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Structure of the British Army

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Organisation of the British Army
This article is about the current organisation of theBritish Army. For the future organisation, seeFuture Soldier (British Army).

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The page contains the currentstructure of the British Army.[when?][citation needed]

TheBritish Army is directed by theChief of the General Staff (CGS), withinArmy Headquarters, which is located inAndover, Hampshire. Subordinate to the CGS, there is aCommander Field Army, located atTrenchard Lines, Wiltshire and a personnel and UK operations command,Home Command, located atAldershot Garrison, Hampshire.

Introduction

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Thecommand structure within the British Army is hierarchical; withdivisions andbrigades controlling groupings of units from an administrative perspective. Major units arebattalion-sized, with minor units beingcompany sized sub-units. In some regiments or corps, battalions are called regiments, and companies are calledsquadrons orbatteries, sub-divided intoplatoons ortroops. All units within the British Army service are either Regular (full-time) orArmy Reserve (full-time or part-time), or a combination with sub-units of each type.

Naming conventions of units differ for traditional Britishhistorical reasons, creating a significant opportunity for confusion; aninfantry battalion is equivalent to acavalry regiment. An infantry regiment is an administrative and ceremonial organisation only, and may include several battalions. For operational tasks, abattle group will be formed around a combat unit, supported by units or sub-units from other areas. An example would be a squadron of tanks attached to an armoured infantry battle group, together with areconnaissance troop,artillery battery, and engineering support.

Since the1957 Defence White Paper, which re-roled British forces in Germany in favour of nuclear weapons and the end ofNational Service, the size of the British Army has consistently shrunk. Since 1990, reductions have been almost constant, through succeeding defence reviews:Options for Change (1990),Front Line First (1994), theStrategic Defence Review (1998),Delivering Security in a Changing World (2003), theArmy 2020 Restructuring (2010), theArmy 2020 Refine (2015), andDefence in a Competitive Age (2021).

There were historically multiple types ofmilitary reserve forces. The oldest was theMilitia Force (also referred to as the 'Constitutional Force').[1] While the Reserve Forces units mostly lost their own identities, and became numberedTerritorial Force sub-units of regular British Army corps or regiments (the Home Militia had followed this path, with the Militia Infantry units becoming numbered battalions of British Army regiments, and the Militia Artillery integrating withinRoyal Artillery territorial divisions in1882 and1889, and becoming parts of theRoyal Field Artillery orRoyal Garrison Artillery in1902 (though retaining their traditional corps names), but was not merged into the Territorial Force when it was created in1908 (by the merger of the Yeomanry and Volunteer Force). The Militia was instead renamed the 'Special Reserve',[2][3][4] and was permanently suspended after theFirst World War (although a handful of Militia units survived in the United Kingdom, its colonies, and theCrown Dependencies).

Unlike the Home, Imperial Fortress, and Crown Dependency Militia and Volunteer units and forces that continued to exist after the First World War, although parts of the British military, most were not considered parts of theBritish Army[5][6] unless they received Army Funds (as was the case for theBermuda Militia Artillery and theBermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps),[7][8] which was generally only the case for those in theChannel Islands or the Imperial Fortress colonies:Nova Scotia (beforeCanadian Confederation),Bermuda,Gibraltar, andMalta).[9][10][11]

For all units, operational direction is viaPermanent Joint Headquarters. Elements within the regionally-aligned brigades may also report to anotherchain of command. When not dealing with operational commitments or mission-specific training (e.g. when conducting routine civilian engagement, ranges, or 'defence contribution to homeland resilience' (homeland defence)) they may report through a Regional Point of Command (RPOC) to HeadquartersRegional Command at Andover.[12] Therefore, it may not always be apparent as to which Headquarters a given unit is working to, and care should be taken to establish the correct chain of command for any engagement.

