 | |
| Company type | Private |
|---|---|
| Industry | Mixed martial artspromotion |
| Founded | 1985 |
| Founder | Scott Coker |
| Defunct | 2013 |
| Successor | Ultimate Fighting Championship |
| Headquarters | , |
| Owner | TKO Group Holdings |
| Website | strikeforce |
Strikeforce was an Americanmixed martial arts andkickboxing organization based inSan Jose, California, that operated from 1985 to 2013. It was headed by CEOScott Coker.
Its live events and competitions have been shown onCBS, debuting on November 7, 2009, andShowtime in the United States. Internationally, Strikeforce events have been broadcastSuper Channel in Canada, Primetime in the United Kingdom,SKY PerfecTV! in Japan,HBO Plus in Brazil,Space in Latin America and the Caribbean, and on theAmerican Forces Network.
In early 2011, Strikeforce was purchased by AmericanUltimate Fighting Championship ownerZuffa LLC, which eventually closed the promotion and brought the remaining fighter contracts into the UFC roster.
Founded as a kickboxing organization, Strikeforce later expanded intomixed martial arts. Its first MMA event,Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Gracie, was held on March 10, 2006, at theHP Pavilion inSan Jose, California.[1] The event was California's first regulatedMMA event and broke the previous record for the largest audience at an MMA event in North America, with 18,265 in attendance. The record was since broken byUFC 129. Strikeforce spent much of its early days as a regional promotion, but one that had a higher level of talent than most promotions due to its California base. It made its television debut withStrikeforce: Shamrock vs. Baroni, a co-branded event with theEliteXC promotion which featured the Strikeforce-contractedFrank Shamrock in its main event.
In February 2008, Strikeforce, in conjunction with Brian Halquist Productions,[2] held its first event outside California withStrikeforce: At The Dome at theTacoma Dome inTacoma, Washington. This was also the promotion's first show on cable television, as it was aired as part of theHDNet Fights block. Starting in 2009, most Strikeforce events were held in other states (15 in total), including 5 events inLas Vegas, Nevada from 2011-2012. They still ran multiple shows a year from HP Pavilion, as the owners of that building's main tenant, hockey'sSan Jose Sharks, had purchased a significant share in the promotion.
In March 2008, Strikeforce partnered withNBC to broadcast weekly highlight and fighter-profile series,Strikeforce on NBC from April 12.[3] In February 2009, Strikeforce purchased several assets, including a video library and several fighter-contracts, includingNick Diaz,Jake Shields,Robbie Lawler andScott Smith fromProElite, owner of the defunctEliteXC promotion. Days later it also announced it had taken over EliteXC's three-year broadcast deal withShowtime for up to 16 events per year, as well as a deal withCBS for an option to produce up to four events for them.[4] In addition to Strikeforce's primary events being broadcast on Showtime, it also announced it would produceShoMMA: Strikeforce Challengers, an event-series similar toShoXC andShoBox, where they would highlight up-and-coming fighters.[5]
During August 2009, Strikeforce CEO Scott Coker announced that it had signed formal alliances withJapanese MMA-promotionDream andRussian promotionM-1 Global. Coker said the partnership would allow for co-promotion and fighter exchanges for events both in the US and Japan to creating the best match ups possible that would not have existed before.[6] As a result, Dream fighters such asShinya Aoki,Tatsuya Kawajiri,Sergei Kharitonov,Melvin Manhoef,Jason Miller,Gegard Mousasi,Ronaldo Souza,Hiroyuki Takaya, andMarius Zaromskis competed in Strikeforce between 2009 & the partnership's end in 2011.
On August 15, 2009, Strikeforce events were available to be viewed online through theShowtime website. For a small cost, an online interactive event named "Strikeforce: All Access" could be streamed simultaneously with the live event, enabling the user multiple camera angles of the fights such as the "cage cam" exclusively offered byShowtime. A small camera was attached to the referee and fans were able to see from their perspective in real time. "Strikeforce: All Access" added other features such as pause and instant replay. This was not the first time Strikeforce events were streamed on theShowtime website but was the first time the live stream was available to audiences and internet users outside the United States.[7]
On August 3, 2009, formerPride and reigning WAMMA Heavyweight ChampionFedor Emelianenko signed a 3-fight contract with Strikeforce, with events he competed on co-promoted by his promotional teamM-1 Global.[8] On November 7, 2009, he made his Strikeforce debut atStrikeforce: Fedor vs. Rogers on the promotion's first nationally televised card onCBS. Emelianenko facedBrett Rogers, and won via knockout in the 2nd round. Emelianenko proved to be a huge rating draw, bringing in just under 5.5 million viewers.[9]
Emelianenko's next fight was atStrikeforce: Fedor vs. Werdum, where he suffered his first loss in 10 years toFabrício Werdum via submission. Emelianenko next fought as part of the Strikeforce Heavyweight World Grand Prix Tournament,[10] losing again toAntônio Silva via doctor stoppage. Emelianenko was battered by Silva during the second round, causing his right eye to swell shut.[11]
After exiting the tournament, Emelianenko last competed against Strikeforce light heavyweight championDan Henderson in a heavyweight superfight, losing via first-round knockout. After the loss, Emelianenko left the promotion to finish his career overseas. Despite his three-fight losing streak to end his Strikeforce run, all of his appearances for the promotion attracted over 500,000 viewers, among the highest ratings in Strikeforce's history on Showtime.[12]
On March 12, 2011,Dana White revealed onAOL toAriel Helwani thatZuffa, LLC, the parent company of theUFC, had purchased Strikeforce.[13] White went on to explain that Strikeforce will operate as an independent promotion and that Scott Coker would continue to run the promotion. Strikeforce CEO Scott Coker announced the return of Fedor Emelianenko on an unspecified July or August event and said that the Zuffa-owned company would continue to co-promote with M-1 Global.[14] Following the purchase, the UFC signed many of Strikeforce's top stars and champions, such asJason Miller,Nick Diaz,Dan Henderson,Alistair Overeem,Luke Rockhold, andCung Le.
