished in the 1960s.[31] They were in close proximity to the1996 Manchester bombing. As part of the rebuilding, they were disassembled and moved 100 m north to the new Shambles Square, next toManchester Cathedral.[32] Originally the two buildings comprised a single row, but they were rebuilt 90 degrees to each other and connected by new construction.
The formerlyGrade-I ListedMurray House inHong Kong (built 1844) was dismantled in 1982 to make way for theBank of China Tower. It was rebuilt brick-by-brick atStanley in 2000. The relocation process, nonetheless, was said to have failed to meet 'the international standard of preservation'. Certain architectural features, such as the chimneys and stone columns were lost and were replaced with features taken from other contemporary buildings. Much of the structure, furthermore, was reconstructed to be held up by an added steel-and-concrete core that which was not representative of how it once existed. The Grade-I listed status has thus since been withdrawn.[33]
Severalmuseums, particularlyopen-air museums, move historic buildings into their surroundings, with some dedicated to showing what life was like in previous centuries calledliving history.
Museums that have transported and reconstructed old buildings and structures include:
.jpg)
In the past, it was not uncommon that radio towers, free-standing as well as guyed, were dismantled and rebuilt at another site. In some cases, they were rebuilt just a few metres away from their original site, but in others far away from their original site. In first case, these towers were nearly all part of a directional antenna system for long- and medium-wave for which the regulations of directional patterns were changed and the best way to fulfill it, was to build either a new tower or to dismantle one tower and to rebuild it on the new site. It was also done that a tower was dismantled and then used for the upper parts of a new radio tower. This was done for example with the masts atSender Donebach in 1982 and with the wooden tower ofTransmitter Ismaning in 1934.After World War II some radio towers in former East Germany were dismantled by Soviet occupants and rebuilt in former Soviet Union, the most famous example herefore isGoliath transmitter.It is also common that electricity pylons are dismantled and rebuilt at a new site.Also small observation towers built of steel were sometimes dismantled for renovation and afterwards rebuilt.
The tallest structure ever relocated isBREN Tower. In 1959 a 280-metre-tall radio mast was relocated at Felsberg-Berus without dismantling.[citation needed]
Although smaller projects are usually paid for in cash, larger projects such as the relocation of a house to a new site are typically financed by banks. Finance is often a major problem faced by project managers as the house needs to be paid for prior to leaving its current site, but the lender for the project cannot take security over the house until it is complete and on the new site. This creates a short-term cashflow problem that unhinges many projects.
indiana bell building move 11,000 ton.