Army Headquarters

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Through a major army reorganisation, effective 1 November 2011, theChief of the General Staff took direct command of the Army through a new structure, based atAndover and known as 'Army Headquarters'.[13]

Reporting to the Chief of the General Staff are fourlieutenant-generals: theDeputy Chief of the General Staff (DCGS), theCommander Home Command (CHC), theCommander Allied Rapid Reaction Corps and theCommander Field Army (CFA). The CFA is responsible for generating and preparing forces for current and contingency operations; they command1st (United Kingdom) Division,3rd (United Kingdom) Division, andJoint Aviation Command (JAC).[14]

Graphic overview

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Organization of the British Army as of January 2026 (click to enlarge)

Allied Rapid Reaction Corps

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Allied Rapid Reaction Corps organization as of January 2026 (click to enlarge)

Headquarters,Allied Rapid Reaction Corps, atImjin Barracks, Innsworth[15]

1st Aviation Brigade

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1st Military Police Brigade

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1st Signal Brigade

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2nd Medical Group

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7th Air Defence Group

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8 Engineer Brigade

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104 Theatre Sustainment Brigade

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Field Army

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See also:Commander Field Army

Field Army gainedinitial operating capability (IOC) on 30 November 2015, and was formed as a result of the 2015 Army Command Review. The Commander Field Army commands all the formations of the British Army's forces for operational tasks, its collective training, and tactical doctrine organisations, and includes the vast majority of the Army's fighting equipment.[22]

The units under Field Army are:

1st (UK) Division

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1st (UK) Division organization as of January 2026 (click to enlarge)

1st (UK) Division Information Manoeuvre Units

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  • 1st (UK) Division Information Manoeuvre Units, inYork[23]
    • 1 Military Intelligence Battalion,Intelligence Corps, at Bourlon Barracks, Catterick Garrison
    • 5 Military Intelligence Battalion, Intelligence Corps, in Edinburgh (Army Reserve)
    • 2 Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals, at Imphal Barracks, York (provides support to the 1st (UK) Division)
    • 37 Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals, inRedditch (Army Reserve)

4th Light Brigade

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7th Light Mechanised Brigade

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16 Air Assault Brigade

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16 Air Assault Brigade reinforcement batteries:

19th Light Brigade

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102 Operational Sustainment Brigade

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3rd (UK) Division

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3rd (UK) Division organization as of January 2026 (click to enlarge)

3rd (UK) Division Information Manoeuvre Units

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  • 3rd (UK) Division Information Manoeuvre Units, atBulford Camp
    • 4 Military Intelligence Battalion, Intelligence Corps, at Kiwi Barracks, Bulford Camp
    • 7 Military Intelligence Battalion, Intelligence Corps, inBristol (Army Reserve)

3rd Deep Reconnaissance Strike Brigade

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12th Armoured Brigade

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20th Armoured Brigade

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25 (Close Support) Engineer Group

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7 Signal Group

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101 Operational Sustainment Brigade

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Land Special Operations Force

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Land Special Operations Force organization as of January 2026 (click to enlarge)

Army Special Operations Brigade

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11th Brigade

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77th Brigade

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  • Brigade Operations Centre
  • 5th Information Operations Task Force (5IOTF)
  • 101 Information Operations Task Force (101 IOTF)
  • 6th Military Intelligence Battalion (6MI)
  • Specialist Mentoring & Coaching Group (SMCG)

Field Army Troops

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Field Army Troops organization as of January 2026 (click to enlarge)

Cyber and Electro Magnetic Activities Effects Group

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Surveillance Group

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Understand Group

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  • Understand Group[18][30]
    • Land Intelligence Fusion Centre, atDenison BarracksHermitage
    • Specialist Group Military Intelligence, at Denison Barracks, Hermitage
    • 2 Military Intelligence Battalion, Intelligence Corps, at Trenchard Lines, Upavon
    • 3 Military Intelligence Battalion, Intelligence Corps, in London (Army Reserve)

Land Warfare Centre

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Joint Aviation Command

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Joint Aviation Command (JAC) brings tri-service helicopters and unmanned aerial systems together under one command, providing lift, find and attack capabilities.

The British Army contribution to the Joint Aviation Command consists of:

Home Command

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See also:Commander Home Command

Home Command consists of:

  • Regional Command - to ensure delivery of a secure home front and forces and families in Brunei and Nepal.[37] When not engaged with operational commitments or when units may report to the Standing Joint Commander (UK) or mission-specific training (e.g. when conducting routine civilian engagement, ranges, or ceremonial duties, units and formations may report through a Regional Point of Command (RPOC) to HQRegional Command at Andover.[38] Regional Command, as of 1 August 2019, has38th (Irish) Brigade and160th (Welsh) Brigade permanently under its command as RPOCs. Commander Regional Command is also Commander Army Cadet Force & Combined Cadet Force.[39]
  • London District - commands all the Army forces within the London area and conducts ceremonial events.[40]
  • Recruiting and Initial Training Command - recruits and trains soldiers.[41]
  • Army Personnel Centre - deals with personnel issues and liaises with outside agencies.[42]
  • Sandhurst Group - deals with initial officer training and development at theRoyal Military Academy Sandhurst, student military and leadership training through theUniversity Officer Training Corps, professional development for members of the General Staff (Colonel and above) and overseeing the Centre for Army Leadership.[43][44]