Under Zuffa's ownership, Strikeforce made a number of changes, including reinstatingelbow strikes previously barred in Strikeforce, dissolving the men's weight classes below lightweight, and ceasing promotion of amateur undercard bouts. After an extension was reached with Showtime to continue Strikeforce through 2012, the promotion's heavyweight division (sans Heavyweight Grand Prix finalists) was merged into the UFC, and the promotion's Challengers series was ended.
The final Strikeforce show wasStrikeforce: Marquardt vs. Saffiedine on January 12, 2013, after which the promotion was dissolved and all fighter contracts were either ended or absorbed into theUFC. Notable fighters includedNick Diaz,Daniel Cormier,Josh Barnett,Ronda Rousey andLuke Rockhold. Following a brief period away from fight promotion, former Strikeforce CEO Scott Coker would then go on to joinBellator MMA in June 2014, replacingBjorn Rebney as its new president.[15]
Many Strikeforce fighters went on to become UFC Champions. In 2015, after Luke Rockhold defeated Chris Weidman to become UFC Middleweight Champion, former Strikeforce fighters owned UFC Titles at Heavyweight, Light Heavyweight, Middleweight, and Welterweight at the same time.
At the time of its closure, Strikeforce employed theUnified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts, and was fought on a hexagonal cage, as opposed toUFC's octagonal cage (The Octagon). Ordinary matches consisted of three five-minute rounds, while championship matches were five five-minute rounds. All rounds had a one-minute break between them. Prior to the acquisition byZuffa, Strikeforce did not allow elbows to the head of a grounded opponent.
Prior to June 2009, all women's bouts in Strikeforce consisted of three three-minute rounds as opposed to the men's five-minute rounds. However, on June 16, 2009, Strikeforce announced that it had received approval from the Washington and California State Athletic Commissions to use five-minute rounds for all women's bouts, including five five-minute rounds for its championship bouts.[16]
| Weight class name | Upper limit | |
|---|---|---|
| Before 2009 | After 2009 | |
| Bantamweight | 130 lb (59.0 kg) | 135 lb (61.2 kg) |
| Featherweight | 145 lb (65.8 kg) | 145 lb (65.8 kg) |
| Lightweight | 160 lb (72.6 kg) | 155 lb (70.3 kg) |
| Welterweight | 175 lb (79.4 kg) | 170 lb (77.1 kg) |
| Middleweight | 190 lb (86.2 kg) | 185 lb (83.9 kg) |
| Light Heavyweight | 205 lb (93.0 kg) | 205 lb (93.0 kg) |
| Heavyweight | Unlimited | 265 lb (120.2 kg) |
Theten-point must system was in effect for all fights; three judges scored each round and the winner of each received ten points, the loser nine points or fewer. If the round was even, both fighters received ten points. In New Jersey, the fewest points a fighter could receive was 7, and in other states by custom no fighter received fewer than 8.
As ofStrikeforce: Marquardt vs. Saffiedine, which occurred on January 12, 2013, there have been 63 Strikeforce events held, including 20 in the promotion's Challengers series.
Strikeforce held tournaments in the men's heavyweight division from 2011–2012, and one-night tournaments in the men's middleweight divisions in November 2007 and the women's bantamweight division in August 2010. They were won respectively byDaniel Cormier,Jorge Santiago, andMiesha Tate.[citation needed]
| Men's division | Upper weight limit | Champion |
|---|---|---|
| Heavyweight | 265 lb (120 kg; 18.9 st) |  Alistair Overeem |
| Light heavyweight | 205 lb (93 kg; 14.6 st) |  Dan Henderson |
| Middleweight | 185 lb (84 kg; 13.2 st) | Luke Rockhold |
| Welterweight | 170 lb (77 kg; 12 st) |  Tarec Saffiedine |
| Lightweight | 155 lb (70 kg; 11.1 st) | Gilbert Melendez |
| Women's division | Upper weight limit | Champion |
| Featherweight | 145 lb (66 kg; 10.4 st) |  Cris Cyborg |
| Bantamweight | 135 lb (61 kg; 9.6 st) | Ronda Rousey |
| Record | Fighter | Number |
|---|---|---|
| Most Bouts | Josh Thomson | 13 |
| Most Wins | Gilbert Melendez | 11 |
| Most Finishes | Cung LeLuke Rockhold | 7 |
| Most Knockouts | Cung Le | 7 |
| Most Submissions | Luke Rockhold | 5 |
| Most Title Defenses | Gilbert Melendez | 6 (including 1 defense of interim title) |
| Most Consecutive Title Defenses | Gilbert Melendez | 4 |
| Most Title Reigns | Gilbert Melendez | 2 |
| Most Wins in Title Fights | Gilbert Melendez | 9 (including 2 interim title wins) |
Figures were available from the company Round 5.[17] A series of their figures includesCung Le andGina Carano. TheCung Le figure was released at the 2009 San Diego Comic Convention. An exclusive special version of theCung Le figurine was released thereafter in which he has different colored shorts and design.
Strikeforce Final Champions | |
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| Heavyweight | |
| Light Heavyweight | |
| Middleweight | |
| Welterweight | |
| Lightweight | |
| Women's Featherweight | |
| Women's Bantamweight | |
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