Commander Home Command,[45] is also the Standing Joint Commander (UK) for responsible for the planning and execution of civil contingency operations within the UK landmass and territorial waters.[46][47]

Headquarters London District

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Headquarters Regional Command

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Main article:Regional Command (British Army)

Headquarters Regional Command atMontgomery House, Aldershot is commanded by aMajor-General. It is the Army's HQ for the UK,Nepal andBrunei, administering Army bases in the UK and providing civil engagement. Headquarters Regional Command is also the operational command for the Army Cadets.

38th (Irish) Brigade

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51st Infantry Brigade and Headquarters Scotland

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160th (Welsh) Brigade

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Headquarters Centre

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Headquarters South East

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Headquarters North

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Headquarters South West

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Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command

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Main article:Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command

Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command was established on 1 April 2018,[52] and oversees the Army Recruiting Group, which includes the National Recruitment Centre (NRC) and local Army Careers Centres, and is staffed by a mixture ofCapita staff and Army personnel.[53]

Army Training Units (ATU) are commanded and staffed by Army Reservists. Along with Regular Army Training Regiments (ATR), they provide Basic Training to Army Reserve recruits, except those joining4 PARA and TheHonourable Artillery Company. The current ATUs include:

Army Personnel Centre

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The centre is located in Glasgow. The APC's Chief Executive is theMilitary Secretary, who also holds the post ofGeneral Officer, Scotland. The APC deals with personnel issues and contact with outside agencies.

Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Group

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Commandant Sandhurst is a Major-General.[60]

Army Adventurous Training Group

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  • Headquarters, Army Adventurous Training Group, atUpavon[61]
  • Joint Service Mountain Training Centre,Anglesey
  • Army Adventurous Training Centre,Upavon
  • Joint Service Mountain Training Wing,Ballachulish
  • Joint Service Mountain Training Wing,Halton
  • Joint Service Mountain Training Wing,Anglesey
  • Joint Service Mountain Training Wing,Bavaria
  • Joint Service Mountain Training Wing,Llanrwst
  • Joint Service Mountain Training Wing,Inverness
  • Adventurous Training Foundation Wing,Castlemartin
  • Adventurous Training Foundation Wing,Harz
  • Joint Service Parachute Wing,Netheravon
  • Joint Service Adventurous Training Wing,Cyprus

British Army Germany

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Order of precedence

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See also:British Army order of precedence

TheBritish Army parades according to the order of precedence, from right to left, with the unit at the extreme right being highest on the order. The Household Cavalry has the highest precedence, unless theRoyal Horse Artillery parades with its guns.

British Army units in other areas of the British Armed Forces

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Strategic Command

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Navy Command

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Air Command

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Light Cavalry is equipped withJackal 2
  2. ^Light Fires Regiments are equipped with 24xL118 (105mm) Light Guns
  3. ^Light Mechanised Infantry is either equipped withFoxhound orMastiff
  4. ^Armoured Fires Regiments are equipped with 24xAS-90 155mm Guns
  5. ^Deep Fires regiments are equipped withM270 MLRS
  6. ^Equipped withChallenger 3
  7. ^Armoured Infantry Battalions are equipped withWarrior AFVs, by 2025 all Armoured Infantry Battalions will become Mechanised Infantry equipped withBoxer MIV
  8. ^The Guards Regiments will rotate in roles across a sixteen year cycle. Eight years in the light role under 4 BCT, a further four years in the security force assistance role and four years on public duties. The exception to this, is the Scots Guards who will remain Light Mechanised Infantry and rotate through Cyprus every four years.

References and sources

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Sources

  • A Guide to Appointments and Invitations for Defence Staffs within High Commissions and Embassies in London,UK Ministry of Defence, June 2005 edition

Citations

  1. ^"Militia Bill".Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 23 April 1852.
  2. ^BY THE LATE LIEUTENANT GENERAL H. G. HART. JOHN MURRAY (1911),HART'S ANNUAL ARMY LIST, SPECIAL RESERVE LIST, AND TERRITORIAL FORCE LIST, FOR 1911: (BEING THE SEVENTY-SECOND ANNUAL VOLUME,) CONTAINING DATES OF COMMISSIONS, AND A SUMMARY OF THE WAR SERVICES OF NEARLY EVERY OFFICER IN THE ARMY, SUPPLY &c. DEPARTMENTS, MARINES, AND INDIAN ARMY, AND INDIAN LOCAL FORCES. WITH AN INDEX, London{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^"THE TERRITORIAL FORCES ACT — THE MILITIA".Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 18 February 1908.
  4. ^"British Army. — Home and Colonial Military Forces",Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), vol. 51, cc 1196-8W, 9 April 1913
  5. ^"The British Guiana Volunteer Force".www.StabroekNews.com. Stabroek News. 1 October 2008.
  6. ^"Batteries, Companies, Regiments, and Corps (Land)".www.ColonialForces.org. CFSG (Q) Inc.
  7. ^Colonel KW Maurice-Jones, DSO, RA (1959),History of The Coast Artillery in the British Army, Royal Artillery Institution{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^"Army 2020 Update"(PDF).www.army.mod.uk.British Army. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 10 June 2014. Retrieved3 February 2016.
  9. ^"Bermuda in 1914".livelb.NationalArchives.Gov.uk.Kew, England:The National Archives. Archived fromthe original on 17 June 2021. Retrieved11 January 2022.
  10. ^The Quarterly Army List, Part I, January 1945. Order of Precedence of the British Army. Page xiii,His Majesty's Stationery Office
  11. ^"ARMY ESTIMATES, 1899–1900".Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 17 March 1899.
  12. ^British Army, Transforming the British Army: An Update: July 2013, pp. 22–23.
  13. ^"British Army - Higher Command".www.army.mod.uk.British Army -Ministry of Defence. Archived fromthe original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved5 October 2021.
  14. ^"Army Structure".www.army.mod.uk.British Army -Ministry of Defence. Retrieved24 May 2018.
  15. ^abcdefg"The Imjin". Allied Rapid Reaction Corps. Retrieved9 January 2026.
  16. ^abcdefg"1st Aviation Brigade". British Army. Retrieved9 January 2026.
  17. ^abcdeLt. Col. Mark Shapland."1 Military Police Brigade".The Imjin. Allied Rapid Reaction Corps. p. 26. Retrieved9 January 2026.
  18. ^abcdefgh"Field Army Troops | The British Army". 12 November 2024.
  19. ^"Future Soldier: Transforming the British Army".GOV.UK. Retrieved10 November 2023.
  20. ^ab"SOLDIER - October 2024 edition".edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk. p. 7. Retrieved6 October 2024.
  21. ^abcdef"20241209 FOI24068 Zacchi Response Letter ArmyPolSec.pdf".www.whatdotheyknow.com. 7 December 2024. Retrieved23 December 2024.
  22. ^"Flag raised to signal new HQ Field Army".www.army.mod.uk.British Army. 23 November 2015. Archived fromthe original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved26 August 2019.
  23. ^abcdefg"1st (United Kingdom) Division | The British Army". 12 November 2024.
  24. ^"General Sir Patrick Sanders DSEI 2023 Keynote Speech".GOV.UK. 12 September 2023. Retrieved7 November 2023.
  25. ^"Army establishes first reserve brigade since Second World War".www.forcesnews.com. 24 July 2022. Retrieved12 November 2024.
  26. ^"6 Regiment RLC".www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved29 July 2020.
  27. ^"Army restructures to confront evolving threats". UK Government. 31 July 2019. Retrieved1 August 2019.
  28. ^abcde"3rd (United Kingdom) Division | The British Army". 12 November 2024.
  29. ^"77th Brigade Groups - The British Army".www.army.mod.uk.
  30. ^abc"Field Army".www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved26 July 2022.
  31. ^Future Soldier Guide, p. 84
  32. ^Wharton, James (19 September 2024)."CRTC: The team making sure the Army's always ready to fight and fit to deploy".www.forcesnews.com. Retrieved17 November 2024.
  33. ^"2 YORKS – Infantry Capability Pathfinders for the British Army".The Royal Yorkshire Regiment. 8 November 2022. Retrieved17 November 2024.
  34. ^"Combat Manoeuvre Centre | The British Army".British Army. 17 November 2024.
  35. ^abcde"Joint Aviation Command". British Army. Retrieved9 January 2026.
  36. ^abc"Aviation". Army Aviation Centre. Retrieved9 January 2026.
  37. ^"Regional Command".army.mod.uk. British Army. 19 August 2019. Retrieved19 August 2019.
  38. ^British Army, Transforming the British Army: An Update: July 2013, pp. 22–23.
  39. ^"Supporting Organisations".armycadets.com. Army Cadets. 26 October 2020. Retrieved26 October 2020.
  40. ^"Headquarters London District".army.mod.uk. British Army. 19 August 2019. Retrieved19 August 2019..
  41. ^"Digital Army: Using Social Media in the British Army"(PDF).army.mod.uk. British Army. 1 September 2018. Retrieved19 August 2019.
  42. ^"Army Personnel Centre".army.mod.uk. British Army. 19 August 2019. Retrieved19 August 2019.
  43. ^"RMAS Sandhurst".army.mod.uk. British Army. 19 August 2019. Retrieved19 August 2019.
  44. ^British Army (1 December 2021)."Future Soldier Guide"(PDF).army.mod.uk.
  45. ^"Commander Home Command".
  46. ^"Aldershot becomes home to Headquarter Standing Joint Commander (UK) • the Military Times". 24 October 2017. Archived fromthe original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved22 October 2019.
  47. ^"Who we are".Home Command. British Army. Retrieved18 August 2019.
  48. ^"Irish Guards form two new Companies with historic links for future role".
  49. ^British Army,Soldier Magazine: August 2021, p. 11
  50. ^"Wiltshire Police pledge to be a forces friendly employer".Wiltshire Police. Devizes. 28 June 2019. Archived fromthe original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved19 August 2019.
  51. ^"Army Update: Commander HQ South West Colonel James Coote DSO OBE"(PDF).swlep.co.uk. Swindon & Wiltshire LEP. 25 May 2017. Retrieved22 August 2019.
  52. ^"Army 2020 Refine changes since 2017"(PDF).Dropbox. Retrieved10 October 2019.
  53. ^Parliamentary Question 164313, Army Reserve Recruitment, asked by Mrs Madeleine Moon (Bridgend), 16 July 2018, Hansard Extractshttps://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/?id=2018-07-16.164311.h
  54. ^"Alpha training at Altcar". North West and Isle of Man Reserve Forces and Cadets Association. 11 August 2014. Retrieved1 November 2020.
  55. ^"ARMY TRAINING UNIT (NORTHERN IRELAND)". Northern Ireland Reserve Forces and Cadets Association. 21 March 2016. Retrieved1 November 2020.
  56. ^"Army Training Unit - Northern Ireland, Ballykinler (2020)". Retrieved1 November 2020.
  57. ^"The Army footprint in Scotland consists of". Retrieved1 November 2020.
  58. ^"Quick march into the reserves for new recruits who love a challenge".The Scotsman. 1 August 2020. Retrieved1 November 2020.
  59. ^"Local accountant to command Army Training Unit (West)". BDaily News. 3 January 2020. Retrieved1 November 2020.
  60. ^Mackie, Colin (5 January 2020).Generals January 2020(PDF) (Report). Retrieved5 January 2020 – via gulabin.com.
  61. ^"Army Adventurous Training Group". Ministry of Defence. Retrieved5 October 2024.
  62. ^"The British Army in Germany".army.mod.uk. British Army. 25 October 2020. Retrieved25 October 2020.
  63. ^"British Army armoured vehicle facility opens Germany". Forces.net. 23 February 2020. Retrieved9 March 2020.
  64. ^"Amphibious Engineers Key Asset in Germany". Warfare Today. 1 October 2018. Archived fromthe original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved9 March 2020.
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  66. ^"Adventurous Training Foundation Delivery". Soldier Magazine. 2014. Retrieved9 March 2020.
  67. ^Cacoyannis, Sofie (9 August 2024)."End of an era: Duke of Lancaster's Regiment flag lowered in Episkopi after two years".www.forcesnews.com. Retrieved13 October 2024.
  68. ^"Staff Officers' Handbook 2014".pdfcoffee.com. p. 2.6.8_1. Retrieved26 September 2022.
  69. ^"Royal Air Force".Royal Air Force.
  70. ^"Defence School of Communications Information Systems (DSCIS)". Ministry of Defence. Retrieved21 December 2022.
  71. ^"Defence School of Electronic and Mechanical Engineering". Ministry of Defence. Retrieved21 December 2022.

External links